英语国家概况复习笔记 The UK.docx
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英语国家概况复习笔记 The UK.docx
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英语国家概况复习笔记TheUK
TheUK
Unit1
1.Theofficialname:
TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(Since1927)
nationalflag:
TheUnionFlagORpopularlyknownastheUnionJack
nationalanthem(国歌):
GODSAVETHEQUEEN
nationalcapitalofthecountry:
London:
GreaterLondon大伦敦都市区:
theCityofLondon+32boroughs[ˈbʌrə](自治的市镇)
TheCityofLondon伦敦城:
atthecenterofthemetropolitan-thefinancialcenterofthecountry
InnerLondon:
theCityofLondon+its12boroughs
OuterLondon:
20boroughs[ˈbʌrə](自治的市镇)surroundingInnerLondon
2.Thelocationandsizeofthecountry(了解)
3.Theterrain[təˈreɪn](地形),riversandmountainsofthecountry
Roughlytwokindsofterrain---highlandandlowland.
Thehighlandarea---inthenorthernpartofthecountry,comprisingthemountainousregionsofScotland,NorthernIreland,northernEnglandandnorthWales.
Thelowlandarea---especiallyintheMidland,southernandeasternEngland.
ThelongestriverintheUKisRiverSevern(塞文河).
AmongthemostimportantriversistheThames(泰晤士河),whichissecondlongestbutisthedeepestriverinthecounty.
BenNevis(本·尼维斯)isthehighestpeakoftheUK.
(大不列颠境内的最高山峰,海拔1,343.8米,位于苏格兰西部的格兰扁山脉)
LoughNeagh(396km2)(內伊湖):
thelargestlakeinthewholecountry
4.Thenaturalresourcesofthecountry
Coal煤
●BritainhasarichdepositofcoalwithmajorcoalminesincentralandsouthwestofEngland.
●Forthelastdecades,therehasbeenasteadydeclineinbothcoalproductionandnumberofcoalmines.
Petroleum[pəˈtrəuliəm]石油
●1965sawdiscoveryofbigoilandoilfieldsundertheNorthSea,eastofBritain.
5.Theclimateofthecountry
Temperatemaritimeclimate(温带海洋性气候)
WhatarethecharacteristicsoftheclimateinGreatBritain?
Foggy
Rainy
Uncertainandchangeable
6.Majorcities
London;
Edinburgh[ˈednˌbɜ:
rə]爱丁堡;
Cardiff[ˈkɑ:
dɪf]加地夫(威尔士的主要海港);
Belfast[ˈbelˌfæst]贝尔法斯特(北爱尔兰首府);
Birmingham['bɜ:
mɪŋˌhæm]伯明翰市(英国中部城市,第二大城市)
Manchester:
theGuardian(卫报)
Glasgow:
[ˈɡlɑ:
sɡəu]格拉斯哥(苏格兰最大城市,第三大城市)
7.PopulationDensityandPopulationDistribution
⏹Populationdensity:
248personspersquarekilometer.
ThePopulationoftheUKisthe3rdlargestinEurope.
⏹Populationdistribution:
highurbanization(7conurbations)
7conurbations:
GreaterLondon大伦敦区,W.Midlands西密德兰都市郡,SouthYorkshire南约克都市郡,W.Yorkshire西约克郡都市郡,GreaterManchester大曼切斯特都市郡,Merseyside默西赛德都市郡(England),Tyne&Wear泰恩及威尔都市郡(Scotland)(了解)
8.NationsandtheLanguagesSpoken
1)Nations:
English,Scottish,WelshandIrish
English(80%):
descendants[dɪ'sendənts]后裔ofAnglo-Saxons
Welsh,Irish&Scottish:
:
descendantsofCelts
2)Languages:
A)English(officiallanguage):
B)Gaelic[ˈgælɪk]盖尔语:
Scotland&NorthernIreland
C)Welsh[welʃ]威尔士语:
Wales[weɪlz]
3)ThehistoryanddevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage(p.7)
⏹OldEnglish(450AD-1100AD)influencedbyOldNorse(古斯堪的纳维亚语)spokenbyVikings(北欧海盗)andwascloselyrelatedtotheGermanandDutch(荷兰)languages.TheintroductionofChristianityaddedthefirstwaveofLatinandGreekwordstothelanguageandendedwiththeNormanConquest.
⏹MiddleEnglish(1100AD-1500AD)FrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguageinEngland.NumerousFrenchwordscameintotheEnglishvocabularyandendedwiththeBlackDeath(黑死病).
⏹ModernEnglish(1500AD-present)Assimilating(吸收)wordsfromLatinandGreekwordsthroughouttheRenaissance(文艺复兴)suchasWilliamShakespeareandtheKingJamesBible.
⏹StandardEnglish=theQueen’sEnglish=BBCEnglish
⏹ExplanationofStandardEnglish
Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of the southeastern England.
It is preferred by the educatedand
it is widely used in media and taught at schools. Is has developed and has been promoted as a
model for the correct BritishEnglish. It is also the norm(标准)
carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and
vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.
9.Religion
⏹1.Britainisamulti-faithsocietyinwhicheveryonehastherighttoreligiousfreedom.
⏹2.Christianityisthedominantreligionofthecountry.MostofcitizensareeitherProtestant['prɒtɪstənt]新教徒orCatholic.
⏹3.Englishnation:
ThechurchofEngland(英格兰圣公会)istheestablishedchurchoftheEnglishnation.
⏹4.Themajornon-ChristiancommunitiesinBritainaretheJews,theMoslemsandtheBuddhists.
10.CharacterandmannersofBritishpeople
⏹Conservatism
⏹TalkingabouttheWeather
⏹Punctuality
11.Traditionsandcustom
●TroopingtheColor英国皇家军队阅兵仪式aroundtheBuckingPlaceinLondon(P.62)
tocelebratetheQueen’sBirthdayParade.(TheChangingGuardceremony)
●ReligiousFestivals
Christmas(ThreeChristmasTraditions)
Christmaspantomime[ˈpæntəmaɪm](童话剧)
Queen'sChristmasmessage
BoxingDay(节礼日)
Easter纪念耶稣复活
Halloween
12.Media
Newspa
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