Issue题库分类及写作提纲Word文档格式.docx

Issue题库分类及写作提纲Word文档格式.docx

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Indemocraticcountries,whenpartiesandcandidatescompeteforpower,thepublicbenefits.

Admittedly,whencompetitiongetsoutofthecontrolofmoresandlaws,societywillsuffer.

竞争对于社会的优点和缺点

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3."

Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations."

与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。

Humanityshouldtakeintoaccountbothlong-terminterestsandshort-terminterestswhenmakingbudgets.

Naturally,eachgenerationismostconcernedaboutsolvingproblemsthatimmediatelyconfrontthem.

However,whatdifferentiateshumanbeingsfromotheranimalsisthathumanshaveasenseoffutureandaremorallyresponsibleforthewell-beingoftheirdescendents.

Therefore,asbeneficiariesofpreviousgenerations,eachgenerationshouldmakeitsowncontributionforthewell-beingoffuturegenerations.

当务之急和百年大计的关系

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9."

Academicdisciplineshavebecomesospecializedinrecentyearsthatscholars'

ideasreachonlyanarrowaudience.Untilscholarscanreachawideraudience,theirideaswillhavelittleuse."

近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。

除非学者们能拥有影响到大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。

Thespeakeroversimplifiestheissueofacademicinfluenceonsociety.

Itistruethatacademicdisciplineshavebecomesospecializednowadaysthatsomescholar’sseeminglyidiosyncraticideasonlyreachanarrowaudience.

Itisalsotruethatsocialscientists’failingtoreachthelargepublicmakesitimpossiblefortheirideastocontributetosociety.

Nevertheless,scholarsincertainrealmsaredoomedtoliveinanisolatedandpurelyacademicworld,whichdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheirideaswillhavelittleuse.

过分专业化问题overspecialization

15."

Thestabilityofasocietydependsonhowitrespondstotheextremesofhumanbehavior."

一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。

Itistruethathowasocietycopeswiththeextremesofhumanbehaviorlargelydeterminesthesociety’sstability.

Theextremesofhumanbehavior--suchasviolenceorstrikes--usuallydictategravesocialtroubles.

Onesolutiontothesesocialproblemsissuppressing,whichproveseffectiveintheshortrunandcounterproductiveinthelongrun.

Themosteffectivewayofrespondingtosuchproblemsisconstructivecommunicationandsometimescompromise.

抽象型题目

16."

Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifeareentirelyharmless,infact,theyactuallypreventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependentindividuals."

尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。

Agree

Considerfirsttheeffectoftheautomobileonourindependenceasindividuals.Insomerespectstheautomobileservestoenhancesuchindependence.

However,wehavebecomeslavestotheautomobile.

Considernexttheoverallimpactoftheautomobileonourstrengthasindividuals,bywhichImeanstrengthofcharacter,ormettle.

Incontrast,thereisacertainstrengthofcharacterthatcomeswitheschewingmodernconveniencessuchascars,andwiththeknowledgethatoneiscontributingtoacleanerandquieterenvironment,asaferneighborhood,andarguablyamoregenteelsociety. 

社会和个人之发展问题

17."

Therearetwotypesoflaws:

justandunjust.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsand,evenmoreimportantly,todisobeyandresistunjustlaws."

有两种法律：

公正的和不公正的。

每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。

Disagree:

First,whetheralawisjustorunjustisrarelyastraightforwardissue.Thefairnessofanylawdependsonone’spersonalvaluesystem.

Thefairnessofalawalsodependsonone’spersonalinterest,orstake,inthelegalissueathand.

Disobeyingunjustlawsoftenhastheoppositeeffectofwhatwasintendedorhopedfor.

Byjustifyingaviolationofonesortoflawwefindourselvesonaslipperyslopetowardsanctioningalltypesofillegalbehavior,includingegregiouscriminalconduct.

社会和个人之法律公正么？

19."

Ifasocietyistothrive,itmustputitsownoverallsuccessbeforethewell-beingofitsindividualcitizens."

如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会成员的幸福之上。

Disagree

Thesocietyismadeupofindividualcitizens;

therefore,thedevelopment 

ofindividualcitizensiscrucialforthedevelopmentofthewholesociety.

Asocietythatignoresthewellbeingofindividualcitizensisboundtoendupinsocialturmoilorrevolution.

少数和多数之成功

20."

Nationalgovernmentsshoulddevotemoreoftheirsocialprogramsandservicestochildrenthantoadults."

任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务。

Noonewoulddenythefactthatitisintheyounggenerationthatliesthefutureofoursociety.

Therefore,weshouldattachenoughimportancetothedevelopmentofchildren.

However,thisdoesnotmeanthatwecanignoretheinterestsofadults,whomakeupthemajorworkforceofoursociety.

孩子和成人之社会建设

22."

Manypeoplebelievethatafewindividualsorsmallgroups（family,friends,teachers,celebrities,forexample）havecausedthemtothinkandbehaveinthewaytheydo.Yetitisalwayssocietyasawholethatdefinesusandourattitudes,notafewindividuals."

很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体（比如家庭、朋友、老师、名人）促成了他们的思维和行动。

其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度。

Individualsandsmallgroupsalsochangeourattitudesandmindstoalargeextent.

Everyoneinfluencingusisalsoinfluencedthesociety.

Internetisplayinganevermoresignificantroleininfluencingpeople’sattitudeandvalues.

少数和多数之定义人生

23."

Contemporarytechnologymakesavailablemanysmallpiecesoffactualinformation.Asaresult,peoplehavebecomesopreoccupiedwithbitsoffragmentedinformationthattheypaytoolittleattentiontothelargerissuesandoverallperspectives."

现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能。

其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局。

Accesstogreatdealofinformationhelppeoplegetawiderviewofanissue,thushelpthempreventbeinglimitedinthoughts.

Technologyhelpsuspaymoreattentiontothelargerissuesandoverallperspectives.

Topreventpreoccupationbyfragmentedinformation,peopleshouldholdrightviewoninformation,nottoassimilateall,buttopercolaterelevantonesfromthoseneedingonlyaglance.

少数和多数之细节信息

29."

Publicfiguressuchasactors,politicians,andathletesshouldexpectpeopletobeinterestedintheirprivatelives.Whentheyseekapublicrole,theyshouldexpectthattheywillloseatleastsomeoftheirprivacy."

像演员、政治家和运动员这样的公众人物应该预料到大众会对他们的私生活感兴趣。

当他们希望受人瞩目的时候就应该至少预期到会失去一些隐私（被大众得知一些隐私）。

Agree:

Intensemediaattentiontothelivesofpublicfiguresraisesapresumptioninthecollectivemindoftheviewingorreadingpublicthatourpublicfigures’livesarefarmoreinterestingthanourown.

Themediaconsistoflargecorporationswhosechiefobjectiveistomaximizeshareholderprofit.Inpursuitofthatobjective,themediaaresimplygivingthepublicwhattheydemand—avoyeuristiclookintotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Nevertheless,thestatementshouldbequalifiedinthatapoliticalfigurehasreasontoexpectprivacythanotherpublicfigures.

少数和多数之公众人物的隐私

33."

Creatinganappealingimagehasbecomemoreimportantincontemporarysocietythanistherealityortruthbehindthatimage."

在当代社会，打造一个引人入胜的外表已经变得比外表下的内容更加重要了。

Iagreethatimagehasbecomeamorecentralconcern,atleastwhereshort-termbusinessorpoliticalsuccessisatstake.Nevertheless,Ithinkthatinthelongertermimageultimatelyyieldstosubstanceandfact.

Theimportantroleofimageisparticularlyevidentinthebusinessworld.

Thegrowingsignificanceofimageisalsoevidentinthepoliticalrealm,particularlywhenitcomestopresidentialpolitics.

Inthelongterms,however,thesignificanceofimagewanesconsiderably.

外表和内容

36."

Thegreatnessofindividualscanbedecidedonlybythosewholiveafterthem,notbytheircontemporaries."

一个人是否伟大是由后人评定的而非他同时代的人。

Wedonotrequirearear-viewmirrortorecognizeartisticgreatness—whetherinmusic,visualarts,orliterature.Thereasonforthisissimple:

artcanbejudgedatfacevalue.

Incontrast,inthesciencesitisdifficulttoidentifygreatnesswithoutthebenefitofhistoricalperspective.

Intherealmofbusiness,insomecasesgreatachievementisrecognizableimmediately,whileinothercasesitisnot.

时间先后

40."

Scholarsandresearchersshouldnotbeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.Itismoreimportantthattheypursuetheirindividualinterests,howeverunusualoridiosyncraticthoseinterestsmayseem."

我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。

更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。

Whoistodecidewhichareasofacademicinquiryareworthwhile?

Scholarscannotbelefttodecide;

norcanregulatorsandlegislators.

Secondly,byhumannaturewearemotivatedtopursuethoseactivitiesinwhichweexcel.

Thirdly,itis“idiosyncratic”and”unusual”avenuesofinquirythatleadtogreatestcontributionstosociety.

少数和多数之科学家

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