大学英语四级考试备考练习1.docx
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大学英语四级考试备考练习1.docx
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大学英语四级考试备考练习1
大学英语四级考试备考练习1
大学英语四级考试备考练习1
PartI
Writing
(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"NoSmokinginPublicPlaces".Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1. 有人在公共场所吸烟;
2. 在公共场所吸烟的危害;
3. 如何杜绝这一现象。
PartII
ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage.NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
WhatIsCultureShock?
Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientation(迷惘)thatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations.Manythingscontributetoit—smells,sounds,flavorsandtheveryfeelingoftheaironeisbreathing.
Thesymptomsofcultureshockcanappearatdifferenttimes.Althoughonecanexperiencerealpainfromcultureshock,itisalsoanopportunityofredefiningone’slifeobjectives.Itisagreatopportunityoflearningandacquiringnewperspectives.Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity.
Symptoms:
Sadness,loneliness,melancholy(忧郁)PreoccupationwithhealthAches,painsandallergies(过敏)Insomnia,desiretosleeptoomuchortoolittle
Changesintemperament,depression,feelingvulnerable,feelingpowerless
Anger,irritability,resentment,unwillingnesstointeractwithothers
Identifyingwiththeoldcultureoridealizingtheoldcountry
LossofIdentity:
Tryingtoohardtoabsorbeverythinginthenewcultureorcountry
Inabilitytosolvesimpleproblems
Lackofconfidence
Feelingsofinadequacyorinsecurity
Developingstereotypesaboutthenewculture
Developingobsessionssuchasover-cleanliness
Longingforfamily
Feelingsofbeinglost,overlooked,exploitedorabused
StagesofCultureShock
Cultureshockhasmanystages.Eachstagecanbeongoingorappearonlyatcertaintimes.Thefirststageistheincubationstage.Inthisfirststage,thenewarrivalmayfeeleuphoricandbepleasedbyallofthenewthingsencountered.Thistimeiscalledthe"honeymoon"stage,aseverythingencounteredisnewandexciting.
Afterwards,thesecondstagepresentsitself.Apersonmayencountersomedifficulttimesandcrisesindailylife.Forexample,communicationdifficultiesmayoccur,suchasnotbeingunderstood.Inthisstage,theremaybefeelingsofdiscontent,impatience,anger,sadness,andfeelingincompetence.Thishappenswhenapersonistryingtoadapttoanewculturethatisverydifferentfromthecultureoforigin.Transitionbetweentheoldmethodsandthoseofthenewcountryisadifficultprocessandtakestimetocomplete.Duringthetransition,therecanbestrongfeelingsofdissatisfaction.
Thethirdstageischaracterizedbygainingsomeunder-standingofthenewculture.Anewfeelingofpleasureandsenseofhumormaybeexperienced.Onemaystarttofeelacertainpsychologicalbalance.Thenewarrivalmaynotfeelaslostandstartstohaveafeelingofdirection.Theindividualismorefamiliarwiththeenvironmentandwantstobelongtoit.Thisinitiatesanevaluationoftheoldwaysversusthoseofthenew.
Inthefourthstage,thepersonrealizesthatthenewculturehasgoodandbadthingstooffer.Thisstagecanbeoneofdoubleintegration(整合)ortripleintegrationdependingonthenumberofculturesthatthepersonhastoprocess.Thisintegrationisaccompaniedbyamoresolidfeelingofbelonging.Thepersonstartstodefinehimself/herselfandestablishgoalsforliving.
Thefifthstageisthestagethatiscalled"reentryshock".Thisoccurswhenareturntothecountryoforiginismade.Onemayfindthatthingsarenolongerthesame.Forexample,someofthenewlyacquiredcustomsarenotinuseintheoldculture.
Thesestagesarepresentatdifferenttimesandeachpersonhashis/herownwayofreactinginthestagesofcultureshock.Asaconsequence,somestageswillbelongerandmoredifficultthanothers.Manyfactorscontributetothedurationandeffectofcultureshock.Thefactorsaretheindividual’sstateofmentalhealth,typeofpersonality,previousexperiences,socio-economicconditions,familiaritywiththelanguage,familyand/orsocialsupportsystemsandlevelofeducation.
HowtoFightCultureShock
Themajorityofemigrantindividualsandfamilieshavetheabilitytopositivelyconfronttheobstaclesofanewenvironment.Somewaystocomba
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