Making of a NationWord格式.docx
- 文档编号:21522121
- 上传时间:2023-01-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:24
- 大小:880.80KB
Making of a NationWord格式.docx
《Making of a NationWord格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Making of a NationWord格式.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATION--AmericanhistoryinVOASpecialEnglish.
GeorgeWashingtonbyartistLaugier
TheUnitedStatesdeclareditsindependencefromBritainonJulyfourth,seventeenseventy-six.ThenewnationwasalooselyformedalliancegovernedundertheArticlesofConfederation.Allthischangedwhenanewplanofgovernment,theConstitution,wentintoeffectonMarchfourth,seventeeneighty-nine.Therewasmuchtobedonetomakeitwork.Themachineryofgovernmentwasuntested.Strongleadershipwasneeded.Today,HarryMonroeandKayGallanttellthestoryofAmerica'
sfirstpresident,GeorgeWashington.
(MUSIC)
VOICETWO:
ManyhistoriansbelievetherewouldneverhavebeenaUnitedStateswithoutGeorgeWashington.HeledtheAmericanpeopletovictoryintheirwarforindependencefromBritain.Hekeptthenewnationunitedinthedangerousfirstyearsofitslife.
WashingtonhadastrangepowerovertheAmericanpeople.Hisnamestilldoes.Duringhislifetime,hewashonoredforhiscourageandwisdom.Afterhisdeathinseventeenninety-nine,hebecamealmostgod-like.Peopleforgotthathewashuman,thathehadfaultsandmademistakes.
Forwelloveronehundredyears,AmericansfounditdifficulttocriticizeGeorgeWashington.HerepresentedthespiritofAmerica--whatwasbestaboutthecountry.
VOICEONE:
RecenthistorianshavepaintedamorerealisticpictureofWashington.Theywriteabouthisweaknesses,aswellashisstrengths.Butthishasnotreducedhisgreatnessandimportanceinthemakingofthenation.
TheforceofWashington'
spersonality,andhisinfluence,wasextremelyimportantatthePhiladelphiaconventionthatwrotethenewConstitution.Hadhenotagreedtoattend,somesay,theconventionwouldnothavebeenheld.Later,asthefirstpresident,hegavethenewnationagoodstartinlife.
GeorgeWashingtonbyartistGeorgeDunlap
Washingtonwasabletocontrolpoliticaldisputesamongofficialsofthenewgovernment.Hewouldnotletsuchdisputesdamagethenation'
sunity.
Washingtonoftenthoughtofthefuture.Hewantedthefirstgovernmenttotaketherightsteps.
Hesaid,somethingsmaynotseemimportantinthebeginning,butlater,theymayhavebadpermanentresults.Itwouldbebetter,hefelt,tostarthisadministrationrightthantotrytocorrectmistakeslater…whenitmightbetoolatetodoso.Hehopedtoactinsuchawaythatfuturepresidentscouldcontinuetobuildonwhathebegan.
Washingtonhadclear,firmideasaboutwhatwasrightandwhatwaswrong.Helovedjustice.Healsolovedtherepublicanformofgovernment.
Somepeoplehaddifficultyseeingthispartoftheman.ForWashingtonlookedlikeanaristocrat.And,attimes,heseemedtoactlikeone.Heattendedmanyceremonies.Heoftenrodethroughthestreetsinacarriagepulledbysixhorses.Hiscriticscalledhim"
king."
Washingtonopposedrulebykingsanddictators.HewasshockedthatsomegoodpeopletalkedofhavingamonarchyinAmerica.Hewasevenmoreshockedthattheydidnotunderstandtheharmtheyweredoing.
WashingtonwarnedthatthisloosetalkcouldleadtoanattempttoestablishamonarchyintheUnitedStates.Amonarchy,hesaid,wouldbeagreatvictoryfortheenemiesoftheUnitedStates.ItwouldprovethatAmericanscouldnotgovernthemselves.
Aspresident,Washingtondecidedtodoeverythinginhispowertopreventthecountryfromeverbeingruledbyakingordictator.Hewantedthepeopletohaveasmuchself-governmentaspossible.Suchgovernment,Washingtonfelt,meantalifeofpersonalfreedomandequaljusticeforthepeople.
Theeighteenthcenturyhasbeendescribedastheageofreasonandunderstandingfortherightsofpeople.Washingtonwasamanofhistimes.Hesaidnoonecouldfeelagreaterinterestinthehappinessofmankindthanhedid.Hesaiditwashisgreatesthopethatthepoliciesofthattimewouldbringtoeveryonethoseblessingswhichshouldbetheirs.
WashingtonwasespeciallyhappyandproudthattheUnitedStateswouldprotectpeopleagainstoppressionfortheirreligiousbeliefs.
Hedidnotcarewhichgodpeopleworshipped.Hefeltthatreligiousfreedomwasarightofeveryperson.Goodmen,hesaid,arefoundallovertheworld.Theycanbefollowersofanyreligion…ornoreligionatall.
Washington'
sfeelingsaboutracialoppressionwereasstrongashisfeelingsaboutreligiousoppression.True,heownedNegroslaves.Buthehatedslavery."
Thereisnotamanalive,"
heoncesaid,"
whowishesmoretrulythanItoseeaplanapprovedtoendslavery."
Byhisorder,allhisslaveswerefreedwhenhedied.
GeorgeWashingtonatPrincetonbyartistCharlesWillsonPeale
Fromthebeginning,GeorgeWashingtonwascarefultoestablishagoodworkingrelationshipwiththeCongress.HedidnotattempttotakeawayanypowersgiventotheCongressbytheConstitution.Byhisactions,heconfirmedtheseparationofpowersofthethreebranchesofthegovernment,asproposedintheConstitution.
TheCongress,too,wasreadytocooperate.ItdidnotattempttotakeawayanypowersgiventothepresidentbytheConstitution.TheCongress,forexample,agreedthatPresidentWashingtonhadtherighttoappointhisassistants.ButCongresskepttherighttoapprovethem.
Washingtonaskedsomeofthenation'
swisestandmostablementoserveinthenewgovernment.
ForSecretaryofState,hechoseThomasJefferson.Atthetime,JeffersonwasAmerica'
srepresentativetoFrance.
WhileCongresswasconsideringJefferson'
snomination,WashingtonheardofthreateningeventsinFrance.HelearnedthatamobhadcapturedtheoldprisoncalledtheBastille.Washingtonwasworried.TheUnitedStateshaddependedonFranceforhelpduringitswarforindependence.AnditstillneededFrenchhelp.AcrisisinFrancecouldbebadforAmerica.
TheinformationJeffersonbroughthomewouldprovevaluableifthesituationinFrancegotworse.WashingtonalsothoughtJefferson'
sadvicewouldbeusefulingeneral,notjustonFrenchdevelopments.
ForSecretaryoftheTreasury,WashingtonchoseAlexanderHamilton.HamiltonhadservedasoneofWashington'
sassistantsduringtheRevolutionaryWar.
ForChiefJusticeoftheUnitedStates,hechoseJohnJay.JayhelpedwritetheFederalistPapers,whichareconsideredthebestexplanationoftheConstitutioneverwritten.TwodelegatestotheConstitutionalconventionwerenamedassociatejusticesoftheSupremeCourt:
JamesWilsonandJohnRutledge.
ForAttorneyGeneral,WashingtonwantedagoodlawyerandsomeonewhosupportedtheConstitution.HechoseEdmundRandolphofVirginia.ItwasRandolphwhoproposedtheVirginiaPlantothePhiladelphiaconvention.TheplanbecamethebasisforthenationalConstitution.Randolphrefusedtosignthedocument,becausehedidnotbelieveitcouldbeapproved.ButheworkedlatertohelpwinVirginia'
sapprovaloftheConstitution.
PresidentWashingtonnamedhisassistants,andtheCongressapprovedthem.Thepresidentwasreadytobeginworkonthenation'
surgentproblems.Andthereweremany.
OneproblemwasSpain'
scontrolofthelowerpartoftheMississippiRiver.Americanfarmersneededtousetherivertotransporttheircropstomarket.ButtheSpanishgovernorinLouisianaclosedtheMississippitoAmericanboats.
TherealsowereproblemswithBritain.TheUnitedStateshadnocommercialtreatywithBritain.AndBritainhadsentnorepresentativetothenewAmericangovernment.
Equallyurgentwerethenewnation'
seconomicproblems.Twomajorissueshadtobesettled.OnewasrepaymentofloansmadetosupporttheAmericanarmyinthewarforindependence.Theotherwascreationofanationalmoneysystem.Bothissuesneededquickaction.
FindingsolutionswouldbethejobofPresidentWashington'
streasurysecretary,AlexanderHamilton.AlexanderHamiltonwillbeourstorynextweek.
OurprogramwaswrittenbyHaroldBraverman.ThenarratorswereHarryMonroeandKayGallant.JoinusagainnextweekforTHEMAKINGOFANATION,anAmericanhistoryseriesinVOASpecialEnglish.Ourprogramsareonlinewithtranscripts,MP3sandpodcastsat.Youcanalsolearnaboutthehistoryoftheseriesitself.THEMAKINGOFANATIONwasfirstbroadcastinnineteensixty-nine,tenyearsafterVOAstartedSpecialEnglish.
___
Thisisprogram#27ofTHEMAKINGOFANATION
TheImaginationofAlexanderHamilton
HamiltonwantedtomaketheUnitedStatesastrongandimportantnation.HewantedittobecometheequalofthepowerfulnationsofEurope.Transcriptofradiobroadcast:
09April2008
WelcometoTHEMAKINGOFANATION–AmericanhistoryinVOASpecialEnglish.
TodaywebeginthestoryofAlexanderHamilton,oneofthenation'
smostimportantearlypolicymakers.
ThefirstgovernmentoftheUnitedStateswasweak.
Ithadmanydebtsandanemptytreasury.Itssupportfromthepeoplewasnotfirm.Therewassomequestionaboutitsfuture.Manywonderedifitwouldlast.
Inafewyears,however,therewasachange.Thischangewasproducedinlargepartbytheenergyandimaginationofoneman,AlexanderHamilton.HamiltonwantedtomaketheUnitedStatesastrongandimportantnation.HewantedittobecometheequalofthepowerfulnationsofEurope.
HereareShirleyGriffithandFrankOliverwithourstory.
VO
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Making of Nation
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)