no the symbolism in the scarlet letter论《红字》中的象征主义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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no the symbolism in the scarlet letter论《红字》中的象征主义Word文档下载推荐.docx
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指导教师
2016年5月20日
OntheSymbolismin
TheScarletLetter
AThesisSubmittedto
SchoolofForeignLanguagesof
HenanUniversityofEconomicsandLawin
PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor
theDegreeofBachelorofArts
By
XXX
Supervisor:
XXX
May20,2016
Abstract
TheScarletLetterisHawthorne’smostimportantsymbolicnovel,whichisthebestworkofHawthorneandoneoftheindubitablemasterpiecesofAmericanLiterature.AnditisthisnovelthatmakesNathanielHawthorneknownallaroundtheworld.Thisthesisstudiesthesymbolismthatissoskillfullyintheusageofthisnovel.Itenhancestheartisticeffectsofhisworkgreatly.InTheScarletLetter,symbolismrunsthroughthewholenovel.Themostimportantsymbolisthescarletletteritself.Notonlydoes“A”manifestinvariousforms,butalsoithaschangingmeaningsfrom“adultery”to“able”,even“angelic”inthenovel.Besides,thenameofthefourmajorcharactersinthenovel:
HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworthandPearlalsohavetheirownsymbolicmeanings.Someotherobjectsandnaturalsurroundingsthataredescribedinthenovelsuchasthejail,theforest,therosebushandsoonareallendowedwithadeepsymbolicsignificance.TheauthorofthethesiswillexploretheusageofsymbolisminTheScarletLetterfromthethreeaspectsmentionedaboveandanalyzeHawthorne’sskillfuluseofsymbolisminTheScarletLetter.
KeyWords:
thescarletletter;
symbolism;
HesterPrynne;
Pearl
(在正文之前使用小写罗马数字页码)
摘要
长篇小说《红字》是霍桑重要的象征主义代表作品,无疑也是美国文学浪漫主义时期最著名的作品之一。
也正是这部巨著使得霍桑誉满全球。
本文主要研究在这部作品中的象征主义手法,及通过象征主义如何加强作品的艺术效果。
整篇作品象征主义手法贯穿始终。
其中,最重要的要数红字“A”本身的象征意义。
它不仅以各种各样的形式出现,并且其象征意义不断变化,从“通奸”到“有能力的”甚至“天使般的”。
此外,本文还研究了小说中四个主要角色:
海丝特,丁梅斯代尔,齐灵沃斯,珠儿也都有其各自的象征意义。
小说中描述的景物和场景,例如监狱、森林、玫瑰花园等等也都寓意深刻。
本文正是从以上这几个方面着手,探究作者在小说《红字》中对象征主义手法的巧妙运用。
关键词:
红字;
象征;
海丝特·
普琳;
珍珠
Acknowledgements
Thisthesisistheproductoftheauthorandthesupervisor’sthreemonthsofefforts.IthasbeenrepeatedlyrevisedundertheguidanceofProfessorXXX.ItwasthejointeffortsofboththeauthorandtheteachersinForeignLanguagesDepartment.Theauthorwouldliketoexpresshis/herheartfeltthankstoProfessorXXXandtheteacherswhohavehelpedhim/herintheprocessofthethesiswriting.Theauthorwillalsogivehis/herthankstohis/herclassmatesandfriendswhohavehelpedhim/herrevisethethesis.Lastbutnotleast,theauthorwillgivehis/herheartfeltthankstohis/herparentswhohavealwaysbeensupportingandencouraginghim/her.
Contents
Introduction1
1VariousSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”3
1.1TheChangeoftheSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”3
1.1.1Adultery3
1.1.2AlonenessandAlienation4
1.1.3TheAble,AdmirableandAngel4
1.2TheScarletLetterandtheStrictnessofPuritanSociety5
2TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMainCharacters5
2.1HesterPrynne5
2.2ArthurDimmesdale6
2.3RogerChillingworth7
2.4Pearl9
3TheSymbolicMeaningsoftheObjectsintheNovel11
3.1TheLightandtheDarkness………………..………………………………….12
3.2ThePrisonandtheRoseBush………………...……………………………….13
3.3TheForestandtheArmor…………………...…………………………………14
Conclusion15
Bibliography17
(一级标题加粗,二级标题不加粗)
Introduction
NathanielHawthorneisagreatromanticnovelistinAmericainthe19thcenturyandisconsideredtobethefirstgreatestAmericanfictionwriterinthemoralistictradition.Hawthorneisoutstandinginliteratureskill,especiallyinhandlingsymbolism.Hiswork—TheScarletLetterisnotableforitssymbolismandisregardedasthefirstsymbolicnovelinAmericanliterature.
NathanielHawthornewasborninSalemin1804.HewasborninaprestigiousNewEnglandfamilycloselyrelatedwithPuritanchurch;
hisancestorsattendedthepersecutionofpeoplebelongingtodifferentchurches,suchasQuakers.Whenhewasborn,hisfamilydeclined.Hewasawareofhisancestors’misdeedsandthus“blacknessofHawthorne”formed.Hethoughtthatthereasonofhisfamily’sdeclineishisancestors’misdeeds.Andhedidn’tagreewiththeoptimismheldbyTranscendentaliststowardshumannature.Hewrotelotsofworksoneverlastingevilsideinhumannature.
Hawthorne’smasterpieceincludeshisshortstorycollections:
Twice-ToldTales;
MosesfromanOldManseandnovels:
TheScarletLetter;
TheHouseofSevenGables;
TheBlithedaleRomance;
TheMarbleFaun.
Hawthorne’swritingskillscanbesummarizedasfollows:
Hawthorneseemstobeinfluencedalotbythesinandevilinhissense.Hebelievesevilexistsinhumanheartallthetime.Forexample,inthenovelTheScarletLetter,theministerDimmesdaletriestopretendhowpureandpiousheis.Hewantstocoveruptheevilinhismind.NotonlyDimmesdalewantstodolikethis,butalsoallthepeopleintheworld,becauseweareonlyhumanbeings.Andtheeviljustlikesamarkthatexistsinourmindwhenweareborn.AndinHawthorne’smind,peoplewhocommitacrimemustbepunished,becausepeoplecangetexperiencefromthisway.Andalsohesupportspeopletotellthetruthandnottooffend.
Thestorybeginsinseventeenth-centuryBoston,whichisunderPuritancommand.Thehusband—anoldanduglyscholar,sendsayoungwoman,namedHesterPrynne,aheadtoAmerica.However,formanyyears,hehimselfdoesn’tarrive.Obviously,itispossiblethathehasbeenlostinthesea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterandayounglocalministercalledArthurDimmesdalefallinlovewitheachother.Theycommitadulterysecretly.BecauseofHester’sPregnancy,thesecretisfinallydiscovered.HesterandDimmesdaleloveeachother.Buttheirloveisforbiddeninthatstrictsociety.Itissinful.Duetothisfact,Hesterispunishedbysocietywithaletter“A”onherchest,whichisconsideredtobeanevil,ashame.
Hesterisbraveenoughtofacethecruelsociety.Sheisalwayswithamindofcourage.Shehasbeenalonewithherchildforsolongatime,withlittlecommunication.Hesterhastoweartheletter“A”daybyday,sevenyearsasforpunishmentandillfame.However,Hesterisakind-heartedwomanandisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeopleinthecommunitywithoutexpectinganythanks.Later,peopleinthetownnolongerviewthescarletletterAasapunishment,butratherasrepresentinghergreatstrengthandbraveryandtheysayitmeans“Able”.
ButArthurDimmesdale,hissinagainstHesterandPearlisthathewillnotacknowledgethemashiswifeanddaughterinthedaylight.Heistooweaktoadmithissins.Hesuffersfrommysterioushearttrouble,seeminglycausedbypsychologicaldistress.What’sworse,heisanadvisortothetownspeopleabouttheirsins.
AfterMr.Dimmesdale’sdeath,noonechangesmoreinappearancethanRogerChillingworth.Allhisstrengthandenergyhasbeenusedtoharmhispatient.Thisunhappymanhasmadehisaiminlifetoaddtothesufferingoftheyoungminister.Whentheeviloldmannolongerhassuchapurpose,thedeviltakeshimbacktothehell.
TheScarletLetterisaculturalallegory,inwhichtheauthorindirectlytellsthefutureofPuritanism.TheScarletLetterisasampleinwhichAmericanRomanticismadapteditselftoAmericanPuritanism.
TheresearchesonTheScarletLetter,bothathomeandoverseasarequiteflourishing:
fromitscontents,writingskillstorhetoricaldevices,fromitssinandsorrowtothedestiniesoftheprotagonists;
interpretedbymanyaliterarytheory,ithasbeenexploredfromtheperspectivesofpolyphony,psychoanalysis,mythicalprototypesandsoon.Inoverseaacademia,especiallytheAmericanacademia,since1932therehasbeenstudiesonNathanielHawthorne.Athome,manyscholarshavediscussedthesymbolisminTheScarletLetter.TherearemanystudiesabouttheScarletLetter“A”,suchasYangYin’sTheDifferentSymbolizingMeaningofAinTheScarletLetter,whichpointsouttheletterA’simpliedmeaningchangesasthethemedevelops.JiaYanandWangLijuanmakeastudyaboutthesymbolismofthefourmajorcharacters’namesintheirpaper,OntheSymbolizingMeaningsofTheMainCharactersinTheScarletLetter.Theythinktheheroine’snameHesterPrynnecontainsthemeaningofbeauty,passion,rash,hasty,desire,purifyingthesoul,andsoon.Whilethehero,ArthurDimmesdale,whoseinitialsAD,whichalsostandsforadultery.AndtheresearchonthesymbolismoftheobjectsinthesettingshasbeenstudiedbyZengYanbo,inhisessayOnSymbolisminTheScarletLetter,settingsbecomeoneofmajorelementsofsymbolism,suchasthescaffold,whichisthedominatingpointatthebeginning,inthemiddle,andattheendofthestory.ZhangJulanmakesaprofounddiscussionaboutthesymbolisminTheScarletLetter,andrevealsthesignificanceofsymbolisminthenovel.Besides,shealsodiscussesthecrimeofthenatureandtheredemptionoftheGodinthenovel.Inthesearticles,criticsresearchthesymbolisminTheScarletLetterandthegreatsignificanceofsymbolismonlyfromtheirspecialperspective.Therefore,acomprehensiveandsystematicstudyofthesymbolisminTheScarletLetterisverynecessary.Thisthesiswillfocusonthesymbolismindetailbasedonaboveresearchresults.
Thisthesisconsistsofthreeparts.ThefirstpartmainlydiscussesthesymbolicmeaningsofthescarletletterA.ThescarletletterAisthemostimportantsymbolinthebookwhichchangesitsmeaninggraduallyfrombeginningtotheend.Thesecondpartillustratesthesymbolicmeaningofthefourcharacters.Eachcharacterrepresentsdifferentmoralaspectswhichalsoreflectedthroughtheirnames.Thethirdpartfocuses
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