大学英语初级听力文本Unit1819Word格式.docx
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大学英语初级听力文本Unit1819Word格式.docx
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I'
dliketowelcomeourfirstguest,ProfessorMarvinBurnhamoftheNewEnglandInstituteofTechnology.ProfessorBurnham.
Prof.Burnham:
Well,weareinanenergycrisisandwewillhavetodosomethingquickly.Fossilfuels(coal,oilandgas)arerapidlyrunningout.Thetragedyisthatfossilfuelsarefartoovaluabletowasteontheproductionofelectricity.Justthinkofallthethingsyoucanmakefromoil!
Ifwedon'
tstartconservingthesethingsnow,itwillbetoolate.Andnuclearpoweristheonlyrealalternative.Wearegettingsomeelectricityfromnuclearpowerstationsalready.Ifweinvestinfurtherresearchnow,we'
llbereadytofacethefuture.There'
sbeenalotofprotestlatelyagainstnuclearpower—somepeoplewillprotestatanything—butnuclearpowerstationsarenotasdangerousassomepeoplesay.It'
sfarmoredangeroustoworkdownacoalmineoronaNorthSeaoil-rig.Safetyregulationsinpowerstationsareverystrict.
Ifwespentmoneyonresearchnow,wecoulddevelopstationswhichcreatetheirownfuelandburntheirownwaste.Inmanypartsoftheworldwheretherearenofossilfuels,nuclearpoweristheonlyalternative.Ifyouacceptthatweneedelectricity,thenwewillneednuclearenergy.Justimaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifwedidn'
thaveelectricity—noheating,nolighting,notransport,noradioorTV.Justthinkaboutthewaysyouuseelectricityeveryday.Surelywedon'
twanttogobacktotheStoneAge.That'
swhatwillhappenifweturnourbacksonnuclearresearch.
Host:
Thankyou,Professor.OurnextguestisamemberofCANE,theCampaignAgainstNuclearEnergy,JenniferHughes.
JenniferHughes:
Right.ImustdisagreetotallywithProfessorBurnham.Let'
slookatthefacts.First,thereisnoperfectmachine.Imean,whydoaeroplanescrash?
Machinesfail.Peoplemakemistakes.Whatwouldhappeniftherewereaseriousnuclearaccident?
Andanaccidentmustbeinevitable—soonerorlater.Hugeareaswouldbeevacuated.Andtheycouldremaincontaminatedwithradioactivityforyears.Ifithappenedinyourarea,youwouldn'
tgetapennyincompensation.Noinsurancecompanycoversnuclearrisks.Thereareaccidents.Ifthenuclearindustrydidn'
tkeepthemquiet,therewouldbeapublicoutcry.Radioactivitycausescancerandmayaffectfuturegenerations.Next,nuclearwaste.Thereisnotechnologyforabsolutelysafedisposal.Someofthiswastewillremainactiveforthousandsofyears.Isthatwhatyouwanttoleavetoyourchildren?
Andtheirchildren'
schildren?
Areactoronlylastsabout25years.Bytheyear2000we'
llhave'
retired'
26reactorsintheUK.
Next,terrorism.Terroristscouldholdthenationtoransomiftheycapturedareactor.IntheUSAtheSavannahRiverplant,andProfessorBurnhamknowsthisverywell,lost(yes,'
lost'
)enoughplutoniumbetween1955and1978tomake18(18!
)atombombs.Whereisit?
Who'
sgotit?
Iconsiderthatnuclearenergyisexpensive,dangerous,andevil,andmostofall,absolutelyunnecessary.ButDr.Woodstockwillbesayingmoreaboutthat.
ThankyouJennifer.NowI'
mverypleasedtowelcomeDr.CatherineWoodstock.Sheistheauthorofseveralbooksonalternativetechnology.
CatherineWoodstock:
Hello.I'
dliketobeginbyagreeingwithJennifer.Wecandevelopalternativesourcesofpower,andunlesswetrywe'
llneversucceed.Insteadofburningfossilfuelsweshouldbeconcentratingonmoreeconomicusesofelectricity,becauseelectricitycanbeproducedfromanysourceofenergy.Ifwedidn'
twastesomuchenergy,ourresourceswouldlastlonger.Youcansavemoreenergybyconservationthanyoucanproduceforthesamemoney.Unlesswedoresearchonsolarenergy,windpower,wavepower,tidalpower,hydroelectricschemesetc,ourfossilfuelswillrunout,andwe'
llallfreezeorstarvetodeath.Othercountriesarespendingmuchmorethanusonresearch,anddon'
tforgetthatenergyfromthesun,thewavesandthewindlastsforever.Wereallywon'
tsurviveunlesswestartworkingoncleaner,safersourcesofenergy.
Thankyouverymuch,Dr.Woodstock.Ourfinalspeaker,beforeweopenthediscussiontothestudioaudience,isCharlesWicks,MP,theMinisterforEnergy.
CharlesWicks:
vebeenlisteningtotheotherspeakerswithgreatinterest.Bytheway,Idon'
tagreewithsomeoftheestimatesofworldenergyreserves.Moreoilandgasisbeingdiscoveredallthetime.Ifwelistenedtothepessimists(andtherearealotofthemabout)noneofuswouldsleepatnight.Intheshortterm,wemustcontinuetorelyonthefossilfuels—oil,coalandgas.Butwemustalsolooktothefuture.Ourpolicymustbeflexible.Unlesswethoughtnewresearchwasnecessary,wewouldn'
tbespendingmoneyonit.Afterall,theGovernmentwouldn'
thaveaDepartmentofEnergyunlesstheythoughtitwasimportant.Thebigquestioniswheretospendthemoney—onconservationofpresentresourcesoronresearchintonewformsofpower.ButI'
mfairlyoptimistic.Iwouldn'
tbeinthisjobunlessIwereanoptimist!
Task1:
TheYearstoCome(I)
MalCarrington:
Goodmorning.Welcometo"
TheyearstoCome"
.I'
mMalCarrington,andeveryweekatthistimeChannel5bringsyouinformationonlifeinthefuturefromanexpertinthefield.
Today'
sexpertisDrReginaldHealyfromMIT,thefamousMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Goodmorning,DrHealy.WelcometoTheyearstocome.
DrHealy:
Thankyou.
Well,whatareyourpredictionsabouttheworld?
Whatisitgoingtobelikeintheyear2000?
Hum,ifpresenttrendscontinue,I'
mafraidtheworldin2000willbemorecrowdedandmorepollutedthantheworldweliveinnow.
Yes,however,foodproductionisconstantlyincreasing.Don'
tyouthinkwewillbeabletocopewiththeincreaseinworldpopulation?
Idon'
tthinkso.Eventhoughproductionisconstantlyincreasing,thepeopleoftheworldwillbepoorerthantheyaretoday.Forhundredsofmillionsofthedesperatelypoor,thesupplyoffoodandothernecessitiesoflifewillnotbeanybetter.Andformanytheywillbeworse,unlessthenationsoftheworlddosomethingtochangethecurrenttrends.
WhatisyourestimateofworldpopulationinAD2000.
Well,already,worldpopulationisabout5,000million.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thatiswiththenumberofbirthsbyfarexceedingthenumberofdeathsin2000theworldpopulationcouldapproach6,500millionpeople.
Howmanypeopleareborneveryday?
About250everyminute,butonly100peopledie.Thismeansthereisanincreaseof216,000peopleperday,andninetypercentofthisincreaseisinthepoorestcountries.
That'
sworrying!
Andwhataboutenergy?
Willtherebeenoughoiltosatisfyourneedsintheyear2000?
Duringthe1990s,worldoilproductionwillreachthemaximumandthepriceofoilwillbegintoincrease.Attheendofthecentury,theavailablesupplieswillnotbesufficientforourneeds.Soatleastpartoftheseneedswillhavetobemetbyalternativesourcesofenergy.
Yes,waterisbecomingaproblemtoo.
Yes,unfortunately.Watershortagewillbecomemoresevereinthefuture,andduetotheincreaseofbirthstherewillbeenoughwateronlyforhalfofthepopulation.
Whichofthepresenttrendsdoyouthinkwillcontinueoverthenextdecade?
Well,significantlossoftheworld'
sforestswillcontinueoverthenexttenyearsasthedemandforwoodforfuelandmanufacturersincreases.Alsoatmosphericconcentrationofcarbondioxideandotherchemicalsisexpectedtoincreaseatratesthatcouldaltertheworld'
sclimateduetothe'
greenhouseeffect'
.
The'
?
Couldyouexplainwhatthe'
is?
Sure.Well,theamountofcarbondioxideintheairisprogressivelyincreasingandittrapsmoreoftheheatofthesunintheloweratmosphere.Thishasawarmingeffectwhichcouldchangetheclimateandevenmeltthepolaricecaps,whichwouldcausedisastrousflooding.
Isee.Isthistheonlyeffectofcarbondioxide?
No,itisn'
t.Carbondioxideandotherchemicalswhichderivefromtheuseoffossilfuelswillalsoincreasethequantityofacidrainwhichisalreadydamagingorevendestroyingplants,treesandotherpartsofourenvironment.Also,therewillbeadramaticincreaseinthenumberofspeciesbecomingextinct.Hundredsofthousandsofspecieswillbelostbecauseofthelossoftheirhabitat.
sappalling!
Whataboutnuclearplants?
Aren'
ttheyaconstantmenacetolifeonourplanet?
Definitely.Andapartfromthemoreobviousdangerofaccidents,liketheoneatChemobyl,there'
stheproblemofthedisposalofnuclearwaste,thatisthewastewhichisproducedbynuclearpowerstations.
Oh,yes.Iknowthatsomeofthematerialskeeptheirradioactivityforhundredsorthousandsofyears.
Yeah,forexample,strontium90needsstoringfor500years,beingkeptcoolallthetime.Plutonium-239mayneedstoring
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