高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题.doc
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高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题.doc
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高一英语专题培优
——阅读理解解题技巧
第三节:
阅读理解之推理判断题
分析解读:
推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实,在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并做出正确的推断,这是对文章深层次的把握,属于高层次的阅读理解。
即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息,推断出未知部分。
文章中没有明确的答案。
要求考生从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法和观点。
技巧点拨:
1.常见提问方式:
(1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______?
(2)Thewritersuggeststhat______?
(3)Theauthorusestheexampleof…toshowthat______?
(4)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______?
(5)Fromthestorywecanguess_______?
(6)Whatwouldhappenif_______?
(7)Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?
(8)What’sthetone语气oftheauthor?
(9)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____?
(10)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?
2.解答步骤:
(1)定位信息:
通过寻读找到相关信息点。
(2)字面理解:
理解相关信息点的字面意义。
(3)深层理解:
结合语境和常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。
3.干扰项的特点:
(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当做间接推理。
(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等。
(3)根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的,但是却不是基于文章
(4)推理过头,引申过度。
4.注意:
有时作者并未把意图说出来,我们可根据字面意思,通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示,来推敲作者的态度,进行深层理解。
典型例析:
一.推断隐含意义:
例:
Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?
Diditsoundlikeaclock?
Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."
Q:
Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.
A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.
C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.
练一练:
Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?
”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房东)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”
Q:
Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.
A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlord
C.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)
技巧:
这类题干中通常含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。
解题步骤:
1,全面分析2,忠实原文3,不要选择表层信息
二.推断作者观点或态度:
例:
ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.
Q:
WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?
A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.
C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting
练一练:
Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?
AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.
Q:
What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreporting?
A.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support
技巧:
注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子,推断出作者的弦外之音。
站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。
表示态度的形容词:
(1)positive积极的(9)reserved
(2)negative消极的(10)indifferent漠不关心的
(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious谨慎的
(4)pessimistic悲观的(12)surprised惊讶的
(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize同情的
(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的
(7)admiring羡慕的(15)doubt怀疑的
(8)critical批评的(16)approve赞成的
(17)ironic讽刺的(18)neutral中立的
三.推断写作目的:
例:
“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?
Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?
”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.
Q:
Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.
A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves
B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic
C.showJamieTaylor’simportance
D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem
练一练:
AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.
Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵架)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒绝)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.
Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.
Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinord
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- 关 键 词:
- 高中英语 阅读 理解 推理 词义 猜测
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