英语句法知识Word格式.docx
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英语句法知识Word格式.docx
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3、动词不定式做主语
Tolivemeanstocreate.
Todothatsortofthingisabsurd.
Beforetheinventionofaeroplanes,toflyintheskylikeabridwasonlyadream.
Itwashisjobtorepairbicycles.
注:
动名词与动词不定式做主语区别不大,不用深挖
4、主语从句
AThat引导的主语从句
Thatheisadoctoristrue.
Thathewillcomeiscertain.
Itwastruethatwomenhadnothadthesameopportunitiesasmeninmanyfields.
Itisoftensaidthatwearelivinginanageofinformationexplosion.
BWhether引导的主语从句----不可用If替代
Wetherornotthesebooksaresatisfactoryisuncertain.
C连接代词、副词
Howabookwillselldependsmuchonthereviewer.
Whowilltakechargeofthetaskhasnotbeendecided.
Whosebagwasstolenisn’tknown.
D关系代词、关系副词
What’sdonecannotbeundone.
WhateverIhaveisyours.
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.
Whicheverofyoucomesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.
第二部分
一、谓语
(1)动词
1、只有动词可以做谓语
2、动词分类
A、及物动词B、不及物动词C、系动词D、情态助动词E、基本助动词
3、动词的变化
A、主语为单数第三人称,动词末尾加-s-esy-ies
B、现在分词-ing去e加ing双写加ing
C、过去式、过去分词
(2)注意主谓一致
1、语法上一致---根据主语确定谓语的数,主要指主语为第三人称时,谓语要加s
eg:
Theboyplaysfootballwell
Whatweneedmostisbooks.
Thefactorywithallequipmenthasbeenburnt.
YouaswellasIarewrong.
Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.
JoeandBobaresmart.
Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.
Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.
Everyman,woma,andchildneedslove.
Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.
Eachbookandeachpaperisheldinplace.
ChineseandBritishbeerareservedatthepub.
Coolingdraftbeerisserverdatthepub.
Cleveranddullstudentsaretreatedalikes.
Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.
Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.
Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.
Readingisagreatpleasureislife.
Tolivemeanstocreate.
Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.
2、概念上一致的原则
Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.
Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.
3、邻近词一致的原则
Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.
NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.
Eitheryourkeyormykeyismissing.
Notonlytheybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.
HeorIaminthewrong.
二、宾语
(1)宾语成分分析
A名词
eg:
Hedoesn’tlikecoldweather.
B代词
Thenewssurprisedus.
C反身代词
Ababycannotdressitself.
D动名词
Ilikereading.
IsuggestyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishwheneveryoucan.
IenjoyreadingthenewspaperwhileI’mhavingbreakfast.
Wecanleaveassoonasitquitssnowing.
E不定式
Hepromisedtohelpme.
Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.
Iexpecttoentergraduateschoolinthefall.
F疑问词+不定式
Iwonderhowtodoit.
Idon’tknowwhentostart.
Heshowmehowtopaint.
Idon’tknowwhattosayaboutyourviews.
Hisfatherwasateacherwhohelpeddeaf-muteslearnhowtospeak.
G宾语从句
Ihopethatyou’llenjoyyourself.
Themanagersaidthathedidn’tlikemywork.
Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.
Maryaskedif/whetheryouhadeverbeenabroad.
Heaskedhisdoctortotellhimif/whetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful.
Howcanwetellwhether/ifanimalsareintelligent?
Doyoucarewhether/ifyouwinornot?
Idon’tknowwhosehatitis.
Tellmewhichofthetwocamerasisthebetterone.
Tedwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice.
Themanlaughedwhenherealizedwhathadhappened.
(2)直接宾语与间接宾语
A直接宾语
Hepromisedtohelpme.
Iwonderhowtodoit.
Ihopethatyou’llenjoyyourself.
B间接宾语---为谁做,谁为间接宾语
HeofferedPeterthejob.
Imustgivetheroomagoodairing.
Hedoesn’towemeanything.
SheaskedmewhetherIhadeverbeentherebefore.
Iwarnedyouthathewouldbelate.
Theytolduswheretoshopcheaply.
Hesoldhisoldcartooneofhisneighbours.
Ihaveboughtsomechocolateforyou.
Givethedictionarytome,please.----注意这个句子
第三部分
一、宾语补语
在有些及物动词后面,不仅需要加上宾语,有时还需要加上一个宾语补语。
宾语补语与宾语之间保持着逻辑上的主-谓关系,也就是说,宾语补语是宾语所做的动作,或者是与宾语保持着一种没有系动词的主-表结构。
下面进行补语成分分析。
(1)不定式做补语
Theypersuadedmetogowiththem.
Ishouldguesshertobeaboutfifty.
Wefeltthehouseshake.---不带to的不定式
Sheaskedmetostaythere.
Mr.WhitepersuadedTomnottosmokeanymore.
I,whocannotsee,findhundredsofthingstointerestmethroughmeretouch.
Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.
Wefoundtherumortobetrue.
Heunderstoodthemessagetomeanthatshewasnotcoming.
Heconsidershimselfveryimportant.---不带to
Heisconsideredoneoftheleadingstatesmenofourcountry.
Isawacarcrashintoatree.
(2)分词做补语----现在分词表示主动,正在进行的动作;
过去分词表示被动,已经完成的动作。
Icansmellsomethingburning.
Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.
Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedtheboatspassingby.
IhopeIhaven’tkeptyouwaittingtoolong.
Wesawherwalkingalone.
Iwantthesethingschanged.
Shefoundacarabandonedbytheroadside.
Ihadthefencepaintedwhite.
Hehashadhishandsburned.
(3)形容词做补语
Ifoundthebooktedious.
Wefoundthehouseempty.---可改为被动式
Thehousewasfoundempty.
Hekeepstheyardniceandclean.
You’remadeyourshoesmuddy.
Weconsidertheworkimportant.
(4)名词做补语
Theteamhavevotedmetheircaptain.
(5)副词做补语
Theyfoundherin.
Pullthecorkout.
Let’sseetheoldyearoutandthenewyearin.
Wehopetogetthemeetingoverquickly.
Don’tletmedown.
(6)as引导的短语做补语
Ican’tseemyselfasasinger.
(7)介词短语做补语
Heconsideredhimselfaboveothers.
小节:
通过以上的例子可以看出,其实语法就是语言的固定用法,而且与动词是密切相关的。
动词后面+原型,+不定式,+动名词,+介词短语,+分词
二、表语
(1)单词做表语
A名词
Thegirlwillmakeanurse.
B代词
Thatmustbesomebodyimportant.
C数词
Whoisthefirst?
D形容词
Theleavesareturningbrown.
Theleavesofthetreesturnyellowinthefall.
Marylooksangry.
Heseemshonest.
E副词
Thestormwasover.
Jackwasdownwithafever.
He’sabroad.
ItwasbrightandthepeoplewerealloutforSunday.
Chrismasisstillthreemouthsaway.
F分词----做表语的分词相当于一个形容词
Timeispressing.
Thejourneywasverytiring.
JapanislocatedinEastAsia.
Theexplanationisconfusing.
Heismarried.
V-ing的作用
1、表示正在进行
Warmthandrainareencouragingthegrowthofplants.
2、做分词,起形容词作用,做表语
Thesuccessisencouraging.
3、做动名词
Whatthemothershoulddoisencouragingherbodyinhisstudies.
(2)不定式
Thismatterappearstobecomplicated.
Toliveinheartsisnottodie.
Toseeistobelieve.
Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.
Whatwewantisforyoutounderstandthematterclearly.
Whatafire-doordoesistodelaythespreadofafirelongenoughforpeopletogetout.
Hisgreatestwishwastoseeanendtowars.
Allyouhavetodoisfinishthejobquickly.---无to不定式,解释主语具体内容
AllIcandoisjustsmileathimandnotsayanything.
Theonlythingyouneeddoisfilloutthisapplicationform.
(3)动名词
Seeingisbelieving.
Hismainhobbyiscollectingstamps.
Myfavoritesportisswimming.
Theonlythingthatinterestherisworking.
Themostpopularpastimeisplayingchess.
(4)介词短语
Unemploymentisontheincrease.
Themoneyisinsidetheenvelope.
Thecatisontopoftheroof.
(5)从句
ThatisnotwhatIwant.
Thereasonseemstobethatdifferentperiodsarerelatedtodifferentkindsofachievement.
Perhapsthegreatestadvantageofglassisthatitsconstituentpartsareinexpensiveandcanbefoundallovertheworld.
Thefactisthatcomputersareofgreataidtothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.
Myopinionishereallydoesn’tunderstandyou.
Thequestioniswhetheritistrueornot.
WhatIreallywanttoknowiswhetheryouwillmarryher.
Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthesechildren.
Thatwaswhyitwasbarelymoving.
Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.
Thequestionwashowthebirdgotoutofthecage.
Thatiswhatweshoulddo.
ThisiswhatImeant.
第四部分
一、定语----成分分析,位置----前置或后置
(1)单词做定语---形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、名词所有格
Heisahardworkingstudent.
Hewillsticktohisownopinion
Thefirstproblemwassolved
Trafficaccidentsoftenoccurduringrushhours.
Today’spapersaysthattheweatherwillbefairtomorrow.
Thewhitehousetherewasbuiltin1800.
(2)不定式短语
Haveyouanythingtodeclare?
Theimportantthingistogetsomeworktodo.
Let’sfindamorecomfortablehousetolivein.
Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.
Jackisthepersonformetoturntoindifficulttimes.
Isthistheonlypointforuspayattentionto?
Plantsneedroomtospreadtheirrootstogetwatera
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