2102工商银行校园招聘 英语部分专项练习六Word格式.docx

2102工商银行校园招聘 英语部分专项练习六Word格式.docx

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thefunctionofdiscouragingburglarsorothercriminalsismorethanoffsetbyotherfactors.Firstcomethesuicides:

in1986,18,153peopleshotthemselvestodeath.Nooneonknowshowmanymighthavelivediftheyhadbeenunabletopickupagunandhowmanymighthavemerelychosenothermeanstoendtheirlives.Butsurelythepresenceofaloadedguninabureaudrawermusthavetemptedmany,particularteens,toyieldtoablackdepressionthatmighthaveliftedhadthemeanstocarryoutthedarkwishnotbeensoreadilyavailable.

Thencometheaccidentalshootings,manybyfoolishguyswhoneverbothertolearnhowtohandletheirweapons.Moreheartbreakingarethefrequentincidentsofchildrenpickinguptheirparents’gunsandfindingoutinthemostdisastrouswaythattheyarenottoys;

forexample,aneight-year-oldboywhoshothissix-year-oldsisterdeadlastweekinFairfax.Thentherearethequarrelsbetweenspouses,betweenparentsandtheirchildren,betweenneighborsandfriendsthatsuddenlyturnfatalbecauseoneorbothcanpickupagun.Policecommonlyestimatethatifahouseholdguniseverusedatall,itissixtimesaslikelytobefiredatamemberofthefamilyorafriendasatanintruder.（Itisevenmorelikely,saysDr.CarlBell,aChicagopsychiatrist,thatthegunwillbestolen;

gunareprimetargetsforburglarsbecausetheycanbeeasilyandprofitablysoldtoothercriminals.）Andfinally,intherelativelyrareshoot-outsbetweenhouseholdersandburglarsthatdooccur,itmighteasilybetheburglarwhoprovesmoreskilledinhandlinghisgunsandthehouseholderwhowindsupinmorgue（停尸房）.

Addingalltypesofdeathstogether,MercyandHouk,researchersfromtheAtlanta-basedCentersforDiseaseControl,pointoutthat“duringthelasttwoyears,thenumberofpeoplewhodiedofinjuriesinflictedbyfirearmsintheUnitedStatesexceededthenumberofcasualtiesduringtheentire8.5-yearVietNamconflict.”MercyandHoukjudgedthat“injuryfromfirearmsisapublic-healthproblemwhosetollisunacceptable.”

AnothergroupofresearcherspresentedevidencethatlaxU.S.gunlawsmightbetoblame.Theteam,headedbyemergencyroomsurgeonJohnHenrySloan,studiedapairofcitiesjust140milesapart:

SeattleandVancouver.Thetwocitieshadsimilarunemploymentrates,householdincomes,law-enforcementpoliciesandevenfavoriteTVshows.Twodifferences:

inCanada,handgunownershipistightlyrestricted;

inWashingtonState,gunsaremoreeasilypurchased.Andbetween1980and1986Seattlehad388homicides,vs.204Vancouver.

1.Accordingtomostexperts,possessingagun________.

A）cannotguaranteeyoursafety

B）doesmorethanassureyousafety

C）leadstomoresuicides

D）canonlyfrightenthieves

2.“Tocarryoutthedarkwish”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmeans_________.

A）killingoneself

B）shootingothers

C）yieldingtodepression

D）pickingupagun

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A）Manychildrenbecomethevictimsofplayingguns

B）Ahouseholdgunismorelikelytoaimatafamiliarperson

C）Accidentalshootingsoftenhappenwhenpeoplearequarrelling

D）Agunathomeisverylikelytobetakenawaybyburglars

4.Theword“lax”inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.

A）different

B）unrestricted

C）funny

D）notstrict

5.Theauthorcitesthetwocitiesasanexampletodemonstratethat________.

A）whatmattersistocarryoutthegunlaws

B）allstatesmusthavethesamegunlaws

C）gunownershipmustbestrictlyrestricted

D）gunlawshavelittleeffect

Passage2

EversinceDarwin’stheoryofevolution,biologistshaveassumedthatenvironmentsteemingwithcomplexformsoflifeservedasthenurseriesofevolution.ButtworecentpapersinSciencemagazinehaveturnedthatnotiononitshead.Lastmonthsomebiologistsreportedthatintheoceanitistherelativelybarrenareasthatserveas“evolutionarycrucibles（熔炉）,”notregionswithgreatdiversityofspecies.OtherresearchersannouncedthissummerthattheArctic,nottherainforest,spawnedmanyplantsandanimalsthatlatermigratedtoNorthAmerica.SaysJohnSepkoskioftheUniversityofChicago,“Harshenvironmentsmaybeproducingthemajorchangesinthehistoryoflife.”

These“changes”donotresultmerelyinalongertailorabiggerclawforanexistingspeciesbut,rather,indramaticleapsuptheevolutionaryladder—arareinnovationthatcomesalongonceinamillionyears.IntheArctic,reportsLeoHickeyofYaleUniversity,theinnovationsrantoformsneverbeforeseenonearth.Bydatingfossilsfrommanygeologiclayers,heconcludedthatlargegrazinganimalsfirstappearedintheArcticandmigratedtotemperateplacesacoupleofmillionyearsorsolater.Amongplants,speciesofredwoodandbirchoriginatedinpolarregionssome18millionsyearsbeforetheyshowedupinthesouth.Examiningfossilsasoldas570millionyears,Chicago’sSepkoskifoundthatshell-less,soft-bodiedcreaturesweresuddenlyreplacedbytrilobites（三叶虫）,thenbythemoreadvancedclam-likeanimals.Thesechanges,henotes,“firstbecomecommonnearshore.”Thatsurprisedhim—anenvironmentwithasfewspeciesasexistinthenearshore,andwithsuchapoorrecordofproducingnewspecies,seemsanunlikelyplaceforbiologicalinnovation.ButwhenJablonskidatedfossilsof100millionyearsago,hefoundthatduringthisera,too,thenearshorespawnedbiologicalbreakthroughs—moresophisticatedseacreaturesthatmoveandfindfoodinoceansedimentsinsteadofpassivelyfilteringwhateverfloatsby.

Thefindingsaretoonewtoapplytohumanevolution,butatfirstglancetheyseemtofitthefacts.Anthropologistsbelievethatourancestorsbecamefullyhumanonlyaftertheylefttheirsecurelifeinthetreesfortheharshworldofsavanna（plainwithouttrees）.There,thedemandingconditionstriggeredthatmosthumanoftraits,thelargebrain,andthemostprofoundevolutionarystepofallwastaken.

6.TworecentpapersinSciencemagazineclaimtohavefoundevidencewhichcontradictsthetraditionalnotionthat_______.

A）relativelyharshenvironmentsarethenurseriesofevolution

B）evolutionoccurredinregionswithbiologicaldiversity

C）newformsoflifecomeintobeinginnear-shoreareas

D）speciesofbirchandredwoodoriginatedinthesouth

7.AccordingtoLeoHickeyofYaleUniversity,whichofthefollowingmayhavespawnedmoreadvancedspeciesoflandanimals?

A）Thebarrenoceanfloor

B）TheArctic

C）Therainforest

D）TemperateZones

8.Theword“innovations”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.

A）NewtheoryB）NewphenomenonC）ChangesD）Newinventions

9.Howwouldanthropologiststakethenewfindings?

A）Theywouldlookatthemdubiously

B）Theywouldeagerlyapplythemtothestudyofhumanevolution

C）Theywouldchallengethem,thoughatfirstglancetheytendtolookatthemfavorably

D）Theywouldmostprobablythinkthenewfindingsfitwellintotheirtheory

10.Whichofthefollowingmaybeanappropriatetitleofthepassage?

A）Darwin’sTheoryModified

B）HowAnimalsEvolve

C）EvolutioninHardPlaces

D）WhereDidLargeSeaAnimalsOriginate

Passage3

Aclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasconductedbyapsychologist,JohnCalhoun.Ineachexperiment,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosure.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Attheendoftheexperiments,Calhounwasabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdied.Theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsidereddiseased,pathological（病理学的）.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdid.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowding.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely,avoidingcontactwithotherrats.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.

Thebehavioroftheratpopulationh