英语高二英语阅读理解教育文化专题训练答案及解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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英语高二英语阅读理解教育文化专题训练答案及解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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sego-puncturing(伤自尊的)words.Butlostintheuproar(喧嚣)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'
reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'
snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:
wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.
Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'
softenexactlywhenwe'
releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"
lackinsight"
intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?
Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden"
:
they'
renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.
InDunningandKruger'
sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated'
'
theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile(百分位数)theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"
metacognitiveskill"
thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'
reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'
saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:
Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?
Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'
redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.
Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'
tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'
redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'
redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:
anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.
Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'
tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey'
respecial.They'
llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.
(1)Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat
.
A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter
B.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged
C.wedon'
tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot
D.youngpeopledon'
tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically
(2)Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents
A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammar
B.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfields
C.don'
tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimits
D.don'
tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement
(3)Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat
A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothers
B.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailure
C.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefails
D.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial
(4)Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecial
B.Let'
sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecial
C.SpecialorNot?
TeachKidsToFigureItOut
D.TellTheTruth:
KidsOverestimatetheirTalents
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,是特殊或者不是?
我们要教会孩子理解它。
作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。
想要变得特别,我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar(喧嚣)wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住:
现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有没有天赋,其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden"
renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担,即他们不擅长自己所做的,并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。
由此可推断,得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'
redoingwrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较,也需要一个人将我们做的不好的,以及做错了什么如实相告。
由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实,也需要别人对我们诚实。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'
llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教会了孩子文中提到的策略,孩子就可以知道他们自己是否特别,或者已经在变得特别的路上。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.
The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(评估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.
USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(经合组织)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'
mathsskills?
OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."
StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"
saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."
Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."
Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.
AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."
OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"
saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.
(1)Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout
A.
theUSaveragescore
B.
thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISA
C.
Americanstudents'
performanceinmaths
D.
situationinscienceandreadingskills
(2)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.
B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.
C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.
D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.
(3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'
2015PISAresults.
B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'
problemswithmaths.
C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.
D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了2015年PISA评估结果显示美国学生的数学成绩较之以前有明显下降,进而分两方面阐述了造成这一结果的原因。
根据第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美国的教育界人士最近非常担心的是美国学生在数学上的表现,“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美国的数学教学深度不够,导致;
以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美国学生在复杂问题的求解上有很大的困难。
(3)考查主旨大意。
由PISA评估引出问题“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?
”,美国学生的数学技能怎么样了?
接着下文的两段分别列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美国学生在数学上出现问题的原因,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Parentsdonotowe(欠)theirchildrenacollegeeducation.Iftheycanaffordit,theycancertainlysendthemtoagooduniversity.Buttheyneedn'
t
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