陕西西安地区八校学年高三第一次联考英语试题解析版文档格式.docx

陕西西安地区八校学年高三第一次联考英语试题解析版文档格式.docx

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A

Listedherearefourofthethousandsofimpressivemuseumsaroundtheworld.

TheGuggenheimMuseumBilbaoinBilbao，Spain

Builtin1997，theGuggenheimMuseumBilbaoisoneofthenewestintheworld.IthastransformedtheindustrialcityofBilbaointoatravelers'

desireddestination.Thebeautifularchitectureofthemuseumhasprovidedadramaticbackgroundformoviesandcommercials.

TheLouvreinParis，France

ProbablythemostfamousLouvrealsoholdsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld，the“MonaLisa”byLeonardodaVinci.Crowdscanbefoundanydaysurroundingthesmall，butmysteriouspaintingofthesmilingwoman.But，theLouvreismuchmorethanahometothe“MonaLisa”．TheLouvreisvisitedbymorepeopleeachyearthananyothermuseumintheworld.

TheBarnesFoundationinPhiladelphia，America

Justopenedinitsnewdowntownlocationin2012，theBarnesFoundationis“unique”inthatitisacompletelyreproduceddisplayfromoneman'

sprivatecollection.Dr.AlbertC．Barnesstartedcollectingartintheearly20thcenturyandcollected，amongothers，thelargestnumberoforiginalRenoirpaintingsintheworld.

TheUffiziGalleryinFlorence，Italy

Walkingonthemarbledfloorsfeelslikesteppingbackintime.Thebuildingitselfisabeautifulpalace—likestructurewithfrescoes（湿壁画）decoratingtheceilingsandwalls.Viewersarebowledover（印象深刻）bytheworksbyBotticelli，suchas“TheBirthofVenus”．Classicartworksfromnearly1，000yearsagodescribereligiouseventsofthetime.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopular?

A.TheLouvre.

B.TheGuggenheimMuseumBilbao.

C.TheBarnesFoundation.

D.TheUffiziGallery.

2.WhatmakestheBarnesFoundationparticular?

A.Itsstructure.B.Itscollection.

C.Itslocation.D.Itshistory.

3.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A.Anactivityposter.

B.Anexhibitionannouncement.

C.Anartshowreview.

D.Atravelguide.

【答案】1.A2.B3.D

【解析】

1本题考点为细节理解。

选A。

由TheLouvreinParis，France部分的"

Crowdscanbefoundanyday"

和"

TheLouvreisvisitedbymorepeopleeachyearthananyothermuseumintheworld"

可知卢浮宫人气最旺。

2本题考点为细节理解。

选B。

由TheBarnesFoundationinPhiladelphia，America部分的“theBarnesFoundationisuniqueinthatitisacompletelyreproduceddisplayfromoneman'

sprivatecollection”可以知道：

博物馆的特别之处在于其所有的展览品均是人工复制品。

3本题考点为推理判断。

选D。

由“Listedherearefourofthethousandsofimpressivemuseumsaroundtheworld”可以知道，文中主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆的情况，因此应为旅行指南。

B

"

DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday?

LindseywhisperstoTori.

Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,"

YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago."

WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?

Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman,Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis（a）notniceand（b）noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren'

tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）.Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:

itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.

Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.

Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?

Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:

thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor（传言）canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon'

t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe"

ingroup"

.Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority（优越感）.

Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:

itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo'

sanddon'

tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.

Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour"

juicystory"

mighthave.

4.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto_________.

A.introduceatopicB.presentanargument

C.describethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose

5.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatit___________.

A.breaksuprelationshipsB.embarrassesthelistener

C.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences

6.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinksthatgossipcan____________.

A.providestudentswithwrittenrules

B.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviors

C.forceschooltoimprovestudenthandbooks

D.attractthepolice'

sattentiontogroupbehaviors

7.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?

A.NeverbecomeagossiperB.Stayawayfromgossipers

C.Don'

tletgossipturnintoliesD.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip

【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D

4本题考点为推理判断题。

根据“"

可知，这叙述了两个人在说别人闲话的场景。

再根据第三段中的“WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?

Manyofourconversationsaregossip（闲话）.”因为后文主要叙述“说闲话”的影响。

由此推知，文章开头用两人的交谈是为了引出“说闲话”这个话题。

5本题考点为细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout”可以知道，传闲话重要的消极影响是会伤害到被谈论的人。

6本题考点为细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:

itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.”流言蜚语还有第三种效果：

它强化了人们应该如何行动的潜规则。

大卫·

威尔逊教授解释说，流言蜚语对群体行为的监控很重要。

这意味着如果你身边的每个人都在嘲笑约翰穿的衣服或简说的话，那么你可以打赌你穿的衣服或说的类似的话会让你得到同样的负面关注。

所以需要让人们注意他们的行为。

7本题考点为细节理解题。

根选D。

据最后一段中的“Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour"

mighthave.”可知，下次你想要传播最新消息的时候，想想你为什么要说闲话，你的“有趣的故事”可能会有什么影响。

所以，传闲话前一定要注意自己的行为。

C

Doyoueverpullyourphoneoutofyourpocket，thinkingitisvibrating（振动），onlytofindthatitisnˈt？

Thisphenomenon，whichscientistscall"

phantom（幻觉

）phonevibration"

，isverycommon．Around80%ofpeoplesurveyedsaytheyhaveimaginedtheirphonesvibratingwhentheywereactuallystill．

So，whatleadstothisuniversalbehavior？

AccordingtotheBBC，theexplanationliesinyourbrainˈsabilitytodiscoversignalsfromtheoutsideworld．Whenyourphoneisinyourpocket，therearetwopossiblestates：

itiseithervibratingornot．Meanwhile，youalsohavetwopossiblestatesofmind：

thejudgmentthatthephoneisvibrating，orthatitisnˈt．Ideally，youmatchthefourstatescorrectly．

However，sometimesyourbraindecidesthattheresultsofmissingacallaremoreseriousthana"

falsealarm"

．Therefore，youbecomemoresensitive（敏感的）tovibrationssothatyoudonˈtmissanything．Thisisjustlikethefirealarminyourhome---itcanbeannoyingwhenitgoesoffinresponsetojustatinybitofsmoke．Butthatˈsasmallpricetopaycomparedtoafirereallybreakingoutbecausethealarmfailstoalertyou．Now，youmightstillask：

whycanˈtourbrainsjustmakeeveryjudgmentcorrectlywithoutbeingtoosensitivetofalsesignals？

Theansweristhatyourbrainbearsaheavyburdeneveryday．"

Yougetalargeamountofsensory（感觉的）informationthatˈscomingfromyoureyes，earsandskin，andyoucanˈtdealwithallthatinformationallthetime，"

MichaelRothberg，aresearcheratBaystateMedicalCenterinSpringfield，US，toldLiveScience．

Forexample，therustling（沙沙声）ofclothingorthegrowling（咕咕声）ofyourstomachmaybothleadyourbraintobelievethattheycomefromthevibrationofyourphone-itisliketryingtohearyournamebeingcalledinanoisyroom．

So，perhapsyoushouldjustcheckyourphonewheneveryouthinkitˈsvibrating．Itˈsnottoomuchtroubletodothat，isit？

8.Accordingtothispassage，phantomphonevibration______．

A.iscommonamongpeoplewithmentalproblems

B.canmeasurepeopleˈsabilitytocollectinformation

C.happenswhenourbrainsreactsensitivelytofalsesignals

D.helpsourbrainstomakeveryquickandaccuratedecisions

9.Whyisthefirealarmusedasanexampleinthispassage？

A.Toshowusthefirealarmisassensitiveasthephonevibration．

B.Tohelpusunderstandthecauseofphantomphonevibrationbetter．

C.Totellusthephonevibrationusuallyhappenswhenafirebreaksout．

D.Toconvinceusitˈsimportanttocheckourphoneslikecheckingafirealarm．

10.AccordingtoMichaelRothberg，whichismainlyresponsibleforphantomphonevibration？

A.Anoisybackground．B.Alackofmuchattention．

C.Aheavyburdeneveryday．D.Anoverflowofsensoryinformation．

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoaboutphantomphone