Seven Essential Strategies Introduced in the Translation CourseWord格式文档下载.docx
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Seven Essential Strategies Introduced in the Translation CourseWord格式文档下载.docx
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5.Domesticating
Foreignizing13
6.Formal
Informal17
7.SyntacticLinearity19
1.amplification
omission
1.1.Introduction
BothamplificationandomissionareusefultechniquesusedinthetranslationfromChineseintoEnglish,andviceversa.ThedifferentcharacteristicsofthestructuresbetweenChineseandEnglishmakethetranslatorsadoptproperlythetechniquesofamplificationandomissioninthetranslationpractice.
1.2.Examples
1.2.1Amplification
1)Addingsubjectsandobjects
他决心继续他的实验,不过这次将用另一种办法来做。
Heisdeterminedtocontinuehisexperimentbutthistimehe’lldoitinanotherway.
书到后应立即付款。
Youaresupposedtopayrightafterthebooksaredelivered.
2)Addingarticles
宿舍外的骚动分子分散了我的注意力。
Adisturbanceoutsidemydormitorydistractedmyattention.
你认为我花园里那红白相间的玫瑰怎么样?
Howdoyouliketheredandwhiterosesinmygarden?
任何物质,不论是固体、液体或气体,都是由原子构成的。
Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhereitisasolid,aliquid,oragas.
3)Addingconjunctionsandconnectivewords(and,or,but,for,so…that…,too…to,aswellas,ingeneral,withregardto,inparticular)
我告诉他该走了,他匆匆忙忙地走了。
Itoldhimitwastimetogoandhehurriedaway.
这个工作对专家来说容易,对没有经验的人来说困难。
Theworkiseasyforanexpert,whereasitisdifficultforaninexperiencedperson.
变化太小,观察不出。
Thechangeistoolittletobeobserved.
我们是多年的朋友,一旦分开,难免会依依不舍。
Sinceweareclosefriendsforyears,surelywecannottearawayfromeachother,oncewehavetopartcompany.
那对年轻夫妇当时非常穷,买不起价钱如此昂贵的彩电。
TheyoungcoupleweresopoorthattheycouldnotaffordsuchanexpensivecolourTVset.
我不爱喝饮料。
Idon’tlikesoftdrinks.
在背后说我们好话的人才是一个真正的朋友。
Heisafriendindeedthatspeakswellofusbehindourbacks.
一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。
Afenceneedsthesupportofthreestakes,acapablefellowneedsthehelpofthreeotherpeople.
1.2.2Omission
1)Quantifiers
一支笔apen一朵花aflower
一匹马ahorse一堵墙awall
一把椅子achair一面镜子amirror
一块肥皂acakeofsoap
一串葡萄abunchofgrapes
一粒沙子agrainofsand
2)Functionwords
无论谁去,我都没意见。
Whoevergoes,Ishallhavenoobjection.
快点吧。
他们一定在等着我们。
Hurryup.Theywillbewaitingforus.
你一定听到消息了,所以我没有必要重述。
Youwillhaveheardthenews,soIneednotrepeatit.
上星期他来看过我。
Hecametovisitmelastweek.
3)Collocationandtense
虽然他们知道这场比赛必输无疑,但是他们决不放弃。
Thoughtheyknowthecompetitionislost,theywillbynomeansgiveup.
因为可能下雨,所以他们决定不去旅行了。
Asitlookedlikerain,theydecidedtogiveupthetrip.
4)Categorywords
他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。
Theiroptimismmovedusgreatly.
中国的落后状态必须改变。
ThebackwardnessofChinamustbechanged.
他感到了一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
Hefeltthepatriotismrisewithinhisheart.
5)Idiomsandfour-characterphrases
自给自足
self-sufficient
经久耐用
durable
清规戒律
taboos
水深火热
indeepwater
花言巧语
finewords
2.cultural
filtering
2.1Introduction
A‘culturalfilter’isameansofcapturingcontextualdifferencesinexpectationnormsbetweenrecipientsinL1andL2contexts.Theapplicationofaculturalfiltershouldhoweverideallynotbelefttoaccidentalindividualintuition,butbeinlinewithrelevantcross-culturalresearch.
everitisonehastoknoworbelieveinordertooperateinamanneracceptabletoasociety’smembers,anddosoinanyrolethattheyacceptforanyoneofthemselves....Cultureisnotamaterialphenomenon;
itdoesnotconsistofthings,people,behavior,oremotions.Itisratheranorganizationofthesethings.Itistheformsofthingsthatpeoplehaveinmind,theirmodelofperceiving,relating,andotherwiseinterpretingthem.
nthecaseofcontext,a“dynamic”,negotiableviewofcultureisNOTusefulfortranslation,becauseintranslatingatext,onemustrefertoaconcretepointintimeandspaceandadoptastatic,necessarily“essentialist”ideaofculture.Thisshouldnotbedisqualifiedasnaivelyignoringthecomplexityofculture,asintranslationwealsotakeaccountofempiricalresearchintoculturesasinterpretivedevicesforunderstandingcommunicativebehavior.Forexample:
Germansoftenexpressthemselvesinmoredirect,explicitandcontent-orientedwaysthanAnglophonespeakers.
Suchcross-culturaldifferencescanbedisplayedalongdimensionssuchasdirectnessvs.indirectness;
explicitnessvs.implicitness;
focusoncontentvs.focusonpersons.
2.2.Examples
2.2.1.ADVERTISEMENTAIRFRANCE(TranslationsfromFrenchintoEnglishandGerman,backtranslated)
Weknowhowharditisforbusinesstravellerstohavetoconcentrateontheirworkwhilewagingtheeternalbattleofthearmrest,sowehavere-arrangedthespacebetweenourL’EspaceEuropeseats.Wherethereusedtoberowsofthreeseats,therearenowtwoseatsseparatedbyatable.Yourseatisnowmuchwider,morecomfortableandthetotalspacemoreconducivetoalittleprivacy.
Businesstravellerswanttostudytheirfiles,readnewspapersorpreparethemselvesquietlyforameeting.Preferablywithoutgettingtooclosetothemansittingnexttothem.Orthewoman.Thisiswhywehavecompletelyre-arrangedourL’EspaceEurope.Bigger,morebeautifulandcomfortableandaboveallwithverywelcomespaceforputtingthingsonbetweentheseats.Formuchelbowroomforreading,eatingandrelaxinginexactlytherightdistance.Andalsoforstimulatingconversations.
2.2.2.TheBodyShop:
CorporateStatement(OriginalEnglish,BackTranslationfromGerman)
Weconsidertestingproductsoringredientsonanimalsmorallyandscientificallyindefensible
Weareoftheopinionthatexperimentswithanimalsinthecosmeticsindustryareneithernecessarynormorallydefensible
2.2.3.MiltonMeissnerLettertoSharesholders(OriginalEnglish,backtranslatedfromGerman)
Asyouwillnote,wehaveaskedthatyoudesignateabank(orbroker)towhichyourdividendcertificateswillbesent.Yourbank(orbroker)shouldindicateitsconfirmationofyoursignature…
Asyouwillnote,wehaveaskedyoutonameabank(orabroker)towhichthedividendcertificatesshallbesent.Youhavetoaskthebank(orthebroker)toconfirmyoursignature…
CovertTranslation
3.1Introduction
Overtandcoverttranslationareoutcomesofdifferenttypesofre-contextualisation.TheyresembleSchleiermacher’sfamousdistinctionbetween‘alienating’and‘integrating’translations,whichhashadmanyimitatorsusingdifferent,butessentiallysimilarterms.
Whatsetstheovert-covertdistinctionapartisthefactthatitisintegratedintoacoherenttheoryoftranslation,withinwhichthesetermsareexplicated.Inoverttranslation,recipientsarequite‘overtly’NOTdirectlyaddressed,becauseanoverttranslationisquiteovertlyatranslation,nota‘secondoriginal’.Anditshows:
whileanoverttranslationmustneedsbeembeddedinanewcontext,italso,atthesametime,schizophrenically,signalsitsorigin.Thetranslator’sworkisimportantandvisible:
itistoenableL2memberstoobserveandjudgetheoriginal’simpact“fromoutside”AlthoughanoverttranslationanditsoriginalareequivalentatthelevelsofLanguage/Text,Register,Genre,onlysecond-levelfunctionalequivalenceispossible:
givingaccesstotheoriginal’sfunction.SincethisaccessistobeintheL2,acontextualswitchisnecessary.Butbecausethereisthisthree-tierequivalence,theoriginal’scontextisco-activatedinthemindsofthetranslatorandL2addresseessoastoenablethemto“eavesdrop”andappreciatetheoriginal’sfunctioninitsnewguise.
Acoverttranslationisatranslationwhichenjoysthestatusofanoriginaltextinanewcontext.Thetranslationiscovertbecauseitisnotmarkedasatranslation,butmay,conceivably,havebeencreatedinitsownright.AnoriginalanditscoverttranslationarepragmaticallyofequalconcernforL1andL2addresseesintheirdifferentcontexts.Thetranslatorre-createsanequivalentspeecheventandreproducestheoriginal’sfunctionwiththeresultthatacoverttranslationoperatessolelyinthenewL2context,withnoattemptmadetoco-activatethecontextinwhichtheoriginalhadunfolded.
3.2.Examples
3.2.1.Overttranslation
下岗工人“off-the-postworkers”
“armedtotheteeth”“武装到了牙齿”
“shedthecrocodiletears”“鳄鱼的眼泪”。
“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉”
“youarelikeatoadtryingtoswallowaswan”
3.2.2.CovertTranslation
“他已黔驴计穷,只好撒野。
”翻译成“Havingexhaustedallhistricks,hecoulddonothingbutactwildly”
TheybruisedtheAchilles’heelofhim时只能隐性翻译成“他们击中了他的要害部位。
”
“他壮实得像头牛”翻译成英语的“Heisasstrongasahorse
“落汤鸡”则翻成“adrownedrat”.
“您长途飞行,一路上一定很累了吧?
”
“Ihopeyouhavehadasmoothflight.”
“哪里哪里!
”“Thankyouforyourkindwords”
English
4.1Introduction
InviewofthemultiplicityofEnglishandtheincreasingattentiononit,it’sjustifiedtoregardtheEnglishspokenandusedbyChinesepeopleasoneofitsvarieties.HereIwouldliketousethetermChinaEnglish.ChinaEnglishis
differentfromChinglishsincethelatterisatermtheforeignersusetodescribethesubstandardlanguagephenomenonoccurringintheEnglishspokenbytheChinese,duetotheinfluenceoftheChineselanguage.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwoconceptshasforlongtimebeentheobjectofattentioninthefieldoflinguistics.SofarasIamconcerned,themajordifferenceliesintheiracceptability.ChinaEnglishcanbeacceptedbyotherEnglishspeakerswhileChinglishisdespisedassubstandard.
ChinaEnglishmeanstheEnglishspokenorusedbyspeakerswithaChineselinguisticandculturalbackground.Thecon
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