导入在初中英语课堂教学中的应用Word文档格式.docx

导入在初中英语课堂教学中的应用Word文档格式.docx

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Contents

1.Introduction1

2.LiteratureReview2

2.1StudiesonLead-in2

2.2ResearchesonLead-inatHomeandAbroad4

3.TheoreticalFoundationofClassroomLead-in7

3.1Krashen’sInputandAffectiveFilterHypothesis7

3.2JeanPiaget’sConstructivismLearningTheory8

3.3HowardGardner’sTheoryofMultipleIntelligences9

3.4Ausubel’sAdvanceOrganizer10

4.PresentSituationofLead-ininEnglishTeachinginJuniorMiddleSchools11

4.1CommonLead-inMethods11

4.2ProblemswithCurrentLead-inTechniques12

5.ImplicationsforLead-ininEnglishClassroomTeaching14

5.1Stimulatingstudents’interest14

5.2Utilizinglifeexperiencesflexibly14

5.3Promotingstudents’creativethinking14

5.4Exertingstudents’subjectivity15

6.Conclusion15

Bibliography17

AStudyontheApplicationofLead-inTechniques

Abstract:

Lead-in,whichisthefirstandmostbasicteachingprocedureinEnglishclassroomteaching,playsanimportantpartinaccomplishingtasks,achievingteachingobjectives,andimprovingteachingquality.Althoughitdoesnotlastlong,ithasagreatinfluenceonteachingeffects.Therefore,whentheteacherintroducesnewcontents,he/sheshouldemployvariousmethodstoattractstudents’attention,provoketheirinterestandinitiatetheirmotivationinlearningEnglish.Nowadays,mostEnglishteachersinjuniormiddleschoolshaverealizedtheimportanceoflead-inandaretryingtoemploylead-intechniquesinEnglishclassroomteaching.However,thereexistmanyproblemswhentheyadoptlead-intechniquesintorealuse.Thispaperattemptstoknowaboutthecurrentsituationoflead-inatjuniormiddleschools,findoutthemainproblemsandsolvethembyemployingeffectivemeasures.What’smore,thispaperaimstohelptheteacherstrengthentheimportanceoflead-inandadopteffectivelead-intechniques,soastoimprovetheteachingefficiency.

KeyWords:

lead-in;

Englishclassroomteaching;

juniormiddleschool;

effectiveteaching;

motivation

导入技能在初中英语课堂中的应用研究

摘要：

导入作为英语课堂教学的第一步，是最基本的教学环节，它对于完成教学任务，实现教学目标，提高教学质量起着十分重要的作用。

尽管在整堂课中，它所占据的时间不长，但它对提高课堂效率的作用不可低估。

因此，教师在导入新内容时，要想办法运用多种手段来激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的学习主动性和积极性。

现今，大多数初中英语教师已经意识到导入环节在课堂教学中的重要性，并且尝试使用多种导入技能，但在实际导入过程中仍存在许多问题。

本论文旨在了解现今初中英语课堂教学导入环节实施的具体情况，查明导入环节中存在的主要问题，从而采取有效的应对措施来提高教学效果。

关键词：

课堂导入；

英语课堂教学；

初中；

有效教学；

动机

1.Introduction

Lead-in,thefirstandmostbasicprocedureoftheclassroomteaching,isregardedbyscholarsasoneofthemostimportantpartinclassroomactivities.Justasanoldsayinggoes,“Wellbegunishalfdone”.Agoodlead-in,asthefirststepofthenewclass,hasthesameeffects.Notonlycanagoodlead-inestablishthebaseofclassroomteachingandbuildthebridgeofcommunication,itcanalsoservesasatooltoinitiatestudents’thinkingandarousetheirattentiononthenewlesson.Besides,lead-incancultivatestudents’learningmotivationandactedasaneffectivemeansforthestudentstogetaclearideaofthestudygoalsforthelesson.Thecorestandardoflead-inistoregardthestudentsasthecenterofclassteaching.Thefundamentalstartingpointofdevelopmenteducationwithstudents’learningasthepriorityistocultivatequalifiedtalentswithanall-rounddevelopment.Theembodimentofthisteachingidealiesinthefactthattheexertionanddevelopmentofthestudents’personalityshouldberespectedandthatemphasismustbeplacedonthecommunicationbetweenstudentsandteachers.

However,inrealclassroomteaching,themajorityofEnglishteachersinjuniormiddleschoolsarebusyinexplaininglanguagepoints,duetothepressureofexam-orientededucation.Theyignorethedesignoflead-inandonlyuseoneortwomeanstoleadinnewlearningmaterials.Therefore,theeffectoflead-inisweakenedandtheclassroomefficiencyisunsatisfactory.Inordertomaketeacherspaymuchmoreattentiontolead-ininrealclassroomteaching,basedonthecurrentsituationoflead-ininjuniormiddleschoolEnglishteaching,thispaperaimsfindouttheexistentproblemsandfinallysolvethembycombiningtheoriesandpractice.

2.LiteratureReview

Asoneofthemostimportantpartsofclassroomteaching,lead-inhasalwaysbeenthecoreofresearch.Thispartmainlydiscussesthestudiesonlead-ininEnglishclassroomteaching.Itconsistsoftwosections;

thefirstsectionisaboutthedefinitionandfunctionoflead-in,andthesecondsectionisaboutresearchesonlead-inathomeandabroad.

2.1StudiesonLead-in

2.1.1TheDefinitionofLead-in

AccordingtothedefinitionofOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish,themeaningoflead-inis“anopening,introductory,etc”.Fromtheperspectiveofeducation,“lead”means“leadingorguidingtheway”andreferstothattheteacherstimulatesstudents’interestinlearningbyusingdifferentteachingmethods.“In”means“toenterthegateofstudy”andrequirestheteachertobuildabridgebetweentheoldknowledgeandthenewknowledge.Therefore,lead-ininEnglishclassroomisthattheteacherguidesthestudentstoenterthegateofEnglishstudy.Weoftenregardlead-inasaprologueinthebeginningofclassroomteaching.It’sateachingactivitythattakesabout3~5minutesbeforeintroducingnewknowledge,whichaimstocreateasupportivelearningsituation,todrawstudents’attention,tostimulatestudents’interestandtohelpstudentsgetpreparedforthesubsequentlearning.

2.1.2TheFunctionofLead-in

SuhomulinskimentionedinhisfamousbookOneHundredTipsforTeachers（1980）：

“Iftheteacherrushestohisinstructionandtotallyforgetstoawakenstudents’spirittolearn,thenthiskindofinstructioncanonlygenerateabrainworkthatisfulloftiredness”.Fromhisperspective,wecanclearlyunderstandtheimportanceoflead-ininclassroomteaching.Alessonbeginswithaneffectivestartmaygetstudentsconcentratedonlearningthroughoutthewholeclass.Thereisnodoubtthatlead-inisavitalpreludeofteaching,aswellasthefirstimpressionofalesson,whichcannotonlyplayacrucialroleinclassroomteaching,butalsoishelpfulfortheteacherstoaccomplishtheirteachingobjectivesandachievetheeffectivenessofteaching.

HuShuzhenetal（1996）,WangBaoda,YuanChanghuan（2002）,JinDongchang（2001）andmanyothereducatorshavedescribedthefunctionoflead-ininEnglishteaching.Therefore,basedontheirresearch,wecansummarizethefunctionoflead-inasfollows:

Thefirstfunctionisarousingstudents’interestandattractingtheirattention.

ItisstatedclearlyintheNationalEnglishCurriculumforjuniormiddleschoolsthatclassroomteachingshouldarousestudents’interestandattracttheirattentioninEnglishlearningatthefirstplace.Itiswell-knownthatinterestisthebestteacher.Fromthispointofview,wecanseethesignificanceofinterestinEnglishteachingclassroom.InterestisthefoundationforEnglishteachingandlearning.Students’attentioncouldbeattractedwhentheirinterestandcuriosityareprovoked.Underthatcircumstance,theyaremoredelightedandenthusiasticforlearning.

Thesecondfunctionisbuildingabridgebetweenoldandnewknowledge.

Lead-ininclassroomshouldhelpstudentsestablishlinksbetweenoldandnewknowledge,extractinformationassociatedwiththenewknowledgefromoldknowledge,andprovidesufficientbackgroundknowledgewhenstudentslearnnewknowledge,sothatstudentscanconnectoldandnewknowledgetogethernaturally.Inoneplace,ithelpsstudentsmasternewknowledgeandconsolidatetheoldknowledge,sothatstudents’knowledgesystemisbetterorganized.Inanotherplace,itcanhelpstudentsbetterrememberwhattheyhavelearnedandteachstudentshowtolearnefficiently.

Thethirdfunctionisconveyingteachingobjectives.

Classroomteachingisaninteractiveprocess,whichincludesteachers’teachingandstudents’learning.Beforeteaching,teachersshouldclearlyunderstandtheirownteachingobjectivesofthislesson,whichcanhighlightthepurposeofteaching.Meanwhile,studentsalsoneedtohavedefiniteobjectivesatthebeginningofalesson,sothattheycangetthekeypointsclearlyanddosomethingwithpurposesinthefollowingtasks.Nowadays,student-centeredclassroomisadvocated;

studentsarenolongerpassiverecipientsbutclassroomleaderswhoacquireknowledgeactively.Thatistosay,havingarousedstudents’interestandattractedtheirattentionthroughlead-in,teachersshouldstateteachingobjectivesclearlysothatstudentscandevotethemselvestotheclassanditalsomakescontributiontotheimprovementoftheteachingquality.

Insummery,lead-inisaninseparablepartinwholeclassroomteaching.Itcanarousestudents’interestandattracttheirattention;

itcanbuildabridgebetweenoldandnewknowledge;

anditcanconveyteachingobjectives.Itplaysaveryimportantroleofclassroomteachingandcannotbeignored.

2.2ResearchesonLead-inatHomeandAbroad

Sincethe1970s,manyWesternscholarshaverecognizedtheimportantroleoflead-ininclassroomteaching.Fromdifferenttheoreticalstandpoints,theyhaveconductedalotofresearchesonlead-in.Similarly,manydomesticscholarsandeducatorshavealsopresentedtheirviewsaboutlead-in,andwrittenarticlesaboutitconcerningdifferentaspects.

2.2.1StudiesonLead-inAbroad

Inthe1970s,TurneyandC.Etal（1975）presentedaviewthatitisveryimportanttoattractstudentsattentionandimprovetheircuriosityatthebegi