高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句Word文件下载.docx
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高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句Word文件下载.docx
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)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005---whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers----and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
6.(2018全国卷
)(改错)Theyalsohadasmallpondinwhich/wheretheyraisedfish.
7.(2017全国卷
)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.
8.(2017全国卷
)(改错)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.
9.(2017全国卷
)(改错)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime.
10.(2017全国卷
)Butsarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.
11.(2016全国卷
)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfuciuswholivedfromroughly551-to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.
12.(2016全国卷
)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.
13.(2015全国卷
)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.
14.(2019·
江苏卷)Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.
15.(2019·
天津卷)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.
16.(2018·
江苏卷)SelfdrivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.
17.(2018·
北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.
18.(2017·
北京卷)Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.
19.(2017·
天津卷)Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.
20.(2017·
江苏卷)In1963,theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.
21.(2017·
浙江卷)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot'
sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.
22.(2019·
北京卷)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'
schancesandresources.
23.(2019·
浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.
三.考点总结,查漏补缺
知识点一:
定语及定语从句
翻译句子,画出句子的定语成分。
Thegirlbehindthetreeiskate.
Thegirlwhoisbehindthetreeiskate.
Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.
Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.
Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.
MostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
Youneedsomeonetolookafteryou.
Youneedsomeonewhocanlookafteryou.
Shehasagardenmuchlargerthanyours.
Shehasagardenwhichismuchlargerthanyours.
小结:
定语从句:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
头系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;
关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
引号定语从句;
代替先行词;
在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
Thewomenwhoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.
该句中,whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.是定语从句,修饰先行词thewomen,who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词thewomen,在定语从句中作主语。
知识点二:
关系代词引导的定语从句
翻译句子,画出定语从句,圈出关系词并分析其功能。
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Thefilm(which/that)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.
总结:
关系词类别
关系词
先行词
充当从句中的句子成分
关系代词
who
人
主,宾,表
whom
宾
which
物
that
人或物
as
whose
定
注意:
定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。
(指人时可以用who/whom)
1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。
如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,much等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.
4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
5.当先行词既有人又有物时。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.
知识点三:
关系副词引导的定语从句
ChinaistheonlyCuntrywherewildpandascanbefound.
IstillrememberthetimewhenIlivedinthecountryside.
Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?
关系副词
where
地点
状
when
时间
why
reason
Ex:
a.
Shewon’tforgetthedaysthat/which/×
shespentontheislands.
Shewon’tforgetthedays___when____theystayedtogether.
b.
Theteacherdidn’tknowthereasonwhyshewasabsentyesterday.
Thetearchercouldn’tacceptthereasonthat/which/×
sheexplainedyesterday.
c.
Thisistheparkthat/which/×
wevisitedlastyear.
Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.
总结:
1.关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作_主语、宾语_、定语_。
关系副词在定语从句中作_状语_。
2.如何选用定语从句的关系词
(1)首先分清主句和从句。
(2)确定定语从句修饰的先行词,指人还是指物。
(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)
(4)若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,若在从句中做状语_,则选择关系副词。
知识点四:
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时,位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom,构成介词+which(指物);
介词+whom(指人)两种结构。
Theserviceaboutthatthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.(改错)
HeisalibraryassistantfromwhoIborrowedsomebooks.(改错)
2.代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+which/whom或of+which/whom+the+名词结构;
of表所属关系。
Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken.
=Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken.
Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent.
=Thisismyteacherthehandwritingofwhomisexcellent.
=Thisismyteacherofwhomthehandwritingisexcellent.
3.关系副词when,where,why可以相应地转化为"
介词+which"
结构。
Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedaywhen/onwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhich_hesaidso.
4.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some,any,none,both,all,many,afew,few,alittle,little,either,neither,one等修饰。
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhom(他们俩)areverykindtohim.
Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(其中3本)areaboutcountrylife.
5.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中,介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则1.介词与先行词的关系2.从句谓语动词的搭配3.整个句子表达的意思。
简称“一先,二动,三意义”。
Thisisthecar×
whichIboughtlastyear.
ThisisthecarforwhichIpaid100$.
ThisisthecaronwhichIspent100$.
ThisisthecarinwhichIgotoworkeveryday.
ThisisthecarwithoutwhichIcan’tgotowork.
Thisisthecarbywhichtheoldwomanwasknockeddown.
Thisisthecaratwhichaboythrewastone.
Thisisthecaraboutwhichwetalked.
Thisisthecarofwhichthewindowwasbroken.
6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,一般还是放在动语之后,不提前:
Heisthestudent(who/whom/that)theteachersarelookingfor.
Thenumberofthechildren(who/whom/that)shetakescareofis30.
知识点五:
非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
观察以下句子,完成下列表格。
限制性定语从句:
TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句:
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
LastsummerIvisitedGreatHallofthepeople,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus.
区别
限制性定语从句
形式
与主句之间不用逗号隔开
与主句之间有逗号隔开
功能
对先行词进行限定、修饰。
如果省去从句部分剩余部分意义便不完整、不明确
对先行词作附加说明。
去掉后,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确
名词、代词或名词词组
名词、名词词组或整个主句
引导词
所有关系词
除that和why之外的关系词
翻译
先译从句再译先行词
主句从句分别翻译
2.As与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
位置上
只放在主句的后面
位置灵活,可放在主句之
前、之后或中间
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如
see,hear,know,expect,
remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
意为“正如,正像..的那样”
ASisoftenthecase,Girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.
Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asitoftenhappens.
Hechangedhismindagain,whichmadeusallangry.
知识点六:
定语从句用法的其他注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不可省略。
Doyouknowthegirlistalkingwithyourmother?
(误)
TheboyyousawjustnowisTom’sbrother.(正)
2.定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.
TitanicistheonlyoneofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.
3.当先行词受thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swed
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