基础医学英语口语Word格式文档下载.docx
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基础医学英语口语Word格式文档下载.docx
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dE]n.紊乱。
dis-表示“否定,非”之意,order表示“顺序,秩序”,所以结合起来就是“紊乱”;
Condition:
这里用于表示“疾病”;
Overcome:
用作过去分词,与原形词形相同,表示“克服”。
Itisimportanttounderstandwhataffectssleepandtheimportanceofsleep.
Affect:
影响
Whilewesleep,ourbodiesareinactivebutourbrainsstayveryactive.Sleepaffectsdailyfunctioningandphysicalandmentalhealthinmanywaysthatresearchersarejustbeginningtounderstand.
Inactive:
不活跃的。
In-表示“否,非”的含义;
active表示“活跃的”。
Physical:
表示“身体上的”,其反义词为mental,“精神上的”。
Peopleusuallycyclethrough5phasesofsleep:
1.stage1-Drowsiness
2.stage2-LightSleep
3.stage3-DeepSleep
4.stage4–Slow-waveDeepSleep
5.Rapideyemovement,orREM
Drowsiness:
[5drauzinis]n.困倦,困乏,昏昏欲睡。
Drowsy是形容词,表示“困倦的,困乏的”,-ness是名词后缀,置于形容词后;
LightSleep:
浅睡眠;
DeepSleep:
深睡眠;
Slow-waveDeepSleep:
慢波睡眠。
Wespendalmost50%ofourtotalsleeptimeinstage2sleep,about20%inREMsleep,andtheremaining30%intheotherstages.Infants,however,spendnearly1/2oftheirsleeptimeinREMsleep.
Remaining:
余下的,剩下的,其余的;
Infants:
[5infEnt]n.婴儿。
Duringstage1,orlightsleep,wedriftinandoutofsleepandcanbeawakenedeasily.Oureyesmoveveryslowlyandmuscleactivityslows.Musclecontractionscalledhypnicmyocloniaareoftenprecededbyasensationofstartingtofall.Instage2sleep,eyemovementstopsandbrainwavesslow.
Drift:
漂流,漂移;
Contraction:
[kEn5trAkFEn]n.收缩;
Hypnic:
[`hIpnIk]adj.催眠的,使瞌睡的;
Myoclonia:
[7maiEu5klEuniE]n.肌阵挛。
my-或myo-表示“肌肉”之义;
clonia取自clonic,表示“阵挛的”,-a用在医学英语中表示“症状,病症”之意;
Sensation:
[sen5seiFEn]n.感觉,源于sense,“感觉,感官”;
brainwave:
脑电波。
Instage3and4,extremelyslowbrainwavesappear.Itisverydifficulttowakesomeoneduringstages3and4,whichtogetherarecalleddeepsleep.Thereisnoeyemovementormuscleactivity.
Extremely:
极端的。
Peopleawakenedduringdeepsleepdonotadjustimmediatelyandoftenfeelgroggyanddisorientedforseveralminutesaftertheywakeup.Somechildrenexperiencebedwetting,nightterrors,orsleepwalkingduringdeepsleep.
Adjust:
调整以适应;
Groggy:
摇摇晃晃的,头昏眼花的,东倒西歪的;
Disoriented:
rientId]adj.分不清方向的;
构词法同disorder。
Orient做及物动词,表示“确定方向”,disorient构成其反义词,表示“摸不清方向,使……迷失方向”,-ed是一个形容词后缀,往往用在动词或名词后;
Bedwetting:
尿床。
Bed表示“床”,wet表示“打湿,弄湿”,结合起来就是“尿床”;
-ing用在动词后,构成动名词,即“……的事件或情况”;
Sleepwalking:
梦游。
Sleep表示“睡眠”,walk表示“行走”;
-ing用在动词后,构成动名词,即“……的事件或情况”。
DuringREMsleep,ourbreathingbecomesmorerapid,irregular,andshallow.Oureyesjerkrapidlyinvariousdirections,andourlimbmusclesbecometemporarilyparalyzed.Ourheartrateincreases,ourboldpressurerises,andmalesdeveloppenileerections.WhenpeoplewakeupduringREMsleep,theyoftendescribebizarreandillogicaldreams.
Irregular:
不规则的。
ir-表示“不,非”;
regular表示“规则的”;
Jerk:
抽动;
Limb:
肢体,四肢;
Paralyze:
[5pArElaIz]vt.使瘫痪,使麻痹。
paralytic[7pArE5litik]adj.瘫痪的n.瘫痪病人;
paralysis[pE5rAlisis]n.瘫痪,麻痹;
Penile:
[`pi:
naIl]adj.阴茎的;
Erection:
[i5rekFEn]n.勃起;
Bizarre:
[bi5zB:
]adj.奇异的。
Acompletesleepcycletakesbetween90-110minutes.ThefirstsleepcyclesofthenightcontainshortREMperiodsandlongperiodsofdeepsleep.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepincreasesinlengthwhiledeepsleepdecreases.Bymorning,nearlyallsleeptimeisinstages1,2,andREM.
Progresses:
延续,持续。
IfREMsleepisdisturbed,ourbodiesdonotfollowthenormalsleepcyclethenexttimewedozeoff.Instead,weoftenslipdirectlyintoREMsleepandgothroughlongperiodsofREMuntilwe“catchup”onthisstageofsleep.
dozeoff:
打盹。
例句:
I'
vedozedoffforaboutanhour.我大概小睡了一个小时。
Doze也可以做名词,表示“打瞌睡”;
gothrough:
经历;
catchup:
弥补。
Theamountofsleepeachpersonneedsdependsonmanyfactors,includingage.Babiesgenerallyneedabout16hoursaday,whileteenagersneedabout9hoursaday.
Teenager:
青少年。
Formostadults,7-8hoursanightappearstobethebestamountofsleep,althoughsomepeoplemayonlyneed5hoursorasmanyas10hourseachday.
Apersonneedsmoresleepifheorshehasnotgottenenoughsleepinpreviousdays.Lackofsleepcreatesa“sleepdebt”whichismuchlikebeingoverdrawnatabank.Eventually,yourbodywilldemandthatthedebtberepaid!
Previous:
以前;
Overdraw:
透支。
Over-表示“超过”;
draw表示“取出,支取”,所以去银行取钱就可以用该词;
Eventually:
最终,最后。
Peopledonotsuccessfullyadapttosleepinglessthannecessary.Althoughpeoplecangetusedtoasleep-deprivedschedule,theirjudgment,reactiontime,andotherfunctionswillbeimpaired.
adaptto:
适应,习惯;
deprive:
剥夺。
Manystudiesshowthatsleepdeprivationisdangerous.Sleep-deprivedpeoplewhoaretestedwithadrivingsimulatororhand-eyecoordinationtasksperformaspoorlyorworsethanpeoplewhoareintoxicated.
Deprivation:
deprive的名词性形式;
Simulator:
模拟;
hand-eyecoordination:
手眼协调;
intoxicated:
醉酒的,喝醉的。
In-表示“处于/在……(状态)中”,toxic表示“有毒的,中毒的”。
Sleepdeprivationalsomakestheeffectsofalcoholworse.Atiredpersonwhodrinkswillbecomemuchmoreimpairedthansomeonewhoiswellrested.
Benefits
优势
Eventhoughscientistsarestilllearningexactlywhypeopleneedsleep,studiesshowthatsleepisnecessarytosurvive.Forexample,ratsnormallylivefor2-3yearsbutinstudies,thosedeprivedofREMsleepsurviveonlyabout5weeks.Ratsdeprivedofallsleepstagesliveonlyabout3weeks!
Survive:
生存。
Sleepdeprivationhasbadeffectsontheimmunesystem.Sleepisalsonecessaryinorderforthenervoussystemtoworkproperly.
Have……effectson:
对……产生……的影响;
immunesystem:
免疫系统;
nervoussystem:
神经系统。
Toolittlesleepleavesusdrowsyandunabletoconcentrate.Italsoleadstomemoryproblems,clumsiness,anddecreasedabilitytocarryoutmathcalculations.
Ifsleepdeprivationcontinues,hallucinationsandmoodswingsmaydevelop.
Concentrate:
集中注意力;
memoryproblems:
记忆力出现问题;
clumsiness:
笨拙;
carryout:
执行;
mathcalculation:
数学计算;
hallucination:
[hElu:
si5neiFEn]n.(因为精神错乱火药无反应而产生)幻觉;
moodswing:
情绪波动。
Swing表示“摇摆”。
Deepsleepinchildrenandyoungadultsisrelatedtoanimportantgrowthhormone.Manybodycellsregenerateduringdeepsleep.Theygrowandrepairdamagecausedbystressandultravioletrays.Thisiswhydeepsleepmaytrulybe“beautysleep.”
growthhormone:
生长激素;
regenerate:
[ri5dVenErit]v.新生,再生;
ultravioletray:
紫外线。
Ultra-表示“极端,过度”之义;
violet表示“紫罗兰,紫色的”。
SleepDisorders
睡眠紊乱
Therearemorethan70differentsleepdisorders.Mostofthemcanbemanagedsuccessfullyoncetheyarediagnosed.
Diagnose:
[5daiE^nEuz]v.诊断。
Themostcommonsleepdisordersare:
-insomnia
-sleepapnea
-restlesslegssyndrome,orRLS
-narcolepsy
Insomnia:
[in5sCmniE]n.失眠。
In-表示“否定,非”的含义,somni-表示“睡眠”之义,-a在医学中表示“症状,病症”之义;
Apnea:
[Ap5ni:
E]n.呼吸暂停
restlesslegssyndrome:
不宁腿综合症,简称RLS,是一种常见的感觉运动障碍性疾病,患者在睡眠和安静时出现下肢难以名状的不适感,迫使捶打、活动双腿或下床走动以缓解症状。
主要症状是小腿难以名状的异常感觉。
多在夜晚睡觉时出现,午夜与凌晨3点为多发高峰,典型主诉为骨头内或肌肉深部不适感,以腓肠肌最为明显,也有酸胀感、烧灼感、蚁走感、紧箍感和撕裂感。
症状最初出现在一条腿上,持续时间短不适感较轻,数年后累及另一条腿,症状持续,难以忍受,有强迫性动作和不安,捶打或下床活动能暂时缓解。
restless[5restlis]adj.得不到休息的,不平静的;
syndrome[5sindrEum]n.综合病症,症候群;
narcolepsy:
[5nB:
kE7lepsi]n.发作性睡眠症。
Narco-表示“陶醉,对……上瘾”的含义。
Insomnia
失眠
Alotofpeopleexperienceshort-terminsomniaoccasionally.
Occasionally:
偶然地,偶尔地
Forshort-terminsomnia,doctorssometimesprescribesleepingpills.Mostsleepingpillsstopworkingafterseveralweeksofnightlyuseandlong-termusecaninterferewithgoodsleep.
sleepingpills:
安眠药;
interferewith:
阻碍,干扰。
Manypeoplewhosufferfrominsomniatrytosolvetheproblemwithalcohol.
Whilealcoholdoeshelppeoplefallintolightsleep,italsokeepsthemfromhavingREManddeepstagesofsleep.
Keep…from(doing):
阻止,妨碍。
HeavysmokersoftensleepverylightlyandhavelessREMsleep.Theyalsotendtowakeupafter3or4hoursofsleepduetonicotinewithdrawal.
Nicotine:
[5nikEti:
n,-tin]n.烟碱,尼古丁;
Withdrawal:
[wiT5drC:
El]n.收回,撤退,源于动词withdraw。
Mildinsomniacanoftenbepreventedorcuredbypracticinggoodsleephabits.Researchersareexperimentingwithlighttherapyandothertreatmentoptionsformoreseriouscasesofinsomnia.
Mild:
轻微的,severe的反义词;
Cure:
治疗,治愈;
Therapy:
[5WerEpi]n.治疗,疗法。
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