On Application of Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation转换法在英汉翻译中的应用Word文档格式.docx

On Application of Conversion in EnglishChinese Translation转换法在英汉翻译中的应用Word文档格式.docx

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sentencecomponents;

perspectives;

E-Ctranslation

摘要

论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用

由于英汉两种语言在语法或表达习惯上存在巨大差异,在英汉翻译的过程中,译者往往需要改变原文的词类或句子成分。

作为英汉翻译中常用的翻译技巧，转换法可以使译文自然、流畅、准确，既传达原意又符合汉语的表达习惯。

本文共分三章。

第一章介绍了英汉翻译过程中几种常见的词性转换方法，如原文中的名词或介词转换为译文中的动词。

词性的转换通常会引起句子成分的改变，第二章分析了句子成分的转换现象。

第三章讨论了如何将英语思维视角转换为相应的符合汉语文化和思维模式的视角。

关键词：

转换法；

词类；

句子成分；

视角；

英译汉

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………ii

Abstract………………………………………………………….…iii

AbstractinChinese………………………………………………iv

Introduction…………………………………………………………1

ChapterOneConversionofWordClasses…………...…………3

I.ConversionintoChineseVerbs…………………………………3

II.ConversionintoChineseNouns………………………………5

.ConversionintoChineseAdjectives…………………………6

.ConversionintoChineseAdverbs……………………………7

ChapterTwoConversionofSentenceComponents…...………..9

I.ConversionintoChineseSubjects………………………………9

II.ConversionintoChinesePredicates…………………………10

.ConversionintoChineseObjects……………………………11

.ConversionintoChineseAttributes…………………………11

.ConversionintoChineseComplements…………………12

ChapterThreeConversionofPerspectives……………………14

I.ConversionofEnglishImpersonalSubjects…………………14

II.ConversionfromtheAbstractintotheConcrete…………….17

.ConversionfromtheStativeintotheDynamic………………17

.ConversionfromthePassiveintotheActive………………18

.ConversionbetweenNegativeandAffirmative………………18

Conclusion…………..……………………………….……………20

WorksCited……………………………………………………..…21

Introduction

Intranslationwemaygothroughmanyprocedurestotranslatethetexttomakeitacceptableforthespecificcommunicativesituation.Thetranslatingprocessisexplainedasfollows:

Translationisnotthetranscodingofwordsorsentencesfromonelanguagetoanother,butacomplexformofaction,wherebysomeoneprovidesinformationonatext（sourcelanguagematerial）inanewsituationandunderchangedfunctional,culturalandlinguisticconditions,preservingformalaspectsascloselyaspossible.（Snell-Hornby82）

Accordingtotheexplanation,intranslating,atranslator’staskistoconveythecontentandspiritofthesourcetextandrearrangethemintothetargettextinasmoothandlogicalwayunderthenewspecificsituationsandconditions.Additionally,weshouldrememberthat“anaturalstyleintranslatingisneverthelessessentialtoproducingintheultimatereceptorsaresponsesimilartothatoftheoriginalreceptors”（MaandMiao17）.Therefore,effectivetranslationmethodsandtechniquesareundoubtedlyindispensableintranslatingactivities.

Conversion,asagrammaticalphenomenon,hasbeenahotsubjectinthefieldoflinguisticresearch.Sincesourcelanguageandtargetlanguagearequitedifferentinnatureanduse,andthetargettextshouldconveythemeaningofthesourcetextintheclosestnaturalmanner,conversionbecomesoneofthemosteffectivetechniquestoseekinthetargetlanguagetheequivalentinformationofthesourcelanguage.

Aclearandcorrectexpressionofthesourcetextiswhatreallymattersintranslation,foritiscrucialintranslationtoseekequivalenceincontentorinformation,butnotabsoluteformalcorrespondence.“Formostpeopletheinformativefunctionispredominantlythemajorroleoflanguage”（Hu10）.Agoodtranslatorwillthereforeemployallpossiblemeanstoreproducethethoughtoftheauthorfaithfullyinanotherlanguage.“Conversionhaslongbeenacceptedasoneofthetechniquesessentialtoimprovingthequalityofourversion”（Zhong98）,bywhichthemechanicaltranslationcouldbeavoided;

thereforeitenablestranslatorstoachieveanaturalandfaithfultranslationwhichnotonlyoffersinformationofthesourcetextbutalsokeepswiththeexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage.Inthisway,contentsofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguageareinaccordancewitheachother,thoughformsmaybesomewhatchanged.

Thethesisarguesthat,becauseofthegreatdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseingrammarandexpressionstyle,conversionbecomesafrequently-usedtranslationtechnique,whichenablestranslatorstoachieveanatural,fluentandaccuratetranslation.InadditiontoIntroductionandConclusion,thethesisconsistsofthreeparts.ThefirstchapterdiscussestheconversionofwordclassesinEnglish-Chinese（E-C）translation.Thesecondchapterfocusesontheconversionofsentencecomponents,whichisusuallycausedbytheconversionofwordclasses.ThethirdchapterexplorestheapproachesofhowtoconverttheEnglishperspectivesintothecorrespondingonesinChinese.

ChapterOne

ConversionofWordClasses

InE-Ctranslation,itisdifficulttogetanappropriatecorrespondingChinesewordforanEnglishwordofthesameclassallthetime.Ifeachwordinonelanguageisreplacedwithwordsofthesamewordclassesinanother,suchexpressionswouldsoundveryawkwardorevenunintelligibletothereader.Therefore,effectiveuseofwordclassconversioniscrucialandnecessaryinE-Ctranslation.

.ConversionintoChineseVerbs

BecauseoneofthemostremarkabledifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseliesintheuseoftheverb,conversionintoChineseverbshasbecomethebasicconversiontechniqueusedinE-Ctranslation.

i.ConvertingEnglishNounintoChineseVerb

AsforEnglish,“itseemspossibletoexpressideaswithgreaterprecisionandadequacybymeansofnounsthanbymeansofthemorepictorialverbs”（Jespersen139）.Thatistosay,“EnglishisalanguageinwhichnounsaremorewidelyusedthanthoseinChinese,whileinChineseverbsaremorefrequentlyusedandoccupyadominantposition”（Zhou391）,thereforesomeEnglishnounsareoftenconvertedintoChineseverbsinthepracticaltranslation.

Specifically,anEnglishnounwhichpossessesthepropertyofaverborwasderivedfromaverbisoftenconvertedintoaverbwhentranslatedintoChinese.Hereisanexampletoillustratethispoint.

Example1:

Theuseofbacteriologicalweaponsisaclearviolationoftheinternationallaw.

使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。

ii.ConvertingEnglishPrepositionintoChineseVerb

Itisknownthat“thereareabout286prepositionsandprepositionalphrasesinEnglish”（Lian50）.PrepositionsorprepositionalphrasesaresowidelyandfrequentlyusedinEnglishthatEnglishissometimescalledprepositionallanguage.PrepositionsinEnglish,whichareveryrichandflexibleinmeaning,haveagreatpowerofexpression;

onthecontrary,theChineselanguageisverb-oriented,soitisnotwithoutreasonthatEnglishprepositionsorprepositionalphrasesareoftenconvertedintoChineseverbsorverbalphrasesinE-Ctranslation.Thereisanexamplebelow.

Example2:

Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。

iii.ConvertingEnglishAdjectiveintoChineseVerb

WhenmeetingwithsuchEnglishadjectivesthatoftenindicatethehumanpsychologyorstateofmind,suchasone’sconsciousness,emotionalactivitiesanddesires,translatorsusuallyconvertthemintoChineseverbs.Hereisanexampletoillustratethepoint.

Example3:

Advancingintothevastnessofspace,manisbecomingfullyawareofthesmallnessofhisplanet.

由于进入浩无涯际的太空，人类已充分意识到本星球的渺小。

iv.ConvertingEnglishAdverbintoChineseVerb

SomeEnglishadverbs,whichhaveanimpliedmeaningofverbs,ifnecessary,areoftenconvertedintoChineseverbs.Thefollowingexampleillustratesthispoint.

Example4:

TheyfoundMr.Bennettstillup.

他们发现班纳特先生还没有睡觉。

v.ConvertingEnglishGerundintoChineseVerb

Gerund,alsocalledasaverbalnoun,oftenservesfunctionallyasanounbutretainssomepropertiesofaverbintheoriginaltext.However,thereisnosuchlinguisticformof-inginChinese,soEnglishgerundsaregenerallyconvertedintoChineseverbsinE-Ctranslation.Hereisanexample.

Example5:

Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.

把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。

.ConversionintoChineseNouns

NounsaccountforanoverwhelmingpartofthevocabularynotonlyinEnglishbutinChinese.SomeEnglishwords,forexample,whicharederivedfromnouns,canhardlybetranslatedliterally;

theyareusuallyconvertedintonouns.

i.ConvertingEnglishVerbintoChineseNoun

BecausesomeEnglishverbsdescribingthecharacteristicsorpropertiesofthesubjectaredifficulttoexpressinexactcorrespondingChineseverbs,theyareoftenconvertedintoChinesenounssoastoachieveasatisfactorytranslation.Hereisanillustrativeexample.

Example6:

Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.

在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

ii.ConvertingEnglishAdjectiveintoChineseNoun

SometimesEnglishadjectivesarealsoconvertedintoChinesenounsforthe