高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+降环保类七选五+语法填空.docx
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高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+降环保类七选五+语法填空.docx
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高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+降环保类七选五+语法填空
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+降环保类七选五+语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(xx·河南南阳一中月考)
OneeveninginFebruaryxx,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That’swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometerdowntherailwaytracks.
Ceely’snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmypletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain,”shetoldtheBBC.
Whoistoblamehere?
RickStevenson,whotellsCeely’sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUs,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:
Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.
Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amapmakermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.
It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatputerbasedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomebinationofthesefactors.
Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.
Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“nearmiss”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby.
A.closehitB.heavyloss
C.narrowescapeD.bigmistake
2.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?
A.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.
B.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan’tlivewithout.
C.Digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.
D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely’saccident.
3.Inthewriter’sopinion,Stevenson’sargumentis.
A.wellbasedB.reasonable
C.puzzlingD.onesided
4.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?
A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.
B.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.
C.Therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology.
D.Theshortingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.
B
(xx·河南漯河高级中学期中)
Theterm“healthyobesity”hasgainedvalueoverthepast15years,butscientistshaverecentlyquestioneditsveryexistence.“Ournewfindingssuggestthathealthmeasuresmaybenecessaryforallobese(肥胖的)individuals,eventhosepreviouslyconsideredtobemetabolically(代谢的)healthy,”saysstudyfirstauthorMikael,“Sinceobesityisthemajordriverchanginggeneexpressioninfatcells,weshouldcontinuetofocusonpreventingobesity.”
Obesityhasbeenaglobalproblem,affectingapproximately600millionpeopleworldwideandincreasingtheriskofheartdisease,stroke,cancer,andsoon.Butinthe1970sand80s,expertsbegantoquestiontheextenttowhichobesityincreasestheriskforthesedisorders.Laterstudiesinthelate90sandearlyxxsshowedthatsomeobesepeopleshowarelativelyhealthylife.
However,therearenoacceptedmeasuresformeasuringmetabolicallyhealthyobesity,andwhetherornotsuchathingexistsisnowupfordiscussion.“Ourstudysuggeststhattheideaofmetabolicallyhealthyobesitymaybemoredifficultthanthought,”Mikaelsays,“Theredoesn’tappeartobeaclearlinethatseparatesobesesubjectswithhighorlowinsulin(胰岛素)sensitivity,indicatingthatobesityisthemajordriverexplainingthechangesingeneexpression.”
Onelimitationofthestudyisthatitexaminedgeneexpressiononlyinwhitefatcells,notothertypes.Moreover,alloftheobesesubjectswerescheduledtoexperienceobesityoperations,sothefindingsmay
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