《冲刺高考语法模块》高中英语语法专题解析Word下载.docx
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《冲刺高考语法模块》高中英语语法专题解析Word下载.docx
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Youarewrong,"
saidthegentlemen."
Hehadmany.Hewipedhisfeetatthedoorandclosedthedoorbehindhim,__5__(mean)thathewascareful.Hegavehisseatimmediatelytoanoldman,showingthathewaskindand__6__(thought).Hetookoffhiscapwhenhecameinandansweredmyquestionsquickly,showingthathewasapolitegentleman.EveryoneelsesteppedoverthebookthatI__7__(put)onthefloorpurposely.Hepicked__8__upandplaceditonthetable,andhewaitedquietlyforhisturninsteadofpushingandcrowding.WhenItalkedtohim,Inoticedhistidyclothing,his__9__(neat)brushedhair,andhiscleanfingermails.Can'
tyouseethattheseareexcellentrecommendations?
Iconsideredthemtobemoresignificantthan__10__(letter).
Hearingthewords,thefriendnoddedinagreement.
↓↓↓Clickhere答案自查
1.考查介词搭配,in2.考查定语从句,who/that3.考查冠词,the4.考查连词,nor5.考查非谓语动词,meaning6.考查词性与构词法,thoughtful7.考查时态,hadput8.考查代词,it9.考查词性与构词法,neatly10.考查名词的复数,letters
句子成分
一.主语
a.谓语动词前,动作的执行者。
1.Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.
2.WelikeEnglishverymuch.
3.TheyoftenspeakEnglishafterclass.
4.OnethirdofthestudentsinourclassaregoodatEnglish.
5.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessary.
=Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
6.Toswiminsummerisagreatpleasure.
=Itisagreatpleasuretoswiminsummer.
.
二.谓语
a.主语所做的动作或具有的状态。
b.可以由连系动词(be,become, smell…),及物动词(vt,后须带宾语),不及物动词(vi,后不直接带宾语), 情态动词(must,may,can…)加动词原形及短语动词来充当;
c.谓语动词的时态与语态;
d.不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词,动词作其它成分。
1.Helookedalittlebitexcited.
2.Theyhavebeenhereforseveraldays.
3.LiMingfellilllastweek.
4.Theforeignguestshavealreadyleft.
三.表语
a.放在连系动词后,表示主语的内容、状态和特征等。
1.Thefoodsmellsgood/nice.
2.Thecountrymusicisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.
3.Mr.KingisourteacherofEnglish.
4.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
5.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
6.ThisEnglish-Chinesedictionaryishers.
7.Thedoorremainedopen.
四.宾语
a.动作的对象,位于及物动词后。
介词后作介词宾语。
b....作...的宾语。
1.Heisgoingtobuyadictionary.
2.Ineedthreepiecesofpaper.
3.Wearethinkingabouttheplan.
4.Weshouldlearnfromhim.
5.Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.
五.定语
a.用来限定,修饰名词或代词。
要注意定语后置的情况。
b....限定...(名、代)。
1.Hangzhouisabeautifulcity
2.Morethanthirtystudentsinourclasshavereadthebook
3.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.
4.Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadviceanddomoreexercises.
5.Thereareoversixtywomenteachersinourschool.
定语后置的情况:
1.介词短语作定语
thestudentsinourclass/theboyunderthetree
2.doing/done/todo短语作定语
thebridgebuilt100yearsago/
thelanguagespokentheresomethingtodo
3.形容词修饰不定代词any-,every-,no-,some-和-body,-one,-thing等
somethinginteresting/new
4.here/there/above/below/concerned(相关的)/present/
peoplethere/thepictureabove/
peopleconcerned
peoplepresent
5.形容词短语作定语
thebasketfulloffruits
aplaceworthavisit
6.定语从句
7.两个形容词用and或or连接作定语,进一步说明作用时。
people,youngorold
找一找下面句子中折后置定语。
1.Hedideverythingpossibletohelpus.
2.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.
3.Theyaretheboyseasiesttoteach.
4.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.
5.Powerstations,largeandsmall,havebeensetupalloverthecountry.
6.Thebasketfulloffruitsbelongstothebeautifulgirl.
7.Everybook,neworold,shouldbeputintheroom.
8.TheSmithsneedacargaragetwicelargerthanthisone.
9.TheprofessorspresentatthemeetingcamefromShandongUniversity.
10.Acarworth$80,000isnottoodearforhimtobuy.
11.Peopleinthevillage,youngandold,wenttoseethefilmyesterdayevening.
12.Theyproducedgasesalmostasharmfulasthegasesfromthefactories.
13.Therewasanancienttree30metreshigh.
14.Peopleawareoftheirownshortcomingsarewise.
六.状语
a.用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子;
b.说明时间,地点,条件,原因,目的,结果,程度,伴随等情况。
1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.
Hedriveshiscarcarefully.
2.Hehaslivedinthecity(sincetenyearsago).
3.Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere.
4.HeisproudtohavepassedtheEnglishexam.
5.Tobuyacomputer,Ineedmoney.
七.宾语补足语
a.有些宾语后须跟宾补,否则句子意义不完整,用来说明宾语的状态或特征。
八.同位语
a.用来对名词或代词的进一步解释,可由单词,短语或从句来充当;
b.可以理解为:
名语A=名词B,B作为A的同位语。
1.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,ismyhometown.
2.Mr.White,ourEnglishteacher,isverykindtous.
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
可分为:
a.陈述语气:
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
b.祈使语气:
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
c.虚拟语气:
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
虚拟语气的用法
1、在条件状从句中(条件从句有两类,一是真实条件句,另一是虚拟条件句。
)
2、▲含蓄的虚拟语气
3、butfor(要不是)
4、=(Ifthereweren’tfor…/Iftherehadn’tbeenfor…)
5、without...,
6、otherwise(否则)=or....
7、▲当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。
8、▲从句省略if,用倒装句式“were(had,should)+主语”
9、▲asif(though)好像,似乎;
wish(that…),但愿;
wouldrather(that…)宁愿某人…;
Ifonly要是…就好了
1)I'
dratherhedidn’tgonow.
2)Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.
2.名词性从句中“建议,吃惊”等语气
1)在宾语从句中
在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest(建议)advise(劝告)propose(建议)demand(要求)require(要求)insist(坚持要求)request(要求)command(命令)order(命令)等后的宾语从句中
▲suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要求某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Jane'
spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.
TheoldmaninsistedthatIhadtakenhiswallet.Infact,Ididn'
t.2)在同位语从句和表语从句中
表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等表语和同位语从句中。
3)在主语从句中
谓语动词的虚拟语气用(should)do的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此还可用来表示建议、命令、要求和失望等。
注意:
如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。
Itisapitythatyoucan’tswim.
Itisapitythat
thatshedidn’tcomeyesterday.
3、其他形式的虚拟语气
1)动词think;
hope;
expect;
want;
mean;
intend;
plan
等表示过去未曾实现的愿望,意为“过去本来…”
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheUSAandstudythere,butshelikedtostayinChina.
2)用于incase或forfearthat引导的状语从句中。
Don'
tlockthedoorincaseheshouldcomebacklateat
night.
Taketheumbrellaforfearthatitshouldraintomorrow
简单句
由一个(并列)主语和一个(并列)谓语构成的句子.
1)HeworkshardatEnglish.
2)BothTomandJackenjoypopmusic.
3)Wesanganddancedyesterdayevening.
4)MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackatsevenintheevening.
1简单句的五种基本结构
--各成分在句中的排列顺序(语序)
①主语+连系动词+表语
(S+V+P
连系动词:
连系主语和表语,没有被动形式,后接形容词,名词。
说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词又可作实义动词。
(1)表状态:
be/stand/lie/stay/keep/remain/fall...
(2)表变化:
turn/become/get/grow/go/come...
(3)表感觉:
taste/smell/sound/look/feel/
appear/seem...
(4)表证实:
prove/turnout...
1)Thefishsmellsterrible.Itmustbebad.
2)Aliceislikehisfather.Sheisfriendlytoeveryone.
②主语+不及物动词
(S+Vi)
a.及物动词(vt):
后须带宾语。
如:
receive,find,like,buy等。
b.不及物动词(vi):
后不需宾语,如要加宾语须有介词。
look,go,listen,work,rise,sit,come,happen等。
不及物动词没有被动形态。
c.有些动词既可作及物又可作不及物,如:
ring,speak,grow,read,sing等
1)Myfatherhasgoneabroad.
AnniswaitingforKateatthegate.
③主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)
a.及物动词除单词动词以外,还有短语动词,它由单词动词加介,副词构成。
在使用时,作为一个整体来看,它也可分为及物和不及物.
b.(及物动词)lookinto/callon/lookafter/workout/catchupwith/goonwith/breakawayfrom/lookdownupon/takecareof/takepartin/playapartin/beafraidof/befondof/befamiliarwith…
(不及物动词)...stayup/breakout/comeout/dieout/lookout/givein/turnup/comeback/setout
1)Iusuallydomyhomeworkathomeintheevening.
2)Canadahasagreatdealofcoal,oilandgas.
3)HedecidedtoworkharderatEnglish.
10)You'
dbetterlookupthewordinadictionary.
④主语+及物+间接宾语/人+直接宾语/物(S+Vt+IO+DO)
可接双宾语的常用动词
a.间接宾语也可位于直接宾语后,此时两者之间要加介词for或to.
b.有些动词只能以"
动词+事物+to/for某人"
出现。
主语+及物+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+Oc)
a.宾语补足语和宾语合称为复合宾语。
汉语中含有“使成为,称作,以为,保持”等意义的动词常带复合宾语。
如:
call/consider/think/elect/find/make/leave/…
1)Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.
2)Weconsidertheboy(tobe)honest.
3)Wefoundamanlyingontheground.
2下列各句含有什么状语从句
01.Itwasrainingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
02.Hekeptworkingasifnothinghadhappened.
03.Hewassoangrythat
helefttherewithoutsayingaword.
04.Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.
05.Assoonashecametotheclassroom,hebegantoreadEnglish.
06.Nowthat
youhavegrownup,youmustdoitbyyourself.
07.Theteacherspokeclearlysothathisstudentscouldunderstand.
08.Iwon’tgotothepartyunlessIaminvited.
09.Iwillbuythepicture,however
expensiveitis.
10.Makeamark(记号)whereyouhaveanyquestions.
11.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
12.Nomatterwhatyousay,noonebelievesyou.
13.Ihavewrittentohimtwicesince
Ileftschool.
14.Eventhough
Imayfail,
Iwilltryagain.
15.Takearaincoatwithyouincaseitrains.
4目的状语从句
5结果状语从句
6让步状语从句
7比较状语从句
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