届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七16页word版Word下载.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七16页word版Word下载.docx
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Therisksofkeepingsuchsensitivedataprivatearehigh.Thepotentialforabuseexists;
forexample,insurancecompaniescouldtheoreticallyusegeneticdatatorefusecoverage(保险项目),Greensays.Butthesystemsinplacetopreventmisuseappeartobeworking.OneistheGeneticInformationNondiscriminationAct,a2008lawthatprotectsconsumersfromemploymentandinsurancediscriminationrelatedtogenetics.Aslongasthat’sthecase,Greensays,thegoodofgenetictestsoutweighsthebad.
SharonZehe,alawyerforthedepartmentoflaboratorymedicineandpathologyattheMayoClinic,takesamorecautiousapproach.“Familytreeservicescanbefun,butmakesureyouareusingareputableorganizationthathasstrongprivacypoliciesinplace,”shesays.“Geneticdataisbiologicallyasimportantasafingerprint.”
32.WhoistheGoldenStateKiller?
A.RobertGreen.B.JosephJamesDeAngelo.
C.Theauthor.D.SharonZehe.
33.Whatdrivestheuserstouploadtheirgeneticdata?
A.ThePolice’sforce.B.Theirrelatives’advice.
C.Theboss’sorder.D.Theirownwillingness.
34.Whomightmisusecustomers’geneticdata?
A.Thepolice.B.GEDmatch.
C.Insurancecompanies.D.23andMe.
35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Geneticdataisequaltoafingerprint.
B.A72-year-oldkillerwasputintoprison.
C.Murderscausesconcernforgeneticprivacy.
D.GeneticinformationissharedontheInternet.
参考范文:
32-35BDCC
[二]
Hisignorancewasasremarkableashisknowledge.Ofcontemporaryliterature,philosophyandpoliticsheappearedtoknownexttonothing.UponmyquotingThomasCarlyle,heinquiredinthenaivestwaywhohemightbeandwhathehaddone.Mysurprisereachedaclimax,however,whenIfoundincidentallythathewasignorantoftheCopernicanTheoryandofthecompositionoftheSolarsystem.
“Youappeartobeastonished,”Holmessaid,smilingatmyexpression.“NowthatIdoknowitIshalldomybesttoforgetit.Yousee,Iconsiderthataman’sbrainoriginallyislikealittleemptyattic,andyouhavetostockitwithsuchfurnitureasyouchoose:
Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross,sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings,sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.Itisamistaketothinkthatthelittleroomhaselasticwallsandcandistendtoanyextent.Dependuponit,therecomesatimewhenforeveryadditionofknowledgeyouforgetsomethingthatyouknowbefore.Itisofthehighestimportance,therefore,nottohaveuselessfactselbowingouttheusefulones.”
“ButtheSolarSystem!
”Iprotested.“Whatthedeuceisittome?
”heinterruptedimpatiently.
Onemorning,Ipickedupamagazinefromthetableandattemptedtowhileawaythetimewithit,whilemycompanionmunchedsilentlyathistoast.Oneofthearticleshadapencilmarkattheheading,andInaturallybegantorunmyeyethroughit.
Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,”anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.Itstruckmeasbeingaremarkablemixtureofshrewdnessandofabsurdity.Thereasoningwascloseandintense,butthedeductionappearedtometobefar-fetchedandexaggerated.Thewriterclaimedbyamomentaryexpression,atwitchofamuscleoraglanceofaneye,tofathomaman’sinmostthought.Deceit,accordingtohim,wasimpossibilityinthecaseofonetrainedtoobservationandanalysis.HisconclusionswereasinfallibleassomanypropositionsofEuclid.Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer.
“Fromadropofwater,”saidthewriter,“alogiciancouldinferthepossibilityofanAtlantic.Soalllifeisagreatchain,thenatureofwhichisknownwheneverweareshownasinglelinkofit.Likeallotherarts,thescienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy,norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.”
ThissmartlywrittenpieceoftheoryIcouldnotacceptuntilasuccessionofevidencesjustifiedit.
1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardHolmes?
[A]Praising.
Critical.
[C]Ironical.
[D]Distaste.
2.WhatwaydidtheauthortaketostickoutHolmes’uniqueness?
[A]Bydeduction.
Byexplanation.
[C]Bycontrast.
[D]Byanalysis.
3.WhatwastheHolmes’ideaaboutknowledge-learning?
[A]Learningwhateverybodylearned.
Learningwhatwasusefultoyou.
[C]Learningwhateveryoucameacross.
[D]Learningwhatwasdifferenttoyou.
4.Whatdidthearticlementionedinthepassagetalkabout?
[A]Onemaymasterthewayofreasoningthroughobservation.
Onemaybecomerathercriticalthroughobservationandanalysis.
[C]Onemaybecomerathersharpthroughobservationandanalysis.
[D]Onemaybecomepracticalthroughobservationandanalysis.
这是一篇“传记”,作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。
第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”,接着就是种种无知,达到突出其有知的成就。
两方面表达,一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释:
不能照单全收;
二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人,能一滴水见大海。
答案详解
1.A赞扬。
作者以无知烘托人物之有知,以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。
否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。
正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍,才智超人,洞察力强。
2.C作者采用对比手法。
3.B学习对你有用之物。
第二段福之表白,他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋,不能随意选择家具(知识)塞满空间,应选择“有用之才”,免得填满了废物,把有用之才挤出去。
4.C通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。
最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。
善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质,一点水能知大西洋。
这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。
也就是说,通过观察分析,人可以变得敏感聪慧,因为万物都有联系。
[三]
Thestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?
Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:
fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.
Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.
Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;
someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:
ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.
Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult,forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.
1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?
[A]Two[B]Three[C]Four[D]Five
2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?
[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.
[B]Toshowthesig
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