新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第六单元Word文档格式.docx
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新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册第六单元Word文档格式.docx
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Third,thestructure“whether+infinitive”isusuallyusedafter“wanttoknow”or“wonder.”)
Moreexamples:
*Ifoundoutwheretobuyfruitcheaply.
*Ididn’tknowwhentoswitchthemachineoff.
*Iwonderedwhethertowriteorphone.
(2)Paraphrase“whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.”
(=whenweshouldbelievethatthesestatementsareworthourattentionandwhenweneedn’tpayattentiontothem)
3.Thesecueswhichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.
(1)Accordingtothisstatement,whatmakesupourculture?
(=Thecuesweacquireindailylife,thelanguagewespeak,andthebeliefsweaccept.)
(2)TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(=这些暗示可以是语言、手势、面部表情、风俗习惯或社会行为标准。
我们在成长的过程中获得了这些暗示,就像我们的语言和我们所接受的信仰一样,它们已经成为我们文化的一部分。
4.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsof
thesecues.
Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?
(=Withoutthesefamiliarcuessuchaswords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms,wewouldprobablygetlostandsufferfromfrustrationandanxiety,andwouldn’tbeabletoworkefficiently.)
5.ToanAmericaneverythingAmericanbecomesirrationallyglorified.
Dothetwowords“American”inthissentencemeanthesame?
(=No,theydon’tmeanthesame.Thefirst“American”isanoun,meaning“someonefromtheUSA,”whilethesecondisusedasanadjective,meaning“relatingtotheUSA.”)
6.Thecultureofanypeopleistheproductofhistoryandisbuiltupovertimelargelythroughprocesseswhicharebeyondhisawareness.
(1)Whatcanyouinferfromthissentence?
(=Culturedevelopsandbuildsupthroughalongbuthardlynoticeableprocess.)
(=任何一个民族的文化都是历史的产物,经过漫长的、本民族意识不到的过程才得以积累形成。
)
7.Tothisattitudewegivethenameethnocentrism,abeliefthatnotonly
theculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.
(1)Towhatkindofattitudedowegivethenameethnocentrism?
(=Wegivethenameethnocentrismtotheattitudethatpeopleregardtheircultureasboththebestandtheonlywayofdoingthings.)
(2)Howisethnocentrismdefinedinthissentence?
(=Itisabeliefthatnotonlytheculturebuttheraceandthenationformthecenteroftheworld.)
(3)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.
(=a.Thefirstpartofthissentenceusesthetechniqueoffronting(前置手法).Theregularsentenceorderwouldbe“Wegivethenameethnocentrismtothisattitude”;
b.Inthesecondpart,thereisanappositiveclauseusedtomodify“belief,”tellingusthespecificcontentofthis“belief.”)
8.Forinstance,ifanAmericandoessomethingoddoranti-socialinaforeigncountrywhichbackhomewouldbeconsideredapurelyindividualact,thisisnowconsideredanationaltrait.
(1)Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?
(=Peopletendtoattributeallindividualpeculiaritiesasnationalcharacteristics.)
(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
(=例如,倘若一个美国人在国外做出怪异的或有悖社会公德的事情,在美国国内的人们会认为这纯属个人行为,但在国外却被视为一种民族特性。
9.Insteadofbeingcensuredasanindividual,hiscountryiscensured.
Paraphrasethesentence.
(=Hiscountryratherthantheindividualhimselfwouldbeofficiallycriticized.)
10.Thistaskaloneisquiteenoughtocausefrustrationandanxiety,no
matterhowskillfullanguageteachersareinmakingiteasyforyou.
(1)Whatdoes“it”referto?
(=Itreferstotheactoflearninganewlanguage.)
(=无论教语言的老师多么擅长于减轻你学习语言的难度,单单学语言这项任务都足以让你焦虑不安、饱受挫折。
11.Attimesitishelpfultobeaparticipantobserverbyjoiningthe
activitiesofthepeople,totrytoshareintheirresponses,whetherthis
beacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.
(1)Analyzethestructureofthesecondsentence“whetherthisbeacarnival,areligiousritual,orsomeeconomicactivity.”
(=Thissentenceadoptsthesubjunctivemood.Herethethird
personsingularpronoun“this”isfollowedby“be”insteadof
“is.”Thisisonetypeofpresentsubjective(现在虚拟)whichis
oftenusedinclausesofconditionorconcession.Thepresent
subjectivecanalsobefoundincertainexclamationstoexpress
awishorhope,veryofteninvolvingsupernaturalpowers.
*Godblessyou!
*Longlivethequeen!
)
(=有时候,参加人们举办的各种活动,不管是嘉年华会、宗教仪式还是经济活动,在活动中仔细观察,和人们一起喜怒哀乐,这都有好处。
II.WordsandExpressions
1.transplant:
(1)vt.tomovefromoneplaceandsettleelsewhere
*Westarttheflowersindoorsandthentransplantthemtothegarden.
*Hiskidneywastransplantedinhisdaughter.
(2)n.theoperationoftransplantinganorgan,pieceofskinetc
*Kelly'
sonlyhopeofsurvivalwasaheartandlungtransplant.
Collocations:
hearttransplantsurgery心脏移植手术
abonemarrowtransplant骨髓移植
2.ailment:
n.anillnessthatisnotveryserious
Itwasstillunclearwhatcausedthevictims'
ailments.
*Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsofailments,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.
CF:
ailment,illness,disease&
complaint
这些名词均有“疾病”之意。
ailment指身体或精神不适,尤其指小毛病。
例如:
*Hisailmentwasonlyaslightheadache.他身体不舒服,有点轻微的头痛。
illness泛指一切疾病,强调生病的时间或状态。
*Hermotherwasjustrecoveringfromanillness.他妈妈生了一场病,刚刚
复。
disease指具体的疾病,且通常较严重,发病时间也较长。
*Shesuffersfromararediseaseofthebrain.她得了罕见的脑病。
complaint指具体部位的疾病,尤其指不是很严重的那种。
*Heishavingtreatmentforachestcomplaint.他正在接受胸部疾病的治疗。
3.cure:
(1)n.treatmentorsubstancethatcures;
remedy
*ThereisstillnocureforAIDS.
预防比任何一种治疗都要好得多。
(=Preventionisfarbetterthananycure.)
(2)vt.tomakeanillnessormedicalconditiongoaway
*Manytypesofcancercannowbecured.
(=Ninetypercentofpatientscanbecuredofthedisease.)
Pattern:
curesb.ofsth.把某人的病治愈
*Shehadsomeacupuncturetreatmentwhichseemstohavecuredher.
针灸几次后她的病似乎痊愈了。
4.precipitate:
(1)vt.tomake(anunwantedevent)happensooner
*Anattackonthecountrycouldprecipitateaworldwar.
(=The1929stockmarketcrashprecipitatedthecollapseoftheAmericanbankingsystem.)
(2)vi.toseparateasolidsubstancefromaliquidbychemicalaction,ortobeseparatedinthisway
*Thismaterialcausesmostofthealuminainthesolutiontoprecipitatequickly.
(3)n.asolidsubstancethathasbeenchemicallyseparatedfromaliquid
老师让他在沉淀物溶解后再加热混合物。
(=Theteacheraskedhimtowarmthemixtureaftertheprecipitatedissolved.)
(4)adj.happeningordonetooquickly,andnotthoughtaboutcarefully
*Aprecipitatedecisionleadstohisfailure.
一阵冷风造成气温急剧下降。
(=Acoolbreezecausedaprecipitatedropinthetemperature.)
NB
:
该词作动词用时,近义词为hasten;
作形容词用时,近义词为hasty。
5.orient:
v.toarrangeordirectwithaparticularpurpose
*Shelookedatthestreetnames,tryingtoorientherself.
登山者停下来以便辨别自己的方位。
(=Theclimberstoppedtoorienthimself.)
*Themeetingdecidedthatthemagazinehadtoorienttothebusisnesscommunity.
Collocation:
orientoneselftosth.使自己熟悉某事
*Ittakesnewstudentsawhiletoorientatethemselvestocollegelife.
新同学要花一定的时间来熟悉校园生活。
beorientedto/towards/aroundsth/sb迎合某人的需要,围绕某事
*Thecourseisorientedtowardstheneedsofbusinessmen.这一课程是为迎合商人的需要而设立的。
*Alotofthetrainingisorientatedaroundcommunicationsskills.很多培训都是围绕交际技能展开的。
NB:
该词还可以用作名词,意为“东方”,但通常以theOrient的形式出现。
ThetravelermadeafameforhimselfbyabookabouttheOrient.这个旅行家凭了一本描写东方的书一举成名。
6.purchase:
(1)n.sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit
*Othercustomersarrived,madetheirpurchasesandleft.
那顶帽子买得不错。
(=Thathatwasagoodpurchase.)
dateofpurchase购买日期
proofofpurchase购买凭证
hirepurchase分期付款
makepurchases购物
(2)vt.tobuysth.
*Youcanpurchaseinsuranceonline.
(=Foreigninvestorsarenotpermittedtopurchaseland.)
7.afishoutofwater:
sb.whoisuncomfortable;
sb.whoisatadisadvantage
*Ifeltlikeafishoutofwaterinmynewschool.
be/feellikeafishoutofwater感觉格格不入
8.tremendous:
adj.verygreatinsize,amount,ordegree
*Shewasmakingatremendousefforttoappearcalm.
这个计划能省我们一大笔钱。
(=Thisplancouldsaveusatremendousamountofmoney.)
tremendous,huge,vast&
giant
这些形容词均有“巨大的,庞大的”之意。
tremendous指某物非
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