非谓语动词Word文档下载推荐.docx
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非谓语动词Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Shehopestomeetherboyfriend.
Frankintendedtogotothemovies.
否定形式为:
S+V1+not+to+V2.
Wedesirenottogoshoppingnow.
2)S+V1+宾语+to+V2原形
此句型多用以下动词:
a.表示“命令、忠告”:
wish,want,like,ask,tell,teach,advise,beg,allow,order,expect等。
b.表示“判断”:
think,believe,suppose等。
Iwanthertodothedifficultwork.
Theyallowedmetofishhere.
Itoldyounottodoit.
3)S+V+(O)+疑问词+to+V原形
疑问词包括:
when,where,how,what,which,whether等。
Idon’trememberwhentoendthisclass.
Josephtaughtushowtopronouncethisword.
a.how,when,where为疑问副词,不可作宾语,适用公式为:
how/where/when+to+Vi/Vt+O
Wouldyoutellmehowtoenterthisbuilding?
b.what,which,whom为疑问代词,可以作宾语,适用公式为:
what/which/whom+to+Vi/Vt(无需加宾语)
Iforgetwhattodointhenextworkingperiod.
c.疑问词+to+V原形可作主、宾或表语:
Wheretoparkthecarisstillaproblem.
Iamlearningwhentoaskaquestioninpropersituations.
Anotherproblemishowtopasstheoraltest.
4)S+V1+it+Adj/N+to+V2原形
句中主动词通常为:
find,think,believe,consider,make,take,regard等。
IfyouworkhardatEnglishpronunciation,youwillfinditsweettospeakit.
Weconsideritaruletorespecttheeldersandthelearned.
c.作补语
有两种形式:
a.主语补语
Toseeistobelieve.
MywishistohelpthepoorinAmerica.
b.宾语补语
Weallthinkhertobehonest.
Iexpecthertomarryme,notanyoneelse.
D.作形容词用
1)N+toVt/Vi+介词
Itisthebestwaytoarriveatthedestination.
Manypoorpeoplehavefewhousestolivein.
Ihavenopentowritewith.
Sheislookingforachairtositin.
a.作形容词用的不定式,如果修饰宾语时,Vi要加介词。
b.be动词后面的不定式可表示“未来、预定、义务”等含义.
Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow.
WearetogetmarriedthisMay.
E.作副词用
1)表示目的
句型a:
to/inorderto/soasto+V原形
=withaneyeto/withaviewto+V-ing
=that/sothat/inorderthat+S+may/might+V原形
=forthepurposeof+V-ing
含义:
为了,以便
Icometomeetyou.
=Icomeinordertomeetyou.
=IcomeinorderthatImay/canmeetyou.
=Icomeforthepurposeofmeetingyou.
a.此类用法的不定式短语,通常放在动词之后,也可置于句首,但需要用逗号隔开。
Sheclosedthedoorinordertokeepwarm.
=Inordertokeepwarm,sheclosedthedoor.
b.不定式之前有only时,表示“反意的结果”。
Stevensonlovedheronlytodivorce.
句型b.notto/inordernotto/soasnotto+V原形
=lest/forfear/incasethat+S+should
=that/sothat/inorderthat+S+may/might+not+V原形
=forfearofV-ing/N
为了不,以便不
Theywentawaynottomeether.
=Theywentawayinordernottomeether.
=Theywentawayinorderthattheycouldnotmeether.
=Theywentawaylesttheymeether.
=Theywentawayforfearofmeetingher.
2)表示结果
so+adj/adv+astoV原形/that+S+can/could+V原形。
=adj/adv+enoughto+V原形
如此---以至于
JohnworkedsohardatEnglishtopasstoentranceexamination.
=Johnworkedsohardthathecouldpassentranceexamination.
=Johnworkedhardenoughtopassentranceexamination.
句型b:
too+adj/adv+to原形
=so+adj/advthatS+cannot+V原形
=not+adj/adv+enoughto+V原形
太---以至不能
Iamtoobusytoplaywithyou.
=IamsobusythatIcan’tplaywithyou.
=Iamnotleisureenoughtoplaywithyou.
a.如果强调某人,可用句型:
too+adj/adv+for+sb+toV原形
Thisfilmistoodifficultformetounderstand.
也可用句型:
too+adj/adv+for+N/V-ing
Thesceneryistoobeautifulforword.
Heistooshortforthatjob.
b.too之前加有only时,意为“very”,且多置于happy,glad,pleased等之前。
WeareonlytoopleasedtolearnEnglishwithMary.
c.too之后有ready,apt,liable,inclined,easy等形容词时,理解为“非常---”。
ThomaswastooinclinedtoreadEnglishbeforesleep.
句型c:
not/nevertoo+adj/adv+to+V原形
不至于太---而不能
Itisnottoolatetofightthepollution.(防治污染是不会太迟的。
)
句型d:
too---notto
含义:
太---不会不
Sheistooseriousnottotakeisforgranted.
F.省略to的不定式
1)感官动词
主动形式的感官动词常用下列句型:
see/watch/feel/notice等+S+V原形
Isawhimswimrunaroundthebuilding.
a.此类动词还有:
lookat,listento.V原形表示该动作已经结束或经常发生。
b.该句型中主语后面的动词还可以用另外两种形式:
V-ing---表主动,说明动作正在进行;
V过去分词---表被动。
WhenIarrivedhome,Ihearagirlsinginginthenextroom.
Iheardmynamecalledonmywayhome.
c.感官动词如用于被动语态,其后应该加to。
Thethiefwasarrested,buthestilldidknowthatwhenheenteredtheoffice,hewasseentoenterit.
2)使役动词
使役动词的宾语如果是表示“发出动作”,用V原形;
如果表示“接受动作”,则用V。
过去分词;
而V-ing表示在某一个阶段或时间让某人做某事。
句型如下:
have/make/let+S+V原形/V-ing/(be)V过去分词。
Don’tworry.IwillhaveTomgoovertohelpyou.
Iamtoobusytohavemywashingmachinerepaired.
Thehorsewasmadeworkingfromdaytonight.
1)用let时,其后的宾语如果是被动,需要在过去分词前加be动词。
LettheprojectbedonebyHank.
2)make用于被动语态时,后加to+V。
Beforeliberation,manyfarmersaremadetowonderfromheretothere.
3)help之后的to通常省去。
MissWangoftenhelpsmelearnChinese.
3)惯用短语
下列短语之后须接省to的动词不定式:
hadbetter(最好),would/hadrather(宁愿),maywell(可以),may/mightaswell(不妨,倒不如),donothingbut/cannotbut(只能,不得不),all(S)havetodois(to)---(S所要做的是---)。
Youhadbetternotgothere.
Iwouldratherdiethandoit.
Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.
Icannotbutlaugh.
Hemaywellsayso.
Youmayaswellknowthetruth.
All(that)Ihavetodois(to)takearest.
=WhatIhavetodois(to)takearest.
Ifhepersistsinlaziness,hemightaswellwithdrawfromschool.
a.wouldrather+V原形than+V原形
b.donothingbut+V原形;
havenochoicebut+to+V原形
c.donothingbut中,如果do改换成其它动词,but之后的形式要根据该动词才能确定。
IdesiresnothingbuttolearnmorethingsabouttheEnglishlanguage.
Shealwaysthinksofnothingbutlivingaleisurelife.
Weallavoidnothingbutbeingseenbytheenemyinfrontofus.
d.省略to后面的动词部分,其目的是要避免动词重复的出现,但要保留符号to(以表示该处原来有一个不定式结构),如:
Iaskedhimtogotothemovies,buthedidn'
twantto(gotothemovies)
Hewantedtohelpusbuthewasnotableto.
WillyouvisitNewYorksomeday?
--I'
dliketo.│
G.不定式的时态
句型:
1.S+V1+to+V2/have+V2过去分词
to+V表示与V1同时发生;
have+V2过去分词表示先于V1发生。
Heseemstobewellnow.
HeseemstohavebeentoBeijing.
Hello,nicetomeetyou.
Nicetohavemetyou.Seeyounexttime.
Theshipissupposedtohaveleftanhourago.
此类动词V1有:
seem,appear,say,believe,think,suppose,beglad/sorry等。
2.S+V1一般现在时+to+V2原形
3.S+V1过去式+to+have+V2过去分词
句型2表示希望、打算、期待,V2尚未发生;
句型3表示没有变成现实的希望、打算、期待。
此类V1主要有:
希望---hope,wish,want;
打算---mean,intend,plan;
期待---expect;
许诺---promise.
Ihopetomeetyouoncemore.
Ihopedtohavecompletedthisproject.
Iexpectedtohavemarriedyou.
H.不定式的语态
1.to+V主动
2.to+be+V被动
Nooneintheworldlikestobelaughedat,butmanypeopleliketolaughatothers.
Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappinessonearth.
a.下列形式主动表被动:
Theshopistolet.
Heshouldbetoblameforwhathehasdone.
b.在形容词之后的不定式须用主动形式,表被动。
ThisEnglishnovelisdifficulttoread,evenfortheEnglishnatives.
Dericisnoteasytogetalongwith.
I.to+V原形构成的惯用语
tosumup
总之
strangetosay
说来奇怪
tobesure
的确
sadtosay
遗憾的是
tobebrief
简而言之
needlesstosay
无需说
tobeginwith
首先
sotospeak
所谓
totellthetruth
老实说
nottomention
更不用说
tomakemattersworse
更麻烦的是
todoonejustice
公平而言
tobefrank
坦白地说
toone’ssorrow/grief
令人悲伤的是
toone’sjoy/delight/pleasure
令人高兴的是
toone’sdisappointment
令人失望的是
toone’sregret
令人后悔的是
toone’sembarrasment
令人难堪的是
五.分词
分词有两种形式和意义:
现在分词---V-ing主动、进行
过去分词---V-p.p被动、完成
比较:
asmilingbaby/abrokenheart
adevelopingnation/adevelopednation
Iaminterestedinthisinterestingmagazine.
Theshockingnewsmadeallofussurprised.
1.作主动词
该用法有三种形式:
1)be+V-ing:
进行时
Whatisthematter?
Iambathing.
Whentheycalledmelastnight,itwasrainingcatsanddogs.
2)be+Vp.p:
被动语态
Thewindowwasbrokenbyaboy.
3)have/has/had+Vp.p:
完成时
Timshasfallenasleepwhenthisfilmends.
Beforeyouconfessedtome,Ihadknownthereasonforthisaccident.
2.作形容词用,修饰名词
1)位于名词之前。
Arollingstonegathersnomoss.
Alostchancewillnevercomeback.
2)位于名词之后。
此类用法多由关系从句转变而来,且通常有词主伴随。
Idon’tunderstandthegirlstandinginfrontofthecar.
=Idon’tunderstandthegirlwhoisstandinginfrontofthecar.
TheEnglishbecomesthelanguagespokenmostwidelyintheworld.
=TheEnglishbecomesthelanguagethatisspokenmostwidelyintheworld.
3作补语
1)作主语补语
此类用法既可用在go,come,lie,sit,stand之后,也可用在连系动词之后,如seem,appear,look,sound,feel,smell,get,become,remain等。
Thegirlalwayssitstherereadingbookswhichisunknowntome.
Thecatcamecryingtome.
TheEnglishteachersattheresurroundedbyherstudents.
Hearingthenews,Idon’tfeeldisappointedanymore.
a.连系动词之后的现在分词说明主语(事/物)的客观性质;
过去分词说明主语(人)的主观心理感受。
b.部分动词的过去分词或现在分词有时为固定用法,须注意:
Thatwomandressed/dressingherselfinpurpleismymother.
ThetimeIarrivedatschool,IfoundJohnseated/sitting/seatinghi
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