gre高频argument及提纲范文文档格式.docx
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gre高频argument及提纲范文文档格式.docx
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Thearticlearguesthatcompaniesshouldhirepeoplewhoneedlesssleepbecausetheseemployeesaremorelikelytosucceedbasedonasurveyof300advertisingexecutives.
Anumberofassumptionshavebeenmadeaboutthegeneralisabilityofthesurveyresult,thereliabilityofthereportedneedofsleepandotherrelatedissues.
Weneedtoexaminetheassumptionscarefullyinordertoassesstheargument.
Tobeginwith,theassumptionthatthesurveyresultscanbeappliedmorebroadlymaynotholdtrue.
Thesubjectsofthesurveyareallfromasingleindustry,namely,advertising.
Maybeitisimportantforpeopleinthisfieldtoburnthemidnight’soiltoprosper.
Butthisrulemaynotapplytootherindustries,forexample,insuranceormanufacturing.
Inaddition,thesurveyonlyaskstheexecutiveswhomayhavetoworkextrahourstoleadthecompanies.
Butforemployeesatlowerlevelsleepinglessmaynotbeveryhelpfulforachievingsuccess.
Inaddition,itisassumedthattheexecutivesactuallyneedlittlesleepasreportedinthesurvey.
Inotherwords,theassumptionisthatthesubjectsweretellingthetruthabouttheirlifestylesduringthesurvey.
Itispossiblethatthesurveyrespondentsjustwanttoimpressothersorshowtheirattitudestowardssleepwhenansweringthequestions.Withoutfurtherdatatoverifythereliabilityofthesurveyresults,itisnotreasonabletoapplythefindinginthehiringprocesses.
Anotherassumptionbeingmadeisthattheneedoflesssleepisthemainreasonwhytheexecutivesweresuccessful.Asweallknow,correlationdoesnotnecessarilyimplycausation.
Ahostofotherfactorsunrelatedtosleepmayhavecausedthesuccessoftheexecutives.Forexample,theymighthappentohaveagoodteamofpeopleworkingefficientlytowardstheirgoals.
Ortheywereluckyenoughtomeetsomeclientswhowerewillingtopayhigherfeeswhichboostedtheprofitmarginsandthegrowthrates.Withoutlookingintohowtheyachievedsuccess,itistoohastytoattributetheiraccomplishmentstotheirsleeppatterns.
Finally,itisalsoassumedthatexecutiveswithlessneedforsleepcansucceedinthelongterm.
Maybetheymanagetoaccomplishmorethantheirpeerswiththeirabilitiestosleepless.
Butwedonotknowhowtherelativelysmallamountofsleepwouldhaveanynegativeimpactontheirhealthandtheirperformanceinthelongterm.
Wealsodonotknowhowtheirlifestylesmayaffecttheoveralljobsatisfactionofthemselvesandtheirco-workers.
Iftheirabilitiestosleeplesswouldenablethemtoworkovertime,maybetheywouldalsoforcetheircolleaguestoworkovertime,whichmaynotbenefitthelong-termsuccessofacompany.
Inconclusion,itisnotreasonabletorecommendhiringpeoplewhoneedlesssleepbasedonthissurveyonarelativelysmallgroupofexecutivesfromasingleindustry.
Moreinformationisneededbeforewecanchecktheassumptionsdiscussedaboveandmakeamorereasonablehiringpolicy.
2.
WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"
Palean"
basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
Outline
focusonwhethertherivercouldbecrossedbypeoplewithoutanyhelp:
notsodeepandbroad;
frozeninwinter
discussthepossiblebridgesandboatswhichmightnotsurvivethetime
explorethepossibilityofthebasketsbeingcarriedbywater
Accordingtothisargument,thePaleanbasketsmayhavebeenmadebypeoplefromareasotherthanPaleaasthebasketshavebeenfoundintheadjacentvillage.Weneedmoreevidenceaboutgeographicalinformationofthearea,thetechnologiesofbuildingboatsandbridgesandthecharacteristicsofthebasketsinordertoevaluatetheargument.
Whiletheauthorassumesthatthebasketscouldonlyhavebeencarriedbyboatswhichhadnotbeenfound,thereareotherpossiblescenarios.
Forexample,maybetheriveratthetimewasnotasdeepandbroadasitisnow.
Iftheriverwasshallowandnarrow,peopleinPaleaandLithoscouldbetradingbasketsbywalkingacrosstheriver.
Ontheotherhand,maybetheweatherwasextremelycoldatthetimeandtheriverwasfrozenduringthewinter.
Againthepeoplefromthetwovillagescouldsimplywalkacrosstherivertotrade.
Soweneedmoreinformationaboutthegeographyandclimateintheareaatthetimetoassesshowlikelythescenariosdiscussedabovewere.
WealsoneedtoknowmoreaboutthetechnologiesofPaleanandLithoianpeopleatthetimeforbuildingboatsandbridges.
Specifically,wewanttoknowwhethertheywereabletobuildboatsandbridgesandiftheycouldwhatmaterialstheyused.
Maybetheycouldbuildboatsorbridgestocrosstheriverbutthematerialstheyusedcouldnotsurvivethetimeandleftnotracesforarchaeologiststolocate.
Theabsenceofanytangibletracesofboatsorbridgesdoesnotnecessarilyimplynoboatsorbridgeswereavailablethen.
Moreinformationregardingtheseissuesisneeded.
Anotherimportancepieceofevidenceweneedisthematerialsbeingusedtomakethebaskets.
Specifically,wewanttoknowwhetherthebasketscouldfloatinthewater.
ItispossiblethatsomeofthebasketshadbeendumpedbyPaleanpeopletotheriverandcarriedbythewatertotheothersideoftheriverandthenpickedupbyLithoianpeople.Toassesshowlikelythisscenariois,weneedtoknowthedensityofthematerialsofthebasketsalongwithsomeotherphysicalcharacteristics.
Inconclusion,itisdifficulttodecidewhetherpeoplefromLithosmayhavelearnedtomakethebaskets.
Moreinformationaboutdifferentissuesdiscussedabovehastobegatheredtoassessthestrengthoftheargument.
25分钟
conclusion;
PaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean;
othervillagescanproducesimilarbaskets
keyquestion:
arethenewlyfoundbasketslocallyproducedortransportedfromPalean
whethertheriverwasthatdeepandbroadatthetime
boatsfromothervillages?
whatmaterialswereavailableformakingboats;
cantheysurvive
possiblebridge?
tradingrelationship?
3.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'
sarcticregions.
Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.
Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.
Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.
Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthedeer'
sbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.
P1:
moreevidenceabouttheaccuracyofthehunters’reports
-whetherthehuntershadscaredawaythedeerwiththeirguns
-whetherthehuntershadvisitedtheareainaparticularpointintimewhenthedeerwerelessactive
-howmanyhuntershadreportedthedeerpopulation;
thenumberwassmall-lessreliable
P2:
moreevidenceabouttheseaiceinarcticregion
-whethertheseaiceinarcticregionhadmelted(globalwarmingtrenddoesnotmeanlocalwarming)
-whethermorefoodwasavailablenearthehabitatduetotheclimatechange(thennoneedtotravel)
P3:
evidencethatmayprovideotherexplanationsforthedeclineofdeerpopulation
-anypollutionthatmaythreatenthedeerpopulation
-overhunting
4.ThefollowingisalettertotheeditoroftheWaymarshTimes.
TraffichereinWaymarshisbecomingaproblem.Althoughjustthreeyearsagoastatetrafficsurveyshowedthatthetypicaldrivingcommutertook20minut
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