智能型充电器的电源和显示的设计外文文献剖析Word文件下载.docx
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智能型充电器的电源和显示的设计外文文献剖析Word文件下载.docx
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智能型充电器的电源和显示的设计
院(系):
自动控制系
专业:
工业自动化
姓名:
指导老师:
填表日期:
2015年12日
Thedesignofthelithiumbatterycharger
Introduction
Accordingtothesize,weightandenergystorageadvantagesoflithiumionrechargeablebatteryisbeingusedinmanyapplications.Thesebatterieshavebeenconsideredfortheapplicationofthepreferredbatteryinportablecomputer,displacingNiMHandNiCadbatteries,andcellularphonesarequicklybecomethesecondmajorlithiumbatterymarket.Thereasonisobvious.Lithiumionbatteriesoffermanyadvantagestotheendconsumer.Inportablecomputers,lithiumionbatteriesinthesameconditionsandthesizeandweightofcasesthanNiCadandNiMHcanprovidemorelastingpower.Thesameadvantagesaretrueforcellularphones.AphonecanbemadesmallerandlighterifusingLiionbatteriessowithoutsacrificingbatterylife.Whenthelithiumionbatterycostsdown,evenmoreapplicationswillThiswillchangetoalighterandsmallertechnology.Asconsumerscontinuetodemandtheconvenience,indicatingthatthemarkettrendofrechargingacontinualgrowthinallthecells.Accordingtothemarketdatashowthatapproximatelyabouttwohundredmillionbatterieswillbelithiumiontobeshippedin1997whencomparedwith600millionNiMHbatteries.However,itisimportanttonotethattheelectriccoreelectriccorethreeNiMHequivalenttoalithiumionwhenpackagedintoabatterypack.Therefore,theactualvolumeofthetwoisveryclosetothesameyearalsomarkedthefirst.1997yearliionbatterytypeusedinthemajorityofportablecomputers,displacingNiMHforthetopspot.Thedatashowthatin1997theEuropeanandJapanesebatteriesmarketshowedashifttolithiumIonintheapplicationofthemajorityofphones.Lithiumionbatteriesisanexcitingbatterytechnologymustbetoahighdegreeofattention.Tounderstandthesenewbatteries,thisdesignguideexplainstheseprinciples,thechargingrequirementsandcircuitstomeettheseneeds.
Withtheadventofhandheldappliancesmoreandmore,thehighperformance,smallsize,lightweightofthebatterychargerisalsoincreasingdemand.Continuedprogressinbatterytechnologyalsorequireschargingalgorithmmorecomplextoachieverapidandsafecharging.Thereforeneedtobemonitoredmorepreciselyonthechargingprocesstoshortenthechargingtime.Themaximumcapacityofthebattery,andtopreventdamagetothebattery.AVRisastepaheadinthecompetition,provedtobeperfectthenextgenerationchargercontrolchip.AtmelAVRmicroprocessoriscurrentlyonthemarketcanprovideFlashwithsingle,8ofthemostefficientRISCEEPROMand10ADCmicroprocessors.SincetheprogrammemoryforFlashtherefore,youcannotlikeMASKROM,thereareseveralsoftwareversionsofseveralmodelsonthestock.Flashcanbeprogrammedbeforedelivery,orafterthePCBmountthroughISPForprogramming,allowingthesoftwareupdatefor.EEPROMcanbeusedtosavecalibrationcoefficientandbatteryparametersatthelastminute,suchasthepreservationofchargingrecordscanprovidesufficientprecisiontoimprovetheactualuseofthebatterycapacity.10A/Dconverter,thechargeafterthecapacityisclosertoitsmaximumcapacity.WhiletheotherschemeinordertoachievethisgoalthatmayrequireexternalADC,notonlyoccupyPCBspace,butalsoimprovethe8bitmicroprocessor.AT90S4433referencedesignsystemofthecostof.AVRisahigh-levellanguageuniqueneedleobject"
C"
thecurrentdesignistouse"
towritetheinstructionsinahigh-levellanguageforsoftwaredesignisthedesignofasimple.Ccodelikehowitiseasytoadjusttofitthecurrentandfuturebattery.ButtheATtiny15referencedesigniswritteninassemblylanguage,toachievethemaximumcodedensity.
Modernconsumerappliancesmainlyusethefollowingfourkindsofbatteries:
1sealedleadacidbattery(SLA)
2nickelcadmiumbattery(NiCd)
3nickelhydrogenbattery(NiMH)
4lithiumbattery(Li-Ion)
Inthecorrectchoiceofbatteryandchargingalgorithmneedtoknowthebackgroundknowledgeofthesebatteries.
Sealedlead-acidbattery(SLA)sealedlead-acidbatteryismainlyusedfortheoccasionsofthecostismoreimportantthanthespaceandweight,suchasupsandalarmsystembackupbattery.SLAbatterywithconstantvoltagecharging,supplementedbycurrentlimittoavoidinthechargingprocessofearlybatteryoverheating.Aslongasthebatterycellvoltagedoesnotexceedmanufacturerprovisions(typicalvaluesto2.2V),SLAbatteriescanbeunrestrictedcharging.
ThebatteryofNiCdbatteryofNiCdcurrentlyinusewasverycommon.Itsadvantagesarerelativelycheap,easytouse;
drawbackisselfdischargerateisrelativelyhigh.TypicalNiCdbatteriescanberechargedupto1000times.Failuremechanismismainlypolarityreversal.Inthebatterypackinthefirstiscompletedischargeofsingleelementwillreverse.Inordertopreventdamagetothebatterypack,theneedtocontinuouslymonitorthevoltage.Onceaunitvoltage
Downto1.0Vitisnecessarytoshutdownthe.NiCdbatteryinaconstantcurrentwaytocharge.
Nickelhydrogenbattery(NIMH)inlightweighthandhelddevicessuchasmobilephonesandhand-heldcamera,andsoonNiMHbatteryisusedmostwidely.ThecapacityofthebatteryNiCd.DuetooverchargecancausethefailureofNiMHbattery,inthechargingprocessofprecisemeasurementisveryimportanttostopattherighttime.AndNiCdbatteries,polarityreversalwhenthebatterieswill.NiMHbatteryselfdischargerateisabout20%/month.AndNiCdbattery,NiMHbatteryforconstantcurrentchargingdamage.
Lithiumbattery(Li-Ion)comparedwithothercellsdescribedinthisarticle,thelithiumbatteryhasthehighestenergy/energy/weightratioandvolumeratio.Thelithiumbatterychargewithconstantvoltageandcurrentshouldbelimitedtoavoidoverheatingofthebatterychargingprocessatthebeginning.Whentheminimumelectriccurrentdowntothemanufacturerssetwhenweneedtostopcharging.Chargingwillcausedamagetothebattery,orevenanexplosion.Thesafetyofthebatterychargingmodernquickcharger(usuallyonehourfullcharge,thebatterycanbeinlessthan3hours)needtobeabletounitvoltage,chargecurrentandbatterytemperaturearemeasuredaccurately,atthesametimethefullpowertoavoidtheoverchargedamage.ChargingmethodforSLAbatteriesandlithiumbatteriesforconstantvoltagecurrentlimitingmethod;
chargingmethodofNiCdbatteryandNiMHbatteryforconstantcurrentmethod,Thejudgmentmethodofdifferentstopcharginghasseveral.Themaximumchargecurrentmaximumchargecurrentandbatterycapacity(C).Themaximumchargingcurrentofthebatterycapacitytotendtothenumericalrepresentation.Forexample,thebatterycapacityis750mAh,thechargingcurrentis750mA,thechargingcurrentis1C(1timesthebatterycapacity)ifthetricklechargecurrentisC/40,thenthechargingcurrentforthebatterycapacitydividedby40isoverheatedbatterychargingpowertransmissiontothebatteryenergyinthechemicalreactionprocess.Thepreserved.Butnotallelectricalenergyconversiontochemicalenergyinthebattery.Someelectricalenergyturnsintoheatenergya,heatingeffectonthebattery.Whenthebatteryisfull,ifitcontinuestocharge,thenalltheenergywillbetransformedintoheat.Thebatteryfastchargingthebatterywhichwillenablerapidwarming,ifnotpromptlystopchargingthebatterywillcausethelossofTherefore,itisveryimportanttomonitorthetemperatureandstopthechargingintimewhendesigningthebatterycharger.
Stopchargingdiscriminantbatterymethoddifferentapplicationsandworkenvironmentlimitstheofjudgmenttostopchargingmethodofchoice.Sometimes,thetemperatureisnoteasytobemeasured,butcanbemeasuredvoltage,orothercircumstances.Thispapertovoltagechangerate-dV/dtbasicjudgmentstopchargingmethod,andwiththetemperatureandabsolutevoltagevalueforassistanceandbackup.Butbelowthehardwaresupportdescribedinthisarticleaboutallmethods.
T-timethisistheeasiestwaytodecidewhentostopcharging.Thebackupplanisusuallyusedforfastcharging.Sometimes,itisalsousedasabasicsolutionforacommoncharge(16-14hours).
V-voltagewhenthevoltageexceedsthelimitstopcharging.Usuallywithconstantcurrentchargingwiththeuseof.Maximumcurrentisdeterminedbythebattery,usually.Inordertopreventthechargingcurrentistoolargetobatteryoverheating.Atthistimelimitedcurrentisverycritical.Thismethodislithiumbatteryofthechargeandstopproject.Theactuallithiumbatterychargeroftenafteruptoamaximumvoltagealsocontinuetoforthesecondphaseofthecharging,inordertoachieve100%ofthebatterycapacity.ForthebatteryofNiCdandNiMHbattery,thiscanbeasreservejudgmentstopchargingscheme.
-dV/dt-voltagechangerateofthejudgetostopchargingmethodusingthenegativevoltagechangerate.Forcertaintypesofbatteries,whenafterthebatteryisfullychargewillleadtovoltagedrop.Atthistimetheschemewasveryfit.Thismethodiscommonlyusedforconstantcurrentcharging,applicabletothefastchargeofthebatteryofNiCdandNiMHbatteries.
I-currentwhenthechargecurrentislessthanapresetvalue,itisnormallyusedforaconstantvoltagechargingmethod.ItissuitableforSLAbatteriesandlithiumbatteries.
T-temperatureabsolutetemperaturecanbeusedasthebasisfortheNiCdbatteryandNiMHbatterytostopcharging,butitismoresuitableasabackupsolution.
DT/dt-therateoftemperaturerisecanbeusedasabasisforstoppingc
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