大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Godofthesky;
ruleroftheTitans(RM:
goddessofagriculture)
Demeter
Ceres
Goddessofgrain
Dionysus
Bacchus
Godofwineandvegetation
Eros
Cupid
Godoflove
Gaea
Tellus
MotherEarth
Hades
Pluto
Godoftheunderworld;
lordofthedead
Hephaestus
Vulcan
Godoffire;
blacksmithofthegods
Hera
Juno
Goddessofmarriageandchildbirth;
protectorofmarriedwomen;
queenofthegods
Hermes
Mercury
Messengersofthegods;
protectoroftravelers,thieves,andmerchants
Hestia
Vesta
Guardianofthehome
Poseidon
Neptune
Godoftheseaandearthquakes
Rhea
Ops
WifeofCronus/Sarturn;
MotherGoddess
Uranus
fatheroftheTitans
Zeus
Jupiter
Rulerofthegods
四.名词解释(课后)20分
C1
1.delphic:
ItrelatestoDelphi.Itmeansambiguous.
2.Olypian:
ItrelatestoOlympianGods.Itmeansthatsomeoneislikeagod,especiallybybeingcalmandnotconcernedaboutordinarythings.
3.martial:
ItrelatestoMars.Itmeanssomethingconnectedwithwarandfighting.
4.nemesis:
ItrelatestoNemesis.Itmeansapunishmentthatisdeservedandcannotbeavoided.
5.titanic:
ItrelatestoTitans.Itmeanssomethingbig,strongandpowerful.
C2
1.Junoesque:
ItrelatestoJuno.ItmeanssomeoneiselegantandbeautifullikeJuno.
2.Argus-eyed:
ItrelatestoArgus.Itmeanssomeoneiswatchfulandalert.
3.satyr/satyriasis:
ItrelatestoSatyr.Itmeanssomeonethathasanabnormallyintensesexualdesireinmen.
4.mercurial:
ItrelatestoMercury.Itmeanshavingfeelingsthatchangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning.
C4
1.chaotic:
ItrelatestoChaos.Itmeansmessyanddisorder.
2.Pandora’sbox:
ItrelatestoPandora.Itmeanstherootoftroubles.
3.Promethean:
ItrelatestoPrometheus.ItmeansapersonwhoresemblesPrometheus.
C6
1.Dionysiac:
ItrelatestoDionysus.ItmeansSensuality,debauchery,andrevelry.
C7
1.Midas’/ass’sears:
ItrelatestoMidas.ItmeansAsecretthatcannotbehid.Italsomenassomeoneisshallowanduninformed.
2.Midas/thegoldentouch:
ItrelatestoMidas.Itmeanstouchingastoneandturningitintogold.
3.cuttheGordianknot:
ItrelatestoAlexander.Itmeanssolvingacomplexproblemwithaboldstrike.
C8
1.cereal:
ItrelatestoCeres.Itmeansgrains.
2.aureole:
ItrelatestoAurora.Itmeansabrightcircleoflight.
C9
1.Charon’sboat/ferry:
ItrelatestoCharon.Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
2.crosstheStyx:
Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
C12
1.gain/reap/win(one’s)laurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeansgainingone’shonors.
2.Looktoone’slaurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstoworkhardinordernottolosetheachievement.
3.rest/repose/retire/sit(back)onone’slaurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstosatisfywithwhatyouhaveachievedandstoptrying.
4.aNoble/poetlaureate:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstobeanoblepricewinner.
C13
1.cupidity:
ItrelatestoCupid.Itmeansaverystrongdesireforsomething.
2.erotic:
ItrelatestoEros.Itmeanssexualexcitement.
C14
1.Aphrodite’sgirdle:
ItrelatestoAphrodite.Itmeansunlimitedfemalesexuality.
2.adonis:
ItrelatestoAdonis.Itmeanssomeoneisahandsomeyoungman.
C16
1.Narcissism:
ItrelatestoNarcissus.Itmeansthehabitofalwaysthinkingaboutyourselfandadmiringyourself.
C17
1.Pygmalioneffect:
ItrelatestoPygmalion.Itisaphenomenoninwhichthegreatertheexpectationplaceduponpeople,thebettertheyperform.
C18
1.atlantean:
ItrelatestoAtalanta.Itmeansstrong,powerfulandgigantic.
2.Mountone’sPegasus:
ItrelatestoPegasus.Itmeanstowriteapoem.
3.achimerainone’sbrain:
ItrelatestoPerseus.Itmeansthefantasyinone’smind.
C20
1.thechoiceofHeracles:
ItrelatestoHeracles.Itmeanssomeoneisinadilemma.
2.CleansetheAugeanStable:
ItrelatestoAugeas.Itmeanstoremovesomethingtotally.
3.Herculeaneffort:
ItrelatestoHercules.Itmeansgreateffort.
C21
1.sowdragon’steeth:
Itmeanstoprovokewarbyspreadingdispute;
orcultivatewarriorsormonster.
2.aCadmean/Pyrrhicvictory:
ItrelatestoCadmus.Itmeansavictorythatcomesatagreatcost.
C22
1.sphinxriddle:
ItrelatestoSphinx.Itmeansapuzzlewhichisverydifficulttosolve.
C24
1.theappleofdiscord:
Itmeanstherootofthetroubleandanysubjectofpossibleofcontentionordisagreement.
2.Achilles’heel:
ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeansaweakpointinsomethingthatisotherwiseperfect.
3.hector:
ItrelatestoHector.Itmeanstointimidate
or
dominate
in
a
blustering
way.
4.AchillesandPatroclus:
ItrelatestoAchillesandPatroclus.Itmeansmalefriendship,aheroicfriendship.
5.FightlikeaTrojan:
Itmeanstofightwithgreatdetermination.
6.SulkylikeAchillesinhistent:
ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeanssulky.
7.aTrojanhorse:
Itmeansthehiddendanger.
8.Myrmidon:
Itmeansafaithfulfollowerwhocarriesoutorderswithoutquestion.
9.HelenofTrojan:
ItrelatestoHelen.Itmeanstherootofwar;
abeautywhoruinshercountry;
aterribledisasterbroughtbysomebodyorsomethingyoulikebest.
10.Greekgift:
Itmeansagiftwithevilpurposeoftheenemy;
agifttomurder.
五.简答题20分
1.WhatdidtheancientGreeksknowabouttheirworld?
TheGreeksbelievedtheearthtobeflatandcircular,theirowncountryoccupyingthemiddleofit,thecentralpointbeingeitherMountOlympus,TheearthisdividedintotwoequalpartsbytheSea.AroundtheearthflowedtheRiverOcean.
2.Towhichplaceweremortalsfavoredbythegodstakenwhentheydied?
TheAethiopians.
3.HowdidZeusdividetheruleoftheworldwithhisbrother?
Zeus’sportionwastheheavens,Poseidon’stheoceanandHades’stherealmsofthedead.
4.HowwasVenusmarriedofftoVulcan?
JupitergavehertoVulcan,ingratitudefortheservicehehadrenderedinforgingthunderbolts.
5.HowdidtheFatesmeteouthumandestiny?
Thethreegoddesseswereassigneddistincttask:
Clothospunthe“thread”ofhumanfate,LachesisdispenseditandAtroposcutit.
1.WhatwasZeus’usualwayofhidinghisscandals?
2.
HeraisedacloudtohidesomeofhisdoingsthatwouldnotbearthelightandHeturnedthegirlintoananimal.
3.Howdidthemusicalinstrument“panpipe”comeintobeing?
4.
PanfellinlovewithAnymphcalledSyrinx,whowasafaithfulworshipperofArtemis.Hechasedhertothebankofriver.Withthewaternymph’shelp,Syrinxwasturnedintoreeds.Panwassosadandhemadeaninstrumentwiththereeds,whichcalledSyrinx.Andthatisthepanpipe.
5.HowcanyouaccountforZeus’spromiscuity?
6.
ThepromiscuityofZeusservesmorethanentertainingpurposes.Itisoutofpoliticalpurpose.Menhaveapowerfulabilitytoreproduceinordertoreproducemoreoffspring,.Formostofthepeopleintheworldflowshisblood,isoneofthemethodscanhavemorefaithfulfollows.Andthenumberofthefaithfulfollowsdecidewhetherhisregimeisfirm.
1.WhatwasthedirectcauseofPrometheus’obtainingfireforman?
WhenEpimetheuscreatedman,hehadnothingleftforhim.
3.WhatattitudetowardwomenisshownthroughthestoryofPandora?
ThestoryshowstheancientGreeksthoughtwomenwereinferiorandaffiliatedtomen,andtheyweretherootevilandtrouble.
4.Whichageofmanappliestoourownage?
Pleaseelaborate.
IthinkweareintheIronAge.Peopleworkdayandnightandman’scharacterismorecomplex,thoughmixedwithkindness,butmoreevil.Humanwantstoruleeverything.Peoplenolongertrusteachother.Marriedpeopledonotloveeachother.Vowsareregardedasdust.Kindnessandjusticearenolongerseenasthenormofconduct,butmerelyviolence.
5.Howisthefirstwomanoftendescribedasa“lovelyevil”HowdoesshecomparewithEveintheBookofGenesis
Pandoraisdescribedasa“lovelyevil”becauseshewasthemostbeautifulandsweetestwoman,butsheopenedboxandmademanyevilthingsfree.
BothPandoraandEvearebeauties.Theyarealsodescribedastherootoftroublestotaketheblameforthemalesociety.Buttheywerecreatedoutofdifferentpurpose.PandorawascreatedasthecostofPrometheusstealingthefireforman.Shesymbolizesagreattemptationandhumanmisery.Eveisinferiorandaffiliatedtothemanandjustlikeaslaveandshewascreatedtohelpman.
7.WhydidZeustrytowithholdfirefromhumanbeings?
Becausefireisasymbolfortechnologyandcivilization.A
basic
distinction
myth
between
raw
&
cooked
and
wild
civilized.As
revenge
for
Prometheus'
earlier
theft
of
the
finest
sacrificial
portions.
By
withholding
fire,
Zeus
makes
division
sacrifice
impracticable.
The
humiliation
prompted
him
to
take
extreme
measure
fire
from
mankind,
without
which
man
would
soon
be
little
more
than
animals.
1.WhatledtoBacchus’wanderings?
Bacchus
invented
how
plant
grapes
brew
wine.
He
was
wandering
around
spread
this
kind
knowledge
bring
people
joy
drinking.
1.HowdidMidasacquirethepowerofturningeverythingtogold?
Because
Midas
rescued
Bacchus’steacher,
Slilenus,
treated
hospitably,
entertaining
ten
days
nights
with
an
unceasing
round
jollity.
In
return,
gave
the
power
turning
everything
gold.
1.WhatmadeHadesfallinlovewithProserpine?
As
signs
womanly
beauty
began
s
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