上海市第二次高考模拟考试英语试题及答案Word文档格式.docx

上海市第二次高考模拟考试英语试题及答案Word文档格式.docx

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第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Whydon’tquietcarriageswork,andhowmighttheybemaketo?

Quietcarriagesontrainsareaniceidea:

travelersvoluntarilymaketheirphonessilent,turnstereosoffandkeepchattertoaminimum.However,inreality,thereisusuallyatleastonesillybabbler（喋喋不休的人）tobreakthesilence.

Acoupleofproblemspreventpeacefultrips.First,thereisasortingproblem:

somepassengersendupinthequietcarriagebyaccidentandarenotawareoftherules.Second,thereisacommitmentproblem:

noiseissometimesmadebytravelerswhochoosethequietcarriagebutfindanimportantcallhardtoignore.

Thetrainoperatorsaretryingtofindanswers.TrainsinQueenslandAustralia,arehavingpermanentsignsaddedtoshowexactlywhatisexpected;

aBritishoperatorhasinvestedinsometechnologytopreventphonecalls.

Microeconomicssuggestsanotherapproach.Finingpeopleformakinganoisewouldsurelydissuade（劝阻）thepolluterandisaneatsolutionintheory,butitrequirescostlymonitoringandenforcement.Anotherwaywouldbetousepricestoseparatequietandnoisypassengers－ineffect,creatingamarketforsilence.Asimpleideawouldbetosellaccesstothequietcarriageasanoptionalextrawhentheticketisbought.Makingthequietcoachbothanactivechoiceandacostlyonewoulddissuademanyofthosewhodon’tvalueapeacefulride.

Chargingmayalsosolvethecommitmentproblem.Thisisparticularlytricky,asattitudestonoisecanchangeduringthejourney.Somepassengerswouldpaythequietpremiumbutstillchatterawaywhensomevitalnewsarrives.Schemesthatrewardthesilent－aratingsystemamongfellowpassengers,forexample－couldhelp.Theideaisthatlosingyourhard-wonreputationoffsetstheshort-termgainfromusingthephone.Butsuchasystemalsofailsthesimplicitytest.

A2010bookbyGeorgeAkerlofandRachelKrantonarguesthat“norms”－feelingsabouthoweveryoneshouldbehave－alsoplayaroleindecision-making.Chargingaprice,evenifjustatokenamount,meansthequietcarriagebecomesaservicethatfellowpassengershavebought,notjustapreferencetheyhaveexpressed.Perhapsdifferentnormswouldcomeintoplay,encouragingcalm.Ifnot,apersonalbubbleisalwaysanoption:

noise-cancelingheadphonesstartataround$50.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesmicroeconomicssuggest?

A.Findingthesourceofnoise.

B.Puttingapriceonnoise.

C.Avoidusingaphoneinthecarriage.

D.Investingmoremoneyinmonitoringandenforcement.

2.By“apersonalbubbleisalwaysanoption,”theauthormeans________.

A.onecanmakehisownchoiceB.oneshouldrespectothers’privacy

C.onecancreatehisownpersonalspaceD.oneshouldsticktohispersonalbudget

3.Thispassageismainlyabout________.

A.people’sfavouredtransportation

B.effectivemethodsofmonitoringnoiselevels

C.possiblesolutionstonoiseintraincarriages

D.commonformsofmisbehaviorofpassengers

B

Thegreat-grandmotherislearningEnglishwiththehelpofherfamilywhensheisattheageof91.Shehopestousethelanguageatnextyear’sOlympicGamesinTokyo.Takamizawawasoneofthemorethan200,00peoplewhorequestedtovolunteerforTokyo’s2020Games.Englishisnotrequiredforservice,butitisausefulskillforvolunteerstohave.

ButTakamizawahadnotbeenabletolearnthelanguagewhenshewasyoung.TakamizawasaidthatshewasinhighschoolwhenWorldWarTwostarted.Shesaid,“Inmysecondyearthere,Englishwasbannedbecauseitwastheenemylanguage.”

Takamizawasaidhergrandchildrenhelpedpersuadeherthatshewasnottoooldtolearn.“WhenItalkedtomygrandchildrenaboutmywish,theysaid,‘It’snottoolate.Wewillteachyouonewordaday’”.NatsukoisTakamizawa’sgranddaughterandmainEnglishteacher.NatsukosendsanewEnglishwordtohergrandmother’sphoneeveryday.TheyalsooftenworktogetherdirectlyonphrasesthatTakamizawawillneedfortheOlympics.“WelcometoTokyo,thisistheOlympicstadium,howcanIhelpyou?

”TakamizawaanswerswhenaskedtosayanEnglishphraseshehaslearned.Natsukoexplainsthatshewantedtogivehergrandmothersomethingtoenjoy.“IcanclearlyseeherEnglishisgettingbetter.It’smyjoynow.”

TheEFEnglishProficiencyIndexisameasureofthelevelofEnglishspokeninacountry.Japanranks49thamongcountrieswhereEnglishisnotthefirstlanguage.ThissituationisslowlychangingasyoungergenerationswelcomeEnglish.However,TakamizawabelievesrealchangewillnothappenunlessJapanesepeoplebecomemoreopentotherestoftheworld.Witharound500daystogountilthegamesbegin,thewholeTakamizawafamilyisreadytowelcometheworldtoTokyo.

4.Whycouldn’tTakamizawalearnEnglishwhenshewasyoung?

A.BecauseEnglishwasuseless.

B.BecauseshewastooyoungtolearnEnglish.

C.BecauseEnglishwasforbiddentolearn.

D.BecauseshewasunwillingtolearnEnglish.

5.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Takamizawagetsstrongsupportfromherfamily.

B.Takamizawa’sgrandchildrenloveheralot.

C.NatsukoisTakamizawa’sgranddaughterandonlyEnglishteacher.

D.NatsukoteachesTakamizawaEnglishmainlybytalkingwithher.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thissituation”inParagraph4referto?

A.EnglishisnotthefirstlanguageinJapan.

B.ThelevelofEnglishspokeninJapanisrelativelylow.

C.YoungergenerationsinJapanwelcomeEnglish.

D.Japanesepeoplebecomeopentotherestoftheworld.

7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.B.Itisnevertoolatetolearn.

C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

C

Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellintheeducationsystem.Inanattempttohelpthechildrenofpoorfamilies,anationwideprogramcalled“Headstart”wasstartedintheUSin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopre-schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthemsucceedinschool.Buttheresultshavebeendisappointing,becausetheprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditatthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandintelligenceandtheparentswerenotinvolvedintheprocess.Attheendofeachday,“Headstart”childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.

Toimprovetheresults,anotherprogramwasstartedinMissourithatconcentratedonparentsasthechild,sfirstteachers.Thisprogramwasbasedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamilyisthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetthebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefour-yearstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandrepresenteddifferentsocial-economicstatus,ageandfamilystructure.Theprograminvolvedtrainededucatorsvisitingandworkingwiththeparentorparentsandthechild.Theprogramalsogavetheparentssomeguidance,andusefulskillsonchilddevelopment.

Atthree,thechildreninvolvedinthe“Missouri”programwereevaluatedwiththechildrenselectedfromthesamesocio-economicbackgroundandfamilysituations.Theresultswereobvious.Thechildrenintheprogramweremoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment,problemsolvingandotherintellectualskillsthantheirpeers.Theyperformedequallywellregardlessofsocio-economicbackgroundsorfamilystructure.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild,sdevelopmentwasthepoorqualityofparent-childinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.

The“Missouri”programcomparesquitedistinctlywiththe“Headstart”program.Withoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicatesthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalunfairness.

8.Whatcausedthefailureofthe“Headstart”program?

A.Thelargenumberofpoorfamilies.B.Thedisapprovalfromchildren.

C.Thelatestartoftheprogram.D.Thelongperiodoftime.

9.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“Missouri”program?

A.Itfocusedonthechildren,sfirstschoolteachers.

B.Ithelpedthechildrenreturntothesamehome.

C.Itmadethechildrenimprovedinmanyaspects.

D.Itgavetheparentsadviceontheirdevelopment.

10.Accordingtothepassage,whatislikelytoinfluencechildren,sperformance?

A.Thenumberoffamilymembers.B.Theparent-childcommunication.

C.Theintelligenceoftheirparents.D.Theteacher-studentrelationship.

11.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bydrawingconclusions.

D

We’veallbeenthere:

thosetimesyouneedtoargueyourpointofviewtosomeonewhoyouknowdisagreeswithyou.Youimmediatelygotoyourkeyboardandstarttotypeoutthat280-charactertweet,theFacebookreply,oraparagraphs-longemail.Surelythereason,logic,andstrongpowerofyourwrittenwordswillconvincewhoeveritiswhodisagreeswithyoutoseeyourpointofview.Butnewresearchsuggestsadifferentidea.

ThatresearchwasconductedbyJulianaSchroeder,assistantprofessorofUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhercolleagues.InSchroeder’sstudyofalmost300people,participantswereaskedtowatch,listen,andreadargumentsaboutsubjectstheyagreedordisagreedwith.Theywereaskedtojudgethecharacterofthecommunicatorandthequalityoftheargument.Schr