外文文献翻译成品基于人脸识别的移动自动课堂考勤管理系统中英文双语对照Word格式文档下载.docx
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外文文献翻译成品基于人脸识别的移动自动课堂考勤管理系统中英文双语对照Word格式文档下载.docx
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passingaroundanattendancesheetarebothtime-consuming,andespeciallythelatter
isopentoeasyfraud.Asanalternative,RFID,wireless,fingerprint,andirisandface
recognition-basedmethodshavebeentestedanddevelopedforthispurpose.Although
thesemethodshavesomepros,highsysteminstallationcostsarethemain
disadvantage.Thepresentpaperaimstoproposeafacerecognition-basedmobile
automaticclassroomattendancemanagementsystemneedingnoextraequipment.To
thisend,afilteringsystembasedonEuclideandistancescalculatedbythreeface
recognitiontechniques,namelyEigenfaces,FisherfacesandLocalBinaryPattern,has
beendevelopedforfacerecognition.Theproposedsystemincludesthreedifferent
mobileapplicationsforteachers,students,andparentstobeinstalledontheirsmart
phonestomanageandperformthereal-timeattendance-takingprocess.Theproposed
systemwastestedamongstudentsatAnkaraUniversity,andtheresultsobtainedwere
verysatisfactory.
Keywords—facedetection,facerecognition,eigenfaces,fisherfaces,localbinary
pattern,attendancemanagementsystem,mobileapplication,accuracy
I.INTRODUCTION
Mosteducationalinstitutionsareconcernedwithstudents’participationincourses
sincestudentparticipationintheclassroomleadstoeffectivelearningandincreases
successrates[1].Also,ahighparticipationrateintheclassroomisamotivatingfactor
forteachersandcontributestoasuitableenvironmentformorewillingand
informativeteaching[2].Themostcommonpracticeknowntoincreaseattendancein
acourseistakingattendanceregularly.Therearetwocommonwaystocreate
attendancedata.Someteachersprefertocallnamesandputmarksforabsenceor
presence.Otherteachersprefertopassaroundapapersigningsheet.Aftergathering
theattendancedataviaeitherofthesetwomethods,teachersmanuallyenterthedata
intotheexistingsystem.However,thosenon-technologicalmethodsarenotefficient
wayssincetheyaretime-consumingandpronetomistakes/fraud.Thepresentpaper
aimstoproposeanattendance-takingprocessviatheexistingtechnological
infrastructurewithsomeimprovements.Afacerecognition-basedmobileautomatic
classroomattendancemanagementsystemhasbeenproposedwithafacerecognition
infrastructureallowingtheuseofsmartmobiledevices.Inthisscope,afiltering
systembasedonEuclideandistancescalculatedbythreefacerecognitiontechniques,
namelyEigenfaces,Fisherfaces,andLocalBinaryPattern(LBP),hasbeendeveloped
forfacerecognition.Theproposedsystemincludesthreedifferentapplicationsfor
teachers,students,andparentstobeinstalledontheirsmartphonestomanageand
performareal-timepollingprocess,datatracking,andreporting.Thedataisstoredin
acloudserverandaccessiblefromeverywhereatanytime.Webservicesarea
popularwayofcommunicationforonlinesystems,andRESTfulisanoptimal
exampleofwebservicesformobileonlinesystems[3].Intheproposedsystem,
RESTfulwebserviceswereusedforcommunicationamongteacher,student,and
parentapplicationsandthecloudserver.Attendanceresultsarestoredinadatabase
andaccessiblebytheteacher,studentandparentmobileapplications.
Thepaperisorganisedasfollows.SectionIIprovidesabriefliteraturesurvey.Section
IIIintroducestheproposedsystem,andsectionIVfollowsbyimplementationand
results.Thelastsectiongivesthemainconclusions.
II.LITERATURESURVEY
Fingerprintreadingsystemshavehighinstallationcosts.Furthermore,onlyone
studentatatimecanuseaportablefingerrecognitiondevice,whichmakesita
time-consumingprocess[4].Inthecaseofafixedfingerrecognitiondeviceatthe
entranceoftheclassroom,attendance-takingshouldbedoneundertheteacher'
s
supervisionsothatstudentsdonotleaveafterthefingerrecognition,whichmakesthe
processtime-consumingforboththeteacherandthestudents.IncaseofRFIDcard
readingsystems,attendance-takingisavailableviathecardsdistributedtostudents[5].
Insuchsystems,studentsmayresorttofraudulentmethodsbyreadingtheirfriends'
cards.Also,ifastudentforgetshis/hercard,anon-trueabsencemaybesavedinthe
system.ThedisadvantageoftheclassroomscanningsystemswithBluetoothor
beaconmethodsisthateachstudentmustcarryadevice.Becausethefieldlimitofthe
BluetoothLowEnergy(BLE)systemcannotbedetermined,studentswhoarenotin
theclassroomatthemomentbutarewithintheBluetootharealimitsmayappeartobe
presentintheattendancesystem[6].Therearedifferentmethodsofclassroom
attendancemonitoringusingfacerecognitiontechnology.Oneoftheseisacamera
placedattheclassroomentranceandthestudentsenteringtheclassroomare
registeredintothesystembyfacerecognition[7].However,inthissystemstudents’
facescouldberecognised,althoughstudentscanleavetheclassroomafterwards,and
errorscanoccurinthepollinginformation.Anothermethodistheobservationcarried
outwithacameraplacedintheclassroomandtheclassroomimagetakenduringthe
course.Inthiscase,thecamerasusedinthesystemneedtobechangedfrequentlyto
keepproducingbetterqualityimages.Therefore,thissystemisnotveryusefuland
canbecomecostly.Inadditiontoalltheaforementioneddisadvantages,themost
commondisadvantageisthatallthesemethodsneedextraequipment.Theproposed
systemhasbeendevelopedtoaddressthesedisadvantages.Themainadvantagesof
theproposedsystemareflexibleusage,noequipmentcosts,nowastedtime,andeasy
accessibility.
III.PROPOSEDSYSTEM
A.ArchitectureoftheProposedSystem
Theproposedsystem'
sarchitecturebasedonmobilityandflexibilityisshownin
Fig.1.
Figure1.SystemArchitecture
Thesystemconsistsofthreelayers:
ApplicationLayer,CommunicationLayer,and
ServerLayer.
ApplicationLayer:
Intheapplicationlayer,therearethreemobileapplications
connectedtothecloudserverbywebservices.a)TeacherApplication:
Theteacheris
theheadofthesystem,sohe/shehastheprivilegetoaccessallthedata.Byhis/her
smartmobiledevice,he/shecantakeaphotoofstudentsinaclassroomatanytime.
Afterthetakingthephotograph,theteachercanusethisphototoregisterattendance.
Forthisaim,thephotoissenttothecloudserverforfacedetectionandrecognition
processing.Theresultsaresavedintoadatabasetogetherwithallthereachabledata.
Theteachergetsaresponsebythemobileapplicationandcanimmediatelyseethe
results.Theteachercanalsocreateastudentprofile,addaphotoofeachstudent,and
addorremoveastudentto/fromtheirclassrosters.He/shecanaswellcreateand
deletecourses.Eachcoursehasauniquesix-charactercode.Theteachercanshare
thiscodewithhis/herstudentssotheycanaccesstheirattendanceresultsviathe
studentapplication.Theteachercanaccesstoalldataandresultsbasedoneach
student'
srecognizedphotostampedwithadate.Additionally,anemailmessagewith
attendancedataofaclassinExcelformatcanberequested,whiletheanalyticsofthe
attendanceresultsisprovidedintheapplication.b)StudentApplication:
Studentscan
signincourseswiththeteacher'
semailaddressandthesix-charactercoursecode.
Theycanaddtheirphotosbytakingaphotoora3-secondlongvideo.Incaseof
errors,theiruploadedphotoscanbedeleted.Studentscanonlyseelimitedresultsof
theattendance-takingprocessrelatedtotheirattendance.Toprotectpersonalprivacy,
theclassphotosanddetectedportraitphotosofeachstudentcanbeaccessedonlyby
theteacher.Ifstudentsarenotintheclassroomwhenanattendance-checkis
performed,theyarenotifiedoftheattendance-check.Incaseoferrors(ifastudentis
present,butnotdetectedbythesystem),he/shecannotifytheteachersohe/shecan
fixtheproblem.c)FamilyApplication:
Parentscanseetheirchildren'
sattendance
resultsforeachclass.Additionalchildrenprofilescanbeaddedintothesystem.Each
parentisaddedtothestudent'
sapplicationwithname,surname,andemailaddress.
Whenastudentaddshis/herparents,theyareautomaticallyabletoseetheattendance
results.Theyarealsonotifiedwhentheirchildisnotintheclassroom.
2)CommunicationLayer:
RESTfulwebservicesareusedtocommunicatebetween
theapplicationsandserverlayers.RequestsaresentbythePOSTmethod.Each
requestissentwithauniqueIDoftheauthoriseduserofthesession.Onlythe
authoriseduserscanaccessandrespondthethedatatowhichtheyhaverightto
access.Duetoitsflexibilityandfastperformance,JSONisusedasthedataformatfor
webservicesresponse[8].Withthisabstractwebservicelayer,thesystemcaneasily
beusedforanewitemintheapplicationlayer,suchaswebpagesoranewmobile
operatingsystem.
3)ServerLayer:
Theserverlayerisresponsibleforhandlingtherequestsandsending
theresultstotheclient.Facedetectionandrecognitionalgorithmsareperformedin
thislayerandmorethan30differentwebservicesarecreatedforhandlingdifferent
requestsfrommobile
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