北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案Word文件下载.docx
- 文档编号:21082326
- 上传时间:2023-01-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:30.31KB
北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案Word文件下载.docx
《北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《北京城区高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案Word文件下载.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
iforganisms(生物)haveenoughDNAincommon,thentheycanfurthertheirownselfishgenesbyhelpingoneanother.Beesandantshaveasystemofreproductionwhichleavescolonymemberssocloselyrelatedthattheyactalmostasasinglesuper-organismAndamonganysexuallyreproducingspeciesparentalcarehelpsindividualspassontheirgenes.
Butkinselectioncannotexplainwhyhumansaresonicetostrangers.Oneideaisthatwehaveevolvedtobesuper-cooperativebecause,overtime,morecooperativegroupshaveoutcompetedlesscooperativeones.Buttheregenerallyisn'
tenoughgeneticvariationbetweengroupstoallownaturalselectiontofavormorecooperativeones.
Someresearchersthinkthesolutionliesinanideacalledculturalgroupselection.Forgetsharedgenes,theyargue.Selectioncanfavorcooperativegroupsifthepeoplewithinthemshareenoughculture.Theideaiscontroversialbecausetoworkitrequiresthatgroupsremainculturallydistinct,Ascriticspointout,peopletendtomigrate(迁移)betweengroups,whichshouldhomogenize(使同质化)ideasandcustoms.Thosewhobacktheconceptcounterthatgroupshavewaystomaintaintheirdistinctculture,includingaprocesscallednom(准则)enforcement.Putsimply,ifsomeonemigratesintoanewculturalgroup,theyarepressuredintofollowingthelocalrulesbecausefailingtodosoleadstopunishment.
Earlierthisyear,MathewandHandleyatArizonaStateUniversitypublishedastudytestingtheidea.Theysampled759peoplefromfourethnicgroupsinKenyawhocompeteintensivelyforland,waterandlivestock.Thepairestimatedthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenindividualsfromdifferentgroupswasgenerallylessthan15%.Culturalpracticesandbeliefsvariedmuchmore,by107to20%.Peoplecooperatedmostwithmembersoftheirowngroup,asculturalgroupselectionpredicts,andtoalesserextentwithmembersofothergroupswhosenormsmostcloselymatchedtheirown.Thatmakessenseifcultureratherthangeneticsiswhatmatters.“Ithinkthisisoneofthemostexplicittestsofculturalgroupselectiontheorysofar,”saysMathew.
Noteveryoneispersuaded.KrasnowatHarvardUniversityseesnotheoreticalflawwiththeidea,butsaysthatsomeofhisresearchunderminesit.Hehasfoundthatpeopledon'
tjustenforcetheruleswithintheirgroup,butalsopunishpeoplefromothergroupswhofailtofollowtheirowngroup’snorms.Mathewcountersthatitisreasonabletoenforcethenormsonoutsidersasasteptowardsincorporating(使并入)themintoyourculturalgroup.“Thisisoftenhowempiresexpand,”shesays.
31.Theexampleofbeesandantsisusedto_________.
A.highlightthesignificantroleofreproductionB.demonstratetheefficiencyofasuper-organism
C.revealwhyparentscareabouttheirselfishgenesD.explainthecauseoforganismshelpingoneanother
32.Fortheideaofculturalgroupselectiontowork,apre-conditionisthat_________.
A.cooperativegroupshavealargerchanceofsurvival
B.geneticvariationsinthesameculturalgrouparesmall
C.culturaldifferencesareweakenedwithpeoplemigrating
D.culturaldistinctivenesscanbepreservedwithcertainmethods
33.Thetextisdevelopedmainlythrough_________.
A.sortinginformationintodifferenttopicsB.narratingeventsintimeorder
C.presentingdoubtsandexploringanswersD.discussingsimilaritiesanddifferences
34.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________.
A.cultureplaysamoresignificantroleinchoosingcooperators
B.beingselfishisofvitalimportanceforanindividualtosurvive
C.Mathew’sstudyresultcontradictswhatculturalgroupselectionpredicts
D.peoplejoininganewgroupwillbepunishedfornotkeepingtheirownculture
2021朝阳高三一模
LessonsintheLostArtofListening
Whenwasthelasttimeyoulistenedtosomeone?
Andwhenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedtoyou?
Ionceaskedpeoplewhatitmeanttobeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.
Ofcourse,technologyplaysarole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?
Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.
Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.
Goodlistenersaskgoodquestions.Theyengageinexploringthetopic,nottodivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree…?
”or“Don’tyouthink…?
”Thesequestionshavestrongtendencies.Theywillgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisorherview.Andyou’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?
”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulivein?
”Justtrytofindoutwhatexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysaworforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?
”Researchindicatesthatwhenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherwellaskeachotherthistypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheyspendtimetogetherachievingatask.
Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,becarefulwiththetendencytotakementalsidetripswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theymayalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhattheotherpersonisgoingtosay.
Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationfromspeakers,evenwhentheydon’taskanyquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.Thegentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelyornotatalllimitsyourunderstandingoftheworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.
31.Oneofthefactorsthatinfluencelisteningisthat______.
A.ourconfidenceinlisteningisdecreasingB.ourspeechcreatesalotofnoisearoundus
C.listeningskillsareseldomtaughtinschoolD.textingcausesabettereffectthanphonecalls
32.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Whytheartoflisteninggetslostbyitself.B.Whyeffectivemethodsareusedinlistening.
C.Howpeoplemakethemselveswellunderstood.D.Howpeoplecanreclaimthelostartoflistening.
33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldpeopledowhentheyarelistening?
A.Avoidbeingabsent-minded.B.Comeupwithcuriousquestions.
C.Focusonthespeaker’spersonalinformation.D.Trytofindcommoninterestswiththespeaker.
34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Listeningandspeakingdeserveequalattention.B.Goodlistenersmaximizethebenefitsforthemselves.
C.Badlisteningultimatelycontributestopeople’sfailure.D.Listeners’clearmindfacilitatesspeakers’expressionofthoughts.
2021丰台高三一模
Atuniversity,when1toldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?
"
No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringincommunications?
”
Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob-andyetwe'
repayingmoreandmoreforone.
Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment-andthatcanleadtoaplug-and-playtypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?
Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?
Pursuepre-law.Nottotallysure?
GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbecomeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.
It'
struethatthehumanitiescomewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?
AccordingtoLinkedIn'
sresearchonthemostsought-afterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytocommunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat'
sonotherpeoplesminds,andtodofull-strengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentcommunicatorandcriticalthink
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 北京 城区 英语 阅读 理解 汇总 答案