中国应对环境和气候变化政策和行动Word文档下载推荐.docx
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中国应对环境和气候变化政策和行动Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Starting
in2011,
country
has
been
hit
by
a
string
extreme
weather
events,
including
thelow-temperature
freezing
rain
snow
in
south
China,
spring
summer
droughts
middleand
lower
reaches
Yangtze
River,
rainstorms
floods
south,
typhoons
coastalareas,
autumn
rains
western
serious
waterlogging
Beijing.
These
andclimate
disasters
have
impacted
China'
s
economic
social
development
as
well
people'
livesand
property
large
degree.
In
2011
alone,
natural
affected
430
million
people
andcaused
direct
losses
309.6
billion
yuan.
中国政府高度重视气候变化问题。
2011年十一届全国人大四次会议审议通过的《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》(以下简称《纲要》),明确了“十二五”时期中国经济社会发展的目标任务和总体部署,应对气候变化作为重要内容正式纳入国民经济和社会发展中长期规划。
《纲要》将单位GDP能源消耗降低16%、单位GDP二氧化碳排放降低17%、非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到11.4%作为约束性指标,明确了未来五年中国应对气候变化的目标任务和政策导向,提出了控制温室气体排放、适应气候变化影响、加强应对气候变化国际合作等重点任务。
Chinese
government
attaches
great
importance
issue
2011,
theFourth
Session
Eleventh
People'
Congress
approved
Outline
12th
Five-Year
Plan
for
Economic
Social
Development,
which
defines
objectives,
tasks
andgeneral
framework
during
Planperiod.
underlines
change
integrates
measures
foraddressing
it
into
country'
mid-term
long-term
plans
socialdevelopment.
It
sets
binding
targets
reduce
energy
consumption
per
unit
GDP
16percent,
cut
CO2
emissions
17
percent,
raise
proportion
non-fossilfuels
overall
primary
mix
11.4
percent.
policyorientation
response
over
next
five
years
identifies
key
tasks,including
controlling
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
adapting
change,
strengtheninginternational
cooperation.
为落实“十二五”时期中国应对气候变化目标任务,推动绿色低碳发展,中国国务院印发了《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》、《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》等一系列重要政策文件,加强对应对气候变化工作的规划指导。
有关部门和地方政府积极采取行动,应对气候变化各项工作取得明显成效。
在气候变化国际谈判中,中国继续发挥积极建设性作用,推动德班会议取得积极成果,为应对全球气候变化作出了重要贡献。
To
fulfill
objectives
addressing
Five-YearPlan
period
promote
green
low-carbon
development,
State
Council
issued
anumber
important
policy
documents,
Work
Controlling
Greenhouse
GasEmissions
During
Period
Comprehensive
EnergyConservation
Emission
Reduction
Period,
strengthenplanning
guidance
Relevant
departments
local
governmentshave
actively
addressed
made
remarkable
progress
this
regard.
Chinacontinues
play
positive
constructive
role
international
negotiations
andpushed
outcomes
at
Durban
Climate
Change
Conference,
thereby
making
asignificant
contribution
global
change.
为使各方面了解中国2011年以来应对气候变化采取的政策与行动及取得的成效,特编写本年度报告。
This
annual
report
enable
all
parties
fully
understand
actions
andpolicies
on
set
out
results
achieved
since
2011.
二、适应气候变化
2011年以来,中国政府积极采取措施,提高了重点领域适应气候变化的能力,减轻了气候变化对经济社会发展和人民生产生活的不利影响。
II.AdaptingtoClimateChange
In2011and2012,theChinesegovernmenttookeffectivemeasurestoenhancethecapabilityofkeysectorstoadapttoclimatechangeandreducedthenegativeimpactofclimatechangeoneconomicandsocialdevelopment,productionandthepeople'
swelfare.
(一)农业领域
(I)Agriculture
农业部大力推动农田水利基本建设,提升农业综合生产能力。
推动大规模旱涝保收标准农田建设。
开展了大型灌区续建配套与大型灌溉排水泵站更新改造,扩大农业灌溉面积、提高灌溉效率。
培育并推广产量高、品质优良的抗旱、抗涝、抗高温、抗病虫害等抗逆品种,进一步加大农作物良种补贴力度,加快推进良种培育、繁殖、推广一体化进程,目前全国主要农作物良种覆盖率达到95%以上,良种对粮食增产贡献率达到40%左右。
TheMinistryofAgriculturehasenergeticallypursuedtheconsolidationoffarmlandandwaterconservationinfrastructureandtheoverallimprovementofagriculturalproductivity.Itencouragedthelarge-scaleconstructionoffarmlandcapableofproducingstableyieldsdespitedroughtorfloodconditions.Itdevelopednewlarge-scaleirrigationareasandrenovatedexistingfacilities,includingirrigationanddrainagepumpstations,toexpandtheareaunderirrigationandimproveirrigationefficiency.Itcontinuedtopromotethecultivationofhighqualityseedvarietieswithhighyieldpotentialandresistancetodrought,flooding,hightemperature,diseasesandpests.Itincreasedsubsidiestoacceleratethecultivation,reproductionanddisseminationofsuperiorcropstrains.Currently,morethan95percentofthefarmlandusedforplantingmajorcropsnationwideissownwithsuperiorstrains,contributingabout40percentoftheincreaseingrainoutput.
积极组织节水农业技术模式创新,突出工程、设备、生物、农艺和管理等措施在田间的组装集成,总结提出了区域性骨干技术模式。
示范推广了全膜双垄集雨沟播、膜下滴灌、测墒节灌等九大节水技术模式,建设节水农业示范基地,水分生产力比“十一五”之前提高10%-30%,促进了旱区粮食稳定增产、农民持续增收。
Theministryhasproactivelyadvancedinnovationinwater-savingagriculturaltechnology,focusingontheintegrationofengineering,infrastructure,biology,agronomyandmanagementtechniques,andthepromotionofregionally-applicablecoretechnology.Ninewater-savingtechnologiesweredemonstratedandpromoted,includingfullplasticfilmmulchingondoubleridgesandplantingincatchmentfurrows,under-mulchdripirrigationandsoilmoisture-basedon-demandirrigation.Water-savingagriculturaldemonstrationbaseswereconstructedaroundthecountry,andwaterproductivityincreasedby10-30percentovertheperiodpriortotheimplementationofthe11thFive-YearPlan(2006-2010).Theseeffortshavehelpedensureasteadyincreaseofgrainoutputindrought-strickenareasandcontinuousincomegrowthforfarmers.
(二)林业及生态系统
(II)ForestryandtheEcosystem
林业局发布了《林业应对气候变化“十二五”行动要点》,提出了4项林业适应气候变化主要行动,着力加强森林抚育经营和森林火灾、林业微生物防控,优化森林结构,改善森林健康状况。
贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于做好自然保护区管理有关工作的通知》,严格限制自然保护区内的开发建设活动,强化监督管理,进一步加强国家重要生态区域和生物多样性关键地区保护。
加强野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设,截至2011年底,新增国家级自然保护区23处,林业系统自然保护区已达2126处,总面积达1.23亿公顷,占全国国土面积的12.78%。
完成了80%以上国土面积的湿地资源调查任务,实施全国湿地保护工程项目39个,建设湿地保护管理站点100多处,新增湿地保护面积33万公顷,恢复湿地2.3万公顷,新增4处国际重要湿地和68处国家湿地公园试点。
发布了《中国国际重要湿地生态状况公报》,初步构建了湿地生态系统健康价值功能评价指标体系,进一步加强了湿地恢复与保护。
TheStateForestryAdministrationpublishedtheActionPointsforChina'
sForestryDepartmentsinResponsetoClimateChangeDuringthe12thFiveYearPlan(2011-2015)Period,inwhichitsetsoutfourmajoractionstobetakenbyforestrysupervisionauthoritiesnationwidetoadapttoclimatechange,inclduingintensifiedeffortsinforestmanagement,preventionofforestfiresandcontrolofharmfulpests,foreststructureoptimization,andimprovementofforesthealth.GovernmentsatalllevelshavefullyimplementedtheCircularoftheGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilonStrengtheningManagementofNatureReserves.Stringentmeasureshavebeentakentocontroldevelopmentofnaturereservesacrossthecountry.Supervisionandmanagementhavebeenstrengthenedtobetterprotectmajorecologicalzonesandkeyareasofbiologicaldiversityaroundthecountry.Thegovernmenthasimproveditseffortstoprotectwildlifeandensurethesoundconstructionofnaturereserves.Bytheendof2011,thecountryhadhad23newstate-levelnaturereserves.Forestryauthoritiesnationwidehadatotalof2,126naturereservesundermanagement,coveringanareaof123millionhectaresandaccountingfor12.78percentofthenation'
stotallandarea.Thegovernmentcompletedasurveyofwetlandresourcesindifferentprovincial-levelregionsaccountingformorethan80percentofthecountry’slandarea,implemented39wetlandprotectionprogramsnationwide,constructedmorethan100stationsforwetlandprotectionandmanagement,brought330,000hectaresofnewwetlandunderprotection,restored23,000hectaresofexistingwetland,establishedfournewwetlandsofinternationalimportanceanddeveloped68pilotnationalwetlandparks.ThegovernmentpublishedtheCommuniqué
ontheBiologicalStatusofChineseWetlandsofInternationalImportance,whichincludesanindexforevaluatingthebiologicalhealthofChina'
swetlandsthatisofgreathelpinstrengtheningtherestorationandprotectionofthecountry'
swetlands.
(三)水资源领域
国务院发布了《关于实行最严格水资源管理制度的意见》,提出实行最严格的水资源管理制度要求,确立水资源开发利用、用水效率控制、水功能区限制纳污控制的“红线”,严格执行取水许可、水资源有偿使用、水自愿论证制度,全面推行节水型社会建设,成为指导我国今后一个时期水资源管理工作的纲领性文件。
国务院批复了《全国江河湖泊水功能区划》、《全国农村饮水安全工程“十二五”规划》和《水利发展规划(2011-2015年)》。
水利部完成了《全国地下水利用与保护》等多项水利规划。
工业和信息化部大力推进节水型工业体系建设,会同水利部、全国节约用水办公室印发了《关于深入推进节水型企业建设工作的通知》。
(III)WaterResources
TheStateCouncilreleasedtheOpinionsonImplementingtheStrictestWaterResourcesManagementSystem,whichhasbecomeamajordocumentguidingthecountry'
swaterresourcemanagement.Thedocumentstatesthenecessityofimplementingastrictwaterresourcescontrolsystem,andexplicitlyspecifiesthemainmeasurestobetakeninthreeRedLines–controlofthedevelopmentanduseofwaterresources,controlofwateruseefficiency,andrestrictionofpollutantsinwaterfunctionalareas.Measurestobetakentoboosttheconstructionofawater-savingsocietyinanall-roundwayinclude:
strictlyimplementingthepermitsystemforwaterwithdrawal;
strictlypracticingreimbursableusagesystemonwaterresources;
strictlyimplementingplanningandenhancementofwaterresourceassessments.TheStateCouncilhasofficiallyapprovedtheNationalWaterFunctionZoninginMajorRiversandLakes,theNationalRuralDrinkingWa
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