英国文学期末复习资料.docx
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英国文学期末复习资料.docx
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英国文学期末复习资料
1,OldEnglishLiterature(A.D.600-aboutA.D.1100)
Poetry:
Beowulf《贝尔伍夫》:
theauthorisunknown(Secularliterature世俗文学)
1,Hrothgar胡鲁斯加王,KingoftheDanes,andBeowulf,abraveyoungman,
2,thefirstgreatEnglishliterarywork,thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxonspassedfrommouthtomouthforhundredsyears,waswrittendowninthe10thcentury,
Features:
1,Eachhalflinehastwomainbeats.
2,Thereisnorhyme.Instead,eachhalflineisjoinedtotheotherbyalliteration头韵.
3,Thingsaredescribedindirectlyandincombinationsofwords.
4,Asisknown,theAnglo-SaxonswereChristianizedbytheendofthe7thcentury.
Majorthemes:
1.ThisepicpresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeoplewageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldrepresentedbyGrendel,hismotherandthefire-breathingdragonunderthewiseandmightyleader.
2.Thepoemconveysahopethattherighteouswilltriumphovertheevil.Beowulfstandsforallthatisgood,braveandproper,whilethemonstersstandforevil.
Prose:
Anglo-SaxonChronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史
1,writtenundertheencouragementandsupervisionofKingAlfredtheGreat(849-899)阿尔弗雷德大帝
2,anearlyhistoryofthecountrywhichbeginswithCaesar’sconquest凯撒征服andisamonument不朽的作品ofOldEnglishProse.
Aelfric埃尔弗里克(mostlyreligious):
HisprosestyleisthebestinOldEnglish.Andheusesalliteration头韵tojoinhissentencestogether.
2,MiddleEnglishLiterature(fromabout1100toabout1500)
NormanConquest(1066):
theEnglishVStheNormanarmies
place:
nearHastings黑斯廷斯
Result:
theleaderofEnglish,Harold,waskilled,Englishlostdecisivebattle
William,theConqueror,becametheKingofEngland
1.Politically,afeudalistsystem封建制度wasestablishedinEngland.(feudalism)
2.Religiously,theRomanCatholicChurchhadamuchstrongercontroloverthecountry.
3.GreatchangestookplaceintheEnglishlanguage.
4.TheconquestopenedupEnglandtothewholeEuropeancontinent,sothatwiththeintroductionofthecultureandliteratureofFrance,ItalyandotherEuropeancountriesafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilizationcameintoEngland.
Threelanguagesco-existedinEnglandduringthisperiod.:
French(theofficiallanguage):
King,Normanlords
Latin(theprincipaltongueofchurchaffairs):
clergymenandscholars
English:
commonpeople
Greateventsinthisperiod:
TheHundredYears’War(1337-1453)英法百年战争
TheBlackDeath(1348-1350)黑死病
Literature:
stronglyreflectstheprinciplesofthemedieval中世纪Christiandoctrines基督教教义,whichareprimarilyconcernedwiththeissueofpersonalsalvation自我拯救.
Theromance传奇文学;
GeoffreyofMonmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里:
英国历史学家
HistoryoftheKingsofBritain(inLatinProse)(不列颠诸王记)
Layamon莱亚门:
英国诗人
Brut《布鲁特》
ThomasMalory马洛礼:
MortD’Arthur(inEnglishprose)《亚瑟王之死》
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(anonymous匿名的,无名的,inEnglishverse)《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
Majorthemesof《高文。
。
。
。
》:
①thetestoffaith,courageandpurity(pointstothenobilityofthehero)
②thehumanweaknessforself-preservation
Ballads:
民歌,叙事诗歌
1,“BorderBallads”边境民谣,ontheEnglish英格兰-Scottish苏格兰border
2,RobinHood罗宾汉,37ballads,wholivedinNottinghamshire
3,Loveballads
4.Comicballads(dealswiththingsthathappenindomesticlife).E.g.GetUpandBartheDoor
5.Seaballads.E.g.SirPatrickSpens帕特·里克·司本斯爵士
Stylisticfeatureofballads:
1,Thesimplicityisreflectedbothintheverseform格律诗andthecolloquialexpressions口语化表达.
2,Balladsarecomposedinquatrains四行诗节,whichareknownastheballadstanza民谣体诗节,withtherhymeschemeofabcb,withthefirstandthethirdlinescarrying4accentedsyllablesandthesecondandthefourthcarrying3.
3,Therearegreatvariationsinthenumberofunstressedsyllables;andtherhymeisoftenapproximatewithassonance元音谐音andconsonance辅音谐音(halfrhyme)frequentlyappearing.
WilliamLangland威廉·兰格伦’sallegoricalnarrativepoem寓言的叙事诗:
PiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》)
1,waswrittenintheoldunrhymedalliterativeverse不押头韵的诗,
2,takestheformofadreamvision--afavoriteliterarydeviceofmedievalpoetry,andtheauthortellshisstoryundertheguiseof假借,伪装havingdreamedofit.
3,Inthiswork,thepoetbitterlysatirizescorruptionsamongtheclergyandthesecularauthorities,andupholds支撑,鼓励,赞成thedignityandvalueoflabor,personifiedbyPiersPlowman.Thepoemisalsoanallegory.
GeoffreyChaucer(1340?
-1400)
中古英语时期最伟大的诗人
thefounderofEnglishrealism
fatherofEnglishpoetry
⑤masteroftheEnglishlanguage
④thefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage
⑥themessenger先驱,送信者ofhumanism人文主义的使者
threestages:
1,Thefirstperiod(1359-1372):
RomanceoftheRose(玫瑰传奇)
TheBookoftheDuchess(悼公爵夫人),
2,Thesecondperiod:
influencedbyBoccaccio薄伽丘,(Decameron十日谈)
TroilusandCriseyde《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》(1385)thelongestcompletepoem
LegendofGoodWomen《良妇传说》
TheHouseofFame《名誉堂》
TheParlia
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