科技英语语法部分2Word文件下载.docx

科技英语语法部分2Word文件下载.docx

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astudy]

作一介绍[描述；

说明]

giveanintroduction[adescription;

anexplanation]

（2）Someverbs,adjectives,andnounsmustgowithdefiniteprepositions.

Laserbeamsaresentatthemoon.

send

point

aimrush[冲向]

（vt.）shoot…at～（vi.）fireat～[向…开火]

emitshout[朝…欢呼]

throw

（be）representativeof=represent

（be）descriptiveof=describe

（be）characteristicof=characterize

（be）indicativeof=indicate

（be）symptomaticof=symptomize[symptomatize]

Emphasisshouldbelaidonthecollocationofanounwithapreposition,whichmaypresentmuchdifficultytotheChinesestudents,especiallyinwriting.

①Afixedprepositiongoesbeforeorafteranoun.

ⅰ.Beforeanoun

无线电波向四面八方传播。

Radiowavestravelinalldirections.

为此目的，大学生必须至少掌握一门外语。

Forthispurpose[Tothisend],collegestudentsmusthaveagoodcommand[mastery]ofatleastoneforeignlanguage.

Atthistemperature,themetalmelts.

onalargescale（大规模地）

toagreat[large]extent[point,degree]（在很大程度上）

in（a）great[large]measure（在很大程度上）

atarate（以某一速率）

atapoint（在某一点上；

在某一时刻）

●ataconference[meeting]（在会上）

ⅱ.Afteranoun

他们在参加移动通讯国际会议。

Theyareattendinganinternationalconferenceonmobilecommunications.

王教授是雷达专家。

ProfessorWangisanexpertin[on]radar.

theanswer[key]to[for]（aproblem）

thesolutionto[of,for]（aproblem）

theprefaceto（abook）

anexceptionto（arule）

theresearchon[into;

with;

for]imageprocessing

thecurrentthrough（acomponent）

thevoltageacross（acomponent）

atangentto…

acorrectionfor[to;

of]

increase[decrease;

rise;

fallreduction;

variation]in[of]…

condition[requirement;

algorithm,technique,method;

language;

skill,equation;

expression]for…

②Animportantformatofwordcollocation★（whichhasfixedpatternsofitstranslationintoChinese）

Format:

nounofAprepositionB

[AandBherearealsonouns.]

whichcanbefurtherclassifiedasthefollowingthreesub-classes:

ⅰ.The“noun”isanordinaryabstractnoun.

Translationpattern:

“A。

。

B的～”

“月球离地球中心的距离为二十四万英里。

”

Thedistanceofthemoonfromthecenteroftheearthis240,000miles.

“温度对半导体电阻的影响必须考虑进去。

Theeffectoftemperatureon[upon]theresistanceofsemiconductorsmustbetakenintoaccount.

“本节论述AC与DC相比的一些优点（advantage）。

ThissectiondealswiththeadvantagesofACoverDC.

“月亮对地球的吸引力（attraction）引起了潮汐（tide）。

Theattractionofthemoonfortheearthcausesthetides.

theratioofAtoB

theeffectofAon[upon]B

thesuperiorityofAtoB

therelationshipofAtoB

theattraction（引力）ofAforB

thesusceptibilityofAtoB

thesensitivityofAtoB

theapplicabilityofAtoB

perpendicularityofAtoB

theimmunityofAto[from]B

familiarityofAwithB

ⅱ.The“noun”comesfromanintransitiveverb,inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalsubjectofthelogicalactionexpressedbythe“noun.”

Thiscurveshowsthedependenceoftheoutputon[upon]theinput.

Thecontrolengineerisusuallyinterestedintheresponseofacontrolsystemtounitstep（单位阶跃）,ramp（斜波）,andparabolic（抛物）functions.

Theinteractionoftheballwiththegroundiscalledfriction.

●Thissectiondealswiththeactionofanacid（酸）on

metal.

●Considerfirstthecollisionofasinglemoleculewith

thepiston（活塞）.

“图1画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。

Fig.1showsthevariationofcurrentwithimpedance.

asafunctionofimpedance

againstimpedance

versus[vs.]impedance.

thepassageofAthroughB

themotionofAround[around]B

thedepartureofAfromB

thedeviationofAfromB

thereactionofAtoB

theinteractionofAwithB

***Aspecialcase:

rise

fall

theincreasein[of]AwithB“A随B的～”

decrease

reduction

Agradualincreaseinresistancewithspeedischaracteristicoffrictionbetweentheboat’sbottomandthewater.

ⅲ.The“noun”comesfromatransitiveverb,inwhichcase“A”isthelogicalobjectoftheactionexpressedbythe“noun.”

Translationtechnique:

The“noun”isputintoatransitiveverbsothatthe“V-O”patternisused.

Insolvingtheproblem,theresolution（分解）ofthisforceintox-andy-components（分量）isnecessary.

Thedefinition（定义）ofelectriccurrentasaflowofchargeisfamiliartoallofus.

Theseparation（分开）ofaluminum（铝）fromitsore（矿）wasverydifficultatthattime.

Inthiscase,exposure（使暴露）ofthebody（人体）tosunlighthelpstoovercomeanemia（贫血）andstimulate（刺激）metabolism（新陈代谢）.

Themostfamiliarexampleistheattractionofironorsteelobjectstoapermanentmagnet.

TherelationofEq.（7-21）toEq.（7-22）isshowninFig.8.

acomparisonofAwithB

thetransformationofAinto[to]B

theuseofAasB

theexposureofAtoB

theseparationofAfrom[into]B

theprotectionofAfromB

theisolationofAfromB

thetransferofAtoB

theconversionofAto[into]B

OneMorePattern:

noun（fromvt.）ofA[logicalobject]byB[logicalsubject]

WhatisthedateofthediscoveryofAmericabyColumbus?

Theformulation（确立）ofthetheoryofrelativity（相对论）byEinsteinwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury.

NielsBohr,in1913,firstappliedtheseideastotheemissionoflightbyatoms.

***************************************************

E/Ctranslationexerciseinclass:

1.Thesecondandsubsequent（随后的）flip-flops（触发器）toggle（翻转）atfrequenciesone-halforlessthatofthefirst.

2.Inthiscaseitisnecessarytomovethebinarypoint（二进位点）nplacestotheleft.

3.IfthebasicrelationIC=IBweretohold（成立）here,weshouldhaveIC=100mA,andVCE=10–100=–90V,animpossiblesituation.

4.Itispossibletoproduceaninterferencepattern（干涉特性图）byusingtwoidentical（相同的）lasers,somethingthatcannotbedonewithordinarylightsources.

5.Faraday（法拉第）wasunabletocalculatethevelocityofpropagation（传播）ofelectromagneticwaves（电磁波）,ataskwhichrequiredthemathematicalprecision（精度）ofMaxwell（麦克斯韦）,whichFaradayentirelylacked（缺乏）.

6.Thispropertyjustifies（使…正当）ourchoiceoftheaboveconstant（常数）aspositive.

7.Theimportanceofthisdeviceinmoderncommunicationssystemsislargelyduetoitsrealization（实现）asanintegratedcircuit（集成电路）.

8.Addressingmodes（寻址方式）aresometimescomputerspecific.

II.SentenceMembers

Thefollowingpointsmaybeimportant.

1.Positionsofanappositive（PayattentiontoitstranslationintoChinese.）

（1）normalpositions

①▲immediatelyfollowedby

②★setoffbyacommafrom

noun③setoffbyacolonfromappositive

④setoffbyadashfrom

⑤setoffbyanintroducingwordorphrasefrom

（namely,thatis,suchas,forexample,...）

Theterm"

sensitivity"

（灵敏度）isoftenusedinradioengineering.

Theword“radar”comesfromRAdioDetectionAndRanging.

Therigidbody（刚体）,abodywithaperfectlydefiniteandunchangingshape,isitselfanidealizedmodel.

Arithmetic（算术）,thescienceofnumbers,isthebaseofmathematics.

Thedecibelisonetenthofabel,aunitnamedafterAlexanderGrahamBell.

[Inthelastthreeexamples,theappositiveisoftentranslatedintoaseparatesentence.]

Saltwater（盐水）,amixture,ismadeupoftwocompounds（化合物）,saltandwater.

（2）specialpositions（asummary）

①appositive,subject～

②～,appositive（anounphrase）

[Theappositiveistranslatedintoaseparatesentence.]

2.Parentheticclause“插入句”（ParenthesiswithanS-Vstructure）—whichmayappearinthemainclauseandinsub-clauses（mainlyinarelativeclause）

***Aruleforitsjudgment:

Itsbeingcrossedoutwon’taffectthemeaningandthestructureofthewholesentence.

（1）inthemainclause

Livingthingstoo,itnowseemscertain,obeythelaws

ofphysicsandchemistry.[≈Itnowseemscertainthat….]

√-1√-1,itwasagreed,shouldbereplaceable（可替换的）atwill（随意地）by–1.[≈Itwasagreedthat～.]

Thedensity（密度）ofasubstance,werecall,isitsmass（质量）perunitvolume（体积）.

●Thisband（能带）,itisimportanttorealize,ishalf-filled（半满的）.

（2）inthesub-clause

LastyearRCAdemonstratedanewtechniqueforawall-hungTVthatitwaspredictedwouldbeontheconsumermarket“closeto1990.”

Themachineseemstodomanytaskswhichonewouldhavethoughtrequiredintelligence.

Thefollowingtablelists（列出了）someofthewaysIfeelthebookmaybeusedtoteacheitherundergraduatesorgraduatestudents（本科生或研究生）.

Oneofthemajorproblemswhichfacedmeinwritingthisbookwas“digesting”（消化）thevastliterature（文献）oncomputer-basedlibrarysystemsandpresentingitinwhatIhopeisaclearandconcisemanner.

[Chaplin（卓别林）wascriticizedfornotbeinganAmericancitizenandforhispoliticalviews,whichsomepeoplethoughtleanedtoward（倾向于）communism（共产主义）.]

●Youarerequiredtomakeanysimplifyingassumptionsyouthinkarejustified（证明是合理的）.

[内含式定语从句]

（3）using“say=letussay”orsometypeof“what-clause”

Aresistorofsay100ohmsmaybeconnectedacrossC2.

Theatomicnumberisequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotonspernucleus.

Nowlettheobjectandthereferenceaxesberotated90oclockwiseor,whichamountstothesamethin