六级真题A卷Word文档下载推荐.docx

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PartIIReadingComprehension（Skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

　　Supersizesurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit/yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.

Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

1.Notenoughsleep

Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.

It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

2.Climatecontrol

Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代新的）rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.

Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly，thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.

3.Lesssmoking

Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

4.Geneticeffects

Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

5.Alittleolder…

Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:

Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

6.maturemums

Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964,britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;

by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;

in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

7.Likemarryinglike

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.

1.A）effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth

B）thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesity

C）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic

D）possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic

2.A）gainedtheleastweight

B）wereinclinedtoeatless

C）foundtheirvigorenhanced

D）werelesssusceptibletoillness

3.A）itmakesussleepy

B）itcausessleeploss

　　C）itincreasesourappetite

　　D）itresultsfromlackofsleep

　　4.A）itmakesusstayindoorsmore

　　B）itacceleratesourmetabolicrate

　　C）itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic

　　D）itcontributestoourweightgain

　　5.A）itthreatenstheirhealth

　　B）itheightenstheirspirits

　　C）itsuppressestheirappetite

　　D）itslowsdowntheirmetabolism

　　6.A）heavysmokers

　　B）passivesmokers

　　C）thosewhoneversmoke

　　D）thosewhoquitsmoking

　　7.A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople

　　B）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

　　C）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods

　　D）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

　　8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremainsnotentirelyclear

　　9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysize

　　10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartygenetiz

　　PartIII 

ListeningComprehension

　　SectionA

　　11.A）Heisquiteeasytorecognize

　　B）heisanoutstandingspeaker

　　C）helookslikeamoviestar

　　D）helooksyoungforhisage

　　12.A）consultherdancingteacher

　　B）takeamoreinterestingclass

　　C）continueherdancingclass

　　D）improveherdancingskills

　　13.A）themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid

　　B）themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital

　　C）thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury

　　D）thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions

　　14.A）theyarenotinstyleanymore

　　B）theyhavecosthimfartoomuch

　　C）theynolongersuithiseyesight

　　D）theyshouldbecleanedregularly

　　15.A）hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor

　　B）hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor

　　C）hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome

　　D）herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone

　　16.A）fixingsomefurniture

　　B）repairingthetoytrain

　　C）readingtheinstructions

　　D）assemblingthebookcase

　　17.A）urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy

　　B）helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams

　　C）acttowardsJennyinamoresensibleway

　　D）sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter

　　18.A）Thebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudget

　　B）theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea

　　C）thelocalpeoplefelinsecureaboutthedam

　　D）thedamposesathreattothelocalenvironment

　　Question19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejusth