新疆高三英语模拟试题及答案一Word格式.docx
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新疆高三英语模拟试题及答案一Word格式.docx
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第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Withitssnow-coveredmountainsandavarietyofwildlife,YellowStoneNationalParkisoneofthescenictreasuresoftheUnitedStates.LocatedprimarilyinWyoming,theparkhostsmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.Ifyouplantotravelwithinthepark,keepinmindadvicefromtheNationalParkService.
SeasonalTravel
Travelvariesvastlyfromseasontoseason.Roadsaregenerallyopeninthesummerexceptforcasesofrockormudslides,wildfires,accidentsorroadconstruction.Earlysnowsinthefallcancausesomeroadstoclosetemporarily.Inthewinteralmostallroadsareclosedtomotorvehicles,butsnowmobilesandothersnowvehicleswithtracksareallowed.RoadsbegintoopenforthespringbythelatterpartofAprilbutcancloseifsnowfallcontinues.
DrivingTime
GrandLoopisthemainroadthroughYellowstoneNationalPark;
itpassesbymostofthemajorattractions.TheseincludeOldFaithful,YellowstoneLakeandtheGrandCanyonofYellowstone.ThemaximumspeedlimitontheGrandLoopis45milesperhour,butthespeedlimitdropsduringsomeofthewindingandtwistingsectionsofthisnarrowroad.Allowyourselfatleasttwodaystofullytraveltheloopduetothesizeoftheparkandbeingsometimesstuckinheavytraffic.
SafetyAwareness
Buffalo(水牛)oftenblocktheroadsintheparkastheymovethroughthefields.Ifagroupistravelingacrosstheroadyouareon
youcaneitherwaitforthemtopassorfindanalternativeroute.Ifyougetoutofyourvehicle,theNationalParkServicesaystostayatleast25yardsfromanybuffalo(and100yardsormoreawayfrombearsandwolves).Buffaloareparticularlyunpredictableandchargepeopleatspeedsupto30mph.
Youcantakeyourbicycleonanypublicroadsandroutesdesignedforbikes,butbicyclesarenotallowedontheparkroadswhicharenarrowwithfewshoulders.Altitudesrangefrom5,300to8,860feet.TheNationalParkServicerecommendscyclistswearhelmetsandnoticeableclothing.
1.WhatdoweknowabouttravellingintheYellowstonePark?
A.Roadswillstayopenincaseofemergency.
B.Trafficjamhappensfromtimetotime.
C.Thedrivingspeedontheroadcanbe50mph.
D.Motorvehiclesareallowedinthewinter.
2.WhatdoestheNationalParkServicesuggestpeopledoaboutsafety?
A.Stayinsidethecarthroughoutthetravel.
B.GetoutoftheirvehicleswhencomingacrosstheBuffalo.
C.Weartheeasy-to-seeclotheswhilebicycling.
D.Avoidbicyclingonthepublicroads.
3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A.Aguidebook.B.Acommercialadvertisement.
C.Aresearchpaper.D.Ageographytextbook.
B
Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmorethanadults?
Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.
Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecondtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).
Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.
Whatthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.
So,whatdoesallofthismean?
Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.
4.Thisexperimentwascarriedoutby
A.dividingtheteensintothreegroups
B.comparingthereactionstodifferentrisks
C.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipants
D.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager
5.Whenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe________.
A.ambitsB.cautious
C.anxiousD.curious
6.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?
A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.
C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.
7.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson________.
A.guaranteeingchildrentobecareful
B.settingagelimitsondangerousactivities
C.respectingteenstomaketheirownchoices
D.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisks
C
Trees,someofthetallestintheworld,toweredaboveHannahGriffithsandhercolleagueseachmorningastheywalkeddeepintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBorneo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:
termites(白蚁).
Termitesgetabumrap.TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbonrichmaterials.Awholeindustryisaimingatkillingthem.
Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical(热带的)forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepingthefallenmaterialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Buttheydidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularspotintheforestandsawhowitresponded.
Asluckwouldhaveit,HannahGriffithsandhercolleaguesstartedtheirexperimentwhentheforestwashitbyanextremedrought(干旱).Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplotsandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthetermites.Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:
inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted(抽芽),andthesystemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.
ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout.“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesays,“becauseitmakesmethink,wellwhatelsedon’tweknow?
Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon’tknowwhatthatwilldo.”
8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“abumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?
A.Unfairblame.B.Widepopularity.
C.Publicattention.D.Specialpreference.
9.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?
A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.
B.Theycontributealottotheecosystemtheylivein.
C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.
D.Theyspeedupthelossofnutritionintherainforest.
10.WhatcanweinferfromthefindingofGriffithsexperiment?
A.Termiteshelprainforestssurviveclimatechange.
B.Termitespreferdroughtyearstonon-droughtones.
C.Termitesbenefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought.
D.Termitesenjoyeatingtreeseedlingsduringthedrought.
11.WhatdoesGriffithstellusinthelastparagraph?
A.Termitesarenowindangerofextinction.
B.Termitesdamagebiologicalcommunities.
C.Weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspecies.
D.Weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem.
D
Ifhumanspumpenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)intotheatmosphere,thestratocumulusclouds(层积云)coulddisappear,andtheearth'
stemperaturecouldclimbsharplytoheightsnotpredictedincurrentclimatemodels.Itwouldburntheplanet.That'
stheconclusionofapaperpublishedinthejournalNatureGeoscienceanddescribedindetailbyNatalieWolchoverforQuantaMagazine.
AsWolchoverexplained,cloudshavelongbeenoneofthegreatuncertaintiesofclimatemodels.Computermodelsthateasilycapturethecomplexityanddetailofmostclimatesystemsjustaren'
tpowerfulenoughtopredictworldwidechangesincloudbehavior.Butcloudsareimportant.Theyreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth'
ssurface.Andstratocumuluscloudsarethosewhiteblanketsyoumighthaveseenasyoulookedoutthewindowofarmairplane,rollingoutbelowyouandhidingthegroundResearcherssuspectthatcertainsudden,pastjumpsintemperaturemayhavebeencausedbychangestocloudslikethese.
Forthenewresearch,scientistsmodeledjustasmallpatchofskyusingasupercomputer.Theyfoundthatifcarbondioxidelevelsreachabout1,200partspermillion(ppm)intheatmo
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