《英国文学史》复习思考题附答案Word格式文档下载.docx
- 文档编号:21434808
- 上传时间:2023-01-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:31.65KB
《英国文学史》复习思考题附答案Word格式文档下载.docx
《《英国文学史》复习思考题附答案Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《英国文学史》复习思考题附答案Word格式文档下载.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
15.ATaleofTwoCities16.Tessofthed’Urberviles
17.Ulysses18.SilasMarner
19.DonJuan20.OdetotheWestWind
II.Definethefollowingliteraryterms.(20)
1.IambicPentameter2.HeroicCouplet
3.CourtlyLove4.LiteratureoftheAbsurd
5.Ballad6.BlankVerse
7.Comedy8.Anti-hero
III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.(20)
1.WhatisthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople?
Andwhatwasthemostfamousmedievalromance?
2.WhoweretheLakePoets?
3.WhatisMetaphysicalpoetry?
4.WhataremajorwomenwritersinEnglishliterature?
5.WhatwasWordsworth’sdefinitionforpoetry?
6.WhatisArtforArt’sSake?
IV.Readthefollowingpoemandtrytounderstandandexplainit.(20)
Tobe,ornottobe:
thatisthequestion:
Whether'
tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer
Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,
Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,
Andbyopposingendthem?
Todie:
tosleep;
Nomore;
andbyasleeptosayweend
Theheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocks
Thatfleshisheirto,'
tisaconsummation
Devoutlytobewish'
d.Todie,tosleep.
LONDON
(WilliamBlake)
Iwanderthro'
eachcharter'
dstreet,
Nearwherethecharter'
dThamesdoesflow,
AndmarkineveryfaceImeet
Marksofweakness,marksofwoe.
IneverycryofeveryMan,
IneveryInfant'
scryoffear,
Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,
Themind-forg'
dmanaclesIhear.
HowtheChimney-sweeper'
scry
Everyblack'
ningChurchappalls;
AndthehaplessSoldier'
ssigh
RunsinblooddownPalacewalls.
Butmostthro'
midnightstreetsIhear
HowtheyouthfulHarlot'
scurse
BlaststhenewbornInfant'
stear,
AndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse.
(0091)《英国文学史》复习思考题答案
1WilliamShakespeare2HenryFielding
3CharlotteBronte4DanielDefoe
5RobertBurns6OscarWilde
7GeorgeBernardShaw8VirginiaWoolf
9LordByron10JohnKeats
11WilliamShakespeare12JonathanSwift
13WilliamThackery14EmilyBronte
15CharlesDickens16ThomasHardy
17JamesJoyce18GeorgeEliot
19LordByron20PercyShelley
Iambicpentameterisameterinpoetry,consistingofanunrhymedlinewithfiveiambsorfeet(hencepentameter),feltbymanytobethemostpowerfulofallmetricalformsinEnglishpoetry.Shakespeareexcelledintheuseofiambicpentameter(asinhisfamousSonnetXVIII,beginning"
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'
sday?
”
Heroiccouplet:
arhymingcoupletiniambicpentameter.Itisalsocalledridingrhyme,rhymed5-beatlines,orrhymeddecasyllables.ItisoneofthemostpopularmetricalformsinEnglishpoetry.Thoughitsoriginisuncertain,heroiccoupletisgenerallyassumedtobeintroducedbyChaucer.Characteristicsexhibitedbyheroiccoupletincludeepigrammaticexpression,balancedsentences,parallelconstruction,concisediction,useofantithesis,andmedialpause.Twotypesofheroiccoupletscanbedistinguished:
closedheroiccoupletandopenheroiccouplet.Theformerisacompletesentencewithafullstopattheendofthesecondrhyme.Thelatterisoneinwhichasentenceextendsfromonecouplettoanother.
Courtlylove:
anidealizedloveinsomemedievalliteratureandchivalricsociety.IthasitsoriginintheworksofPlato,inOvid’sArsAmatoria,andinAndreasCapellanus’sDeArteHonesteAmandi.ItowesitsdevelopmenttothemedievaldevotiontotheVirginMary.Courtlylovecelebratesthebeauty,virtuesandennoblingpowerofwomen.Itaddstotheriseofwomen’spositionandoffersaphilosophicalandreligiousinterpretationofloveanditsfunction.Apartfromnoblepassionsandpersistentpursuit,courtlyloveaimsatthemoralperfectionofthelover.Loveisessentiallytreatedasamotivatingpower,directingthelovertowardmoralprogressandspiritualdevelopment.Otherelementsofcourtlylovearehumilityandcourtesyonthepartofthelover,adulterybetweenthemanandhisbelovedmistress,andagreatrespectforthelady.CourtlylovewaspopularfirstinFranceamongthetroubadoursofthe12thand13thcenturies.InEngland,thosewhowroteinthistraditionwereChaucer,Sidney,SpenserandShakespeare.ExamplesareChaucer’sTroilusandCriseydeandthesonnetswrittenbyShakespeareandSpenser.
LiteratureoftheAbsurd:
atermassociatedwithmodernliterature,criticism,andphilosophy.Itisappliedtodescribethemeaninglessnessofhumanexistenceinaworldthatisalienandincomprehensible.Deprivedoftheiroldbeliefsandcutofffromtheirpast,humanbeingsareinastateofcompleteisolationandconfusion.LiteratureoftheabsurdhasExistentialismasitsphilosophicalbackgroundandismostfruitfulindramaandnovel.TheideathatmanandhisexistenceareabsurdisbestillustratedintheworksofCamus,Beckett,Ionesco,Adamov,Albee,Heller,Pynchon,andVonnegut.
Ballad:
anarrativepoeminshortstanzasaboutheroicortragicdeeds;
orasongthattellsaromanticorsentimentalstory.Therearemainlytwokindsofballads:
thefolkballadandtheliteraryballad.Thefolkorpopularballadiswithoutauthorshipandisoforaltradition.Itmightbecomposedbyanindividualoracommunity.Itisintendedtobesungorrecitedbeforethepublic.Balladsoforaltraditionarenotwrittendownuntilmanyyearslater.Anditslanguageissimpleandevenunliterary.FolkballadbelongstotheMiddleAges.Theliteraryorartballadiswithknownauthorshipandhasadefinitemoralpurpose.Balladsofthistypeareusuallyimitationsofmedievalpopularballads.Theyarewrittendownatthestart.ManyRomanticpoetsofthe19thcenturywroteliteraryballads.Bothfolkandliteraryballadssharethefollowingsimilarities:
(a)simpleandfamiliarlanguage;
(b)havingadventure,loveorwarasthesubjectmatter;
(c)tellingstorythroughdialogue;
(d)littledescription;
(e)strongsupernaturalelements;
(f)frequentuseofrepetitionandparallelism;
(g)havingrhyme,assonanceandthelike;
(h)impersonalnarrator;
(I)lyrical,romantic,sentimentalortragicqualities;
and(j)theballadwritergettinghisinspirationfromfolklore,localornationalhistory.InEngland,manyballadsareabouttheborderconflictsbetweenEnglishandScottishpeople,oraboutthelegendsofRobinHoodandhismerrymen.CollectionsofballadswereoncemadebyBishopPercywhohadReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry,WalterScottwhowroteMinstrelsyoftheScottishBorder,andChildwhocompiledTheEnglishandtheScottishPopularBallads.Coleridge’sRimeoftheAncientMarinerandWilde’sTheBalladofReadingGoalfallinthecategoryofliteraryballad.Andthereweremorewriterswhowroteintheballadstyle.TheywereScott,Noyes,MacauleyandRobertService.Balladasapoeticformisstillalivetoday.
Blankverse:
poetrythatdoesnotrhymebuthasiambicpentameterlines.ThoughnotoriginatedinEnglandorAmerica,ithasbeenthemostimportantandmostwidelyusedEnglishverseform.BlankverseispopularbecauseitisclosesttotherhythmofdailyEnglishspeech.ThusmostEnglishpoemswhicharedramatic,reflectiveornarrativeareintheformofblankverse.ThisversewasprobablyfirstusedinEnglandbySurreywhotranslatedAeneid,bySackvilleandNortonwhocomposedGorboduc.ItwasdevelopedandperfectedbyMarlowe,ShakespeareandMilton.Inthe18thcentury,mostpoetsfavoredheroiccouplets.ButYoungandThomsonwereabletowriteinthetraditionofblankverse.The19thcenturysawarenewedinterestinthispoeticform.MastersofblankverseincludedWordsworth,ColeridgeandBryant.ThefactthatblankverseisstillpracticedbywriterslikeT.S.Eliot,Yeats,FrostandStevensshowshowinfluentialandfavorableitreallyis.
Comedy:
Initsliterarysense,threemeaningsmaybedistinguished:
(a)dramathatamuses,writteninthetraditionofGreekandRomancomedy;
(b)anyworkofliteratureintheMiddleAgesandearlyRenaissancethathasahappyending;
(c)bynaturalextension,worksineveryliteraryformthatprovokelaughterandsmiles.Generallyspeaking,comedyisthoughttobealessimportantformthantragedy.Thus,dramatictheoriesconcerningcomedyaresmallinnumber.AristotleinhisPoeticsbrieflydefinescomedyas“animitationofmenworsethantheaverage.”Itseekstoentertainanddealswith“somedefect…thatisnotpainfulordestructive.”Platoinhis“Philebus”explainsthat“Whenwelaughatthefollyofourfriends,”weexperience“pleasure.”Ourlaughterisprovokedbytheharmlessignoranceandabsurdityofthecomiccharacter.PhilipSidneyinApologieforPoetriesays“Comedyisanimitationofthecommonerrorsofourlife.”Walpoleofthe18thcenturywrote:
“Thisworldisacomedytothosethatthink,atragedytothosethatfeel.”AndByronhadafamousstatement:
“Alltragediesarefinishedbyadeath,/Allcomediesareendedbyamarriage.”OtherscholarsandcriticswhorespondedtocomedyinonewayoranotherincludeHenryFielding,SigmundFreudandGeorgeMeredith.
Antihero:
amaincharacterinastory,novel,playorfilmwhobehavesinacompletelydifferentwayfromwhatpeopleexpectaherotodo.Anon-heroiswithoutthequalitiesandfeaturesofatraditionalorold-fashionedhero.Heisdoomedtofail.Antiheroesofearlydaysw
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英国文学史 英国 文学史 复习 思考题 答案