《牛津高中英语》模块4课文.doc
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《牛津高中英语》模块4课文.doc
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22.M4U1.Reading—Advertisements
Nowadays,wecanfindadvertisementsalmostwhereverwego.Wearesousedtothemthatweoftendonotevenrealizehowmanyweseeandhearinaday.Ididsomeresearchonadvertisements,andhavesomeveryimportantinformationtosharewithyou.
Whatisanadvertisement?
Anadvertisementuseswordsandpicturestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice,orbelieveinanidea.Newspapers,magazines,theInternet,radioandtelevisionarethemostcommonplacestofindthem.Therearetwomaintypesofadvertisements––commercialadvertisementsandpublicserviceadvertisements(PSAs).Acommercialadvertisementisonewhichsomeonehaspaidfortoadvertiseaproductorservice.PSAsareoftenrunforfree,andaremeanttoeducatepeopleabouthealth,safety,oranyotherproblemthataffectspublicwelfare.
Doesanadvertisementtellpeoplethecompletetruth?
Therearelawstoprotectpeoplefromadvertisementsthatcheatpeople.However,westillmustbeawareoftheskilfulmethodsusedinadstotryandsellusthings.Evenifanaddoesnotlie,itdoesnotmeanitisaltogetherinnocent.Onetoothpasteaddeclares,‘Bright-teethfightsbadbreath!
’Thisstatementtriestofoolyouintoassumingthatthetoothpastecuresbadbreath,yetitdoesnotsaythat!
Allitsaysisthatfightsit,andthatisnotthesamethingatall.Onegrocerytellscustomers,‘Youareproudofyourcooking,soshouldn'tyoubuytheveryfreshestfood?
’Thisadisveryclever,becauseittellscustomerstheyaregoodcooks.However,itneversaysthatthisgroceryhasthefreshestfood!
Thegroceryjusthopesthatwhenyoureadthead,youwillfeelpleasedwiththenicecomment,rememberthewords‘freshestfood’,andmakeamentalconnectionwiththefoodinthegrocery.Wemustnotfallforthiskindoftricks.
Publicserviceadvertisements
Notalladsplaytricksonusthough.PSAsusesomeofthesamemethods,likeattractivepicturesandcleverlanguage,buttheyaremadetoservethepublic.PSAsaimtoteachusandhelpusleadbetterlives.OurgovernmentunderstandsthisandhasbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeopleformanyyears.Chinabegananationwidepublicserviceadvertisingcampaignin1996,andsincethenvarioustypesofPSAshaveappearedaroundthecountry.Youhaveprobablyseenorheardsomeofthemyourself,suchas,‘Yestolife,notodrugs’and‘knowledgechangeslife.’Theseadsdealwithwidespreadsocialconcerns.TherearealsoPSAsthatencouragepeopletosupportpublicserviceprojects,suchasProjectHope.Itsmottois‘ProjectHope---educatingeverychild’.ThereareevenPSAstoteachushowtolivehealthylives.Oneoftheseis,‘Whenyousmokecigarettes,youareslowlykillingyourself’.Alloftheseadsaremeanttobenefitthepublic,andyoucanoftenlearnalotbyfollowingtheadvicetheygive.
Finally,Iwishtotellyouthis:
thinkaboutwhyyoushoulddothethingstheadsuggests,orbuytheproductorservicetheadpromotes.Whenitcomestoadvertisements,wemustalluseourintelligenceandnotbeaslavetothem!
23.M4U1.Project
(1)—Howdoyoubuildanadcampaign?
Unlikeasingleadvertisement,anadcampaignisaplannedprogrammedofadvertisementsusingvariouskindsofadstoreachacertainaudience.Whenyoustartasuccessfuladcampaign,youmusthaveaclearaimandanaudienceinmind.Itisimportanttofigureoutexactlywhatyouwanttotelltheaudienceandwhatyouaretryingtogetthemtodo.Inanadcampaignyoumayneedtoemploydifferentkindsofmedia,includingposters,newspapers,magazines,radioandtelevision.
Therearethreemajorquestionsyoumayfirstconsider.
1Whoistheaudienceforyouradcampaign?
Thepeopleyouwanttoreachareyourtargetaudience.Inordertodetermineyouraudience,youwillneedtodoalittleresearchandanalysisinadvance.Youwillneedtoexplorewhattheaudiencealreadythinks.Itisveryimportanttoknowyouraudiencesoyoucancreatetherightmessagefortherightpeople.
2Whatdoyouwantyouradcampaigntosay
Afteryouhavedecidedwhoyouraudienceis,itistimetodecidewhatyouwanttheaudiencetoknoworthinkabout.Itisimportanttoalwaystrytoappealtotheaudienceinordertogetthemtoreactinacertainway.Youcangatherthisinformationfromyourresearch.Whenplanningapublicwelfarecampaign,youmaywanttoaskyourself:
●Whatdoesmyaudiencealreadyknowaboutthisproblem?
●Whataspectsofthisproblemwouldtheycareaboutorbeconcernedwith?
●Istheresomehistorybehindtheproblemthattheywouldbeinterestedin?
●Howdoestheproblempersonallyaffecttheirlives?
3Howdoyoureachyouraudience?
Therearelotsofdifferentwaystogetyourmessageacrosswhenyouareputtingtogetheranadcampaign.Youmustdecidewhatapproachyouwanttouse.Thisdecisi
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