在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案Word文档格式.docx
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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案Word文档格式.docx
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B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry
C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
2.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.
A.programs
B.experts
C.devices
D.creatures
3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.
A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally
C.havealittlecommonsense
D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld
4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.
A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
C.improvefactoryenvironments
D.cultivatehumancreativity
5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.
A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure
B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation
D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
参考答案:
CCDBC
GermanChancellor(首相)OttoVonBismarckmaybemostfamousforhismilitaryanddiplomatictalent,buthislegacy(遗产)includesmanyoftoday’ssocialinsuranceprograms.Duringthemiddleofthe19thcentury,Germany,alongwithotherEuropeannations,experiencedanunprecedentedrashofworkplacedeathsandaccidentsasaresultofgrowingindustrialization.MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassion(怜悯)forthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworld’sfirstworker’scompensationlawin1884.
By1908,theUnitedStateswastheonlyindustrialnationintheworldthatlackedworkers’compensationinsurance.America’sinjuredworkerscouldsuefordamagesinacourtoflaw,buttheystillfacedanumberoftoughlegalbarriers.Forexample,employeeshadtoprovethattheirinjuriesdirectlyresultedfromemployernegligenceandthattheythemselveswereignorantaboutpotentialhazardsintheworkplace.Thefirststateworker’scompensationlawinthiscountrypassedin1911,andtheprogramsoonspreadthroughoutthenation.
AfterWorldWarII,benefitpaymentstoAmericanworkersdidnotkeepupwiththecostofliving.Infact,realbenefitlevelswerelowerinthe1970sthantheywereinthe1940s,andinmoststatesthemaximumbenefitwasbelowthepovertylevelforafamilyoffour.In1970,PresidentRichardNixonsetupanationalcommissiontostudytheproblemsofworkers’compensation.Twoyearslater,thecommissionissued19keyrecommendations,includingonethatcalledforincreasingcompensationbenefitlevelsto100percentofthestates’averageweeklywages.
Infact,theaveragecompensationbenefitinAmericahasclimbedfrom55percentofthestates’averageweeklywagesin1972to97percenttoday.But,asmoststudiesshow,
every10percentincreaseincompensationbenefitsresultsina5percentincreaseinthenumbersofworkerswhofileforclaims.Andwithsomuchmoremoneyfloatingintheworkers’compensationsystem,it’snotsurprisingthatdoctors,andlawyershavehelpedthemselvestoalargesliceofthegrowingpie.
1.Theworld’sfirstworkers’compensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck.
A.forfearoflosingthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement
B.outofreligiousandpoliticalconsiderations
C.tospeedupthepaceofindustrialization
D.tomakeindustrialproductionsafer
2.WelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationinEurope.
A.metgrowingresistancefromlaborersworkingatmachines
B.resultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsuranceprograms
C.wasaccompaniedbyanincreasednumberofworkshopaccidents
D.requiredworkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersattheworkplace
3.OneoftheproblemstheAmericaninjuredworkersfacedingettingcompensationintheearly19thcenturywasthat.
A.theyhadtoproduceevidencethattheiremployerswereresponsiblefortheaccident
B.America’saveragecompensationbenefitwasmuchlowerthanthecostofliving
C.differentstatesintheU.S.hadtotallydifferentcompensationprograms
D.theyhadtohavethecouragetosuefordamagesinacourtoflaw
4.After1972,workers’compensationinsuranceintheU.S.becamemorefavorabletoworkerssothat.
A.thepovertylevelforafamilyoffourwentupdrastically
B.moremoneywasallocatedtotheircompensationsystem
C.therewerefewerlegalbarrierswhentheyfiledforclaims
D.thenumberofworkerssuingfordamagesincreased
5.Theauthorendsthepassagewiththeimplicationthat.
A.compensationbenefitsinAmericaaresoaringtonewheights
B.peoplefromallwalksoflifecanbenefitfromthecompensationssystem
C.theworkersarenottheonlyonestobenefitfromthecompensationsystem
D.moneyfloatinginthecompensationsystemisahugedrainontheU.S.economy
BCADC
IntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:
00p.m..Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,heassumesit’samatteroflifeanddeath.Thetimechosenforthecallcommunicatesitsimportance.
Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A,gueststendtofeelthey
arenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworlditmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattimedifferently;
promptness(准时)isvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessfriendwaitingforanhour;
itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslateisexpectedtomakeashortapology.Ifheislessthan5minuteslate,hewillsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.
1.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:
00p.m.”Here“attached”means.
A.taken
B.drawn
C.given
D.shown
2.Supposingonewantstomakeatelephonecallatmidnight,thiswouldmean.
A.thematterislessimportant
B.thematterissomewhatimportant
C.thematterrequiresimmediateattention
D.itisamatteroflifeanddeath
3.Accordingtothispassage,timeplaysanimportantrolein.
A.everydaylife
B.privatelife
C.communications
D.transmission
4.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.
A.“TheVoicesofTime”
B.“TheSavingofTime”
C.“TheImportanceofanAnnouncement”
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