how to make oral presentation文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:21082129
- 上传时间:2023-01-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:36.82KB
how to make oral presentation文档格式.docx
《how to make oral presentation文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《how to make oral presentation文档格式.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Morespecifically,whatmightitmeantobeinsyncwithlisteners?
Theproperamountofformalityisrelatedtotheinterpersonaldistancebetweenyouandyourlisteners:
Areyoucloselyrelated(e.g.,areyoupitchinganideatoyourparentcompany)?
Areyouatthesamelevelinthecompany(e.g.,areyoutalkingtootherengineers)?
Areyoustrangers?
Forinformalpresentations,inwhichyouusuallyknowyouraudiencewell,youknowwhatjokestotell,howquicklytogettothepoint,whethertouseexamples,whattypesofargumentsaremostpersuasive,andsoon.Whenyoudonotknowtheaudiencewell,yetmustgiveaninformaltalk,youhavetoaskquestionsaboutthem(e.g.,Willtheybereceptiveorhostiletothistalk?
Willtheyexpectmetospeakasanequal?
Whatwillbeimportanttothem?
etc.).
Howspecificallyareinformalityandformalityprojectedfromspeakertolisteners?
ComponentsofInformalandFormalDistanceBetweenSpeakerandListeners
Informal:
Distanceisoneforfriends/colleagues
Formal:
Distanceisoneforunacquaintedornon-peers
Image
Businesscasual:
rangesfromjeanstoslacksandskirtsdependingontheorganization;
mayincludeatieformen
Conservativebusinesssuit
Speech
Insidejokessharedbygroup;
firstnames;
slang;
sharedstories;
invitegroupinteractionandspontaneity
Formaljokesatbeginningonly;
nofirstnameorfamiliarformsofaddresses;
elevatedlanguage;
generalizedanecdotes
Materials
Simplematerials;
papercopies(sometimesatopicfordiscussion)
Elaboratecolorslideshow(pluspapercopies);
video;
computerpresentation
Delivery
Sitwiththegroupatroundtable;
minimizehandgestures
Standinfrontofthegroupatalectern;
usegesturesasanactoronastage
Thisexampleshowsthetracesofamismatchbetweenanemployee'
sfamiliarlanguageine-mail(thatreflectedaninformaldistance)andtheboss'
sdesireforamoreformaldistancewiththisnewemployee.
Georgewasonlydoingwhathesawothersdo,andhewasadmonishedforit.Why?
Wedon'
tknowenoughofthecontexttosayforsure.But,eventhoughtheexamplecomesfrome-mail,andnotfromapresentation,thecasedemonstratesamismatchbetweentheuseofinformalspeechandanexpectationofmoreformalspeech.
Mismatchesintheothercomponentscanalsopresentproblemsforaspeaker.Sayasalesrepresentativevisitsacompanytoproposeaconsultingservicetoaninformalgroup,andgivesaformaltalkthatfeaturesmanyelaborateslides.Thegroupmightrespondtothemismatchbetweentheirinformalityandthespeaker'
sformalitybydismissingthesalesrepasbeingtoo"
slick"
orcondescending.Whydoesthismatter?
Ontheonehand,itcoststhatconsultantsomevaluablebusiness,andontheotherhand,itmaykeepthegroupfromreceivingsomevaluableadvice.
George,anewemployeeatacomputercompanywith500employees,noticedthatsomeofthemembersofhisgroupusedthepresident'
sfirstnameintheire-mailtothegroup,sohefollowedsuit,eventhoughhehadnotmetthepresident.Then,atacompany-widemeetingforoneofhisgroup'
sprojects,thepresidentsaidtothepresenter,"
Whydon'
tyouletmygoodfriendGeorgemakethispresentation?
"
Massconfusionensued,andGeorgehadsomeapologizingtodo.
Thebottomlineforspeakersisthis:
Youhavetoanticipatetheamountofdistancecalledforinaspeakingsituationandcreateitthroughyourimage,speech,materials,anddelivery.Aformalapproachtospeakingdoesnotalwaysputlistenersoff;
nordoesaninformalapproachalwaysputlistenersatease.Whatwinsanaudienceisthespeaker'
sabilitytoprojectanappropriateimage,speakinanappropriatestyle,useappropriatematerials,anddeliverthetalkaslistenersexpect.
Structure
Makethetalkunderstandableandmemorable.Atalk'
sstructureneedstobeunderstandableandmemorable.Thisistrueforinformaltalksaswellasmorecomplexones.Ataminimum,listenersmustunderstandyourmainpoints,andasuccessfulpresentationmakesmemorablepoints,aswellasclearandunderstandableones.
UnderstandableTalks
Understandabletalkshave:
∙Asimple-to-followpatternofpoints
∙Aclearlymarkedstructure
∙Supportingdataandexamplesasneeded
Listenersexpectalogicalpatternofpoint-makingtogroundanddirecttalks.Popularpatternsincludespatial,topical,problem-solution,competingsolutions,general-to-specific,chronological,andfamiliar-to-unfamiliarorganization.
SpatialStrategy
Talksthatarespatiallyorganizedareliterallyorganized“inspace”(example:
atouranassemblylinetodemonstratechangestobemade).Spatialtalkscanbedisorienting.Makesurethatyoucanmaintainthefocus,andthatthispatternwon’tmaskthekeytopic.Consider:
Canthistopicbepresentedspatially?
Aremylistenersfamiliarwiththiswayofpresentation,orwilltheybeeasilydistracted?
ListofTopics
Organizingyourtalkaroundalistisatraditional—anduncontroversial—pattern(example:
adiscussionoftheplantparasitesthatarriveinimportedvegetables).Speakerswhodonothaveextensivesyntheticknowledgemayfindthisapproacheasiertouse,althoughitmayfailtohelplistenersexpandtheircomprehension.Yourresponsibilityistofindanappropriateorderforthetopics(mostimportanttoleast?
newesttooldest?
largesttosmallest?
)
Problem-solutionorQuestion-answer
Inthispattern,thespeakernamesanddescribesthekeyproblemandthenspresentanddefendsthesolution(example:
improvingonlineinformationaboutnewproductsbydevelopingaWebsite).Theproblem-solutionapproachiseasierforaseasonedemployeethananewemployee.Thisapproachisharderforconsultantstodevelop,unlesstheyusetheirclient'
sviewoftheproblem'
sidentity.Consider:
Isyourviewoftheproblemsharedbyyourlisteners?
CompetingSolutions
Herethespeakerpresentsseveralpossibleanswersandtheiradvantages/disadvantages(example:
thevarioustechnologiesavailabletoimproveanti-terrorismsecurityatairports).Consider:
Areyouadvocatingaparticularsolution?
Shouldyoufullydescribeeachsolutionbeforegoingontothenext,ordiscusshowallsolutionsspeaktothevariousconsiderations?
GeneraltoSpecific
Inthispattern,thespeakermovesfromrelevantgeneralprinciplestospecificcharacteristicsoractionsassociatedwiththem(example:
thematinghabitsofvariouskindsofinsects).Ageneral-to-specificorganizationisdifficulttouseinproc
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- how to make oral presentation