最新名词性从句讲义及综合练习.docx
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最新名词性从句讲义及综合练习.docx
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最新名词性从句讲义及综合练习
空课讲义三答案
名词性从句
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。
分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面
1. 考查引导词that与what的区别
2. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
3. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
4. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
一、名词性从句的连接词
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:
when, where, how, why
二、具体分类:
1. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:
1)What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
2)It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
3)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
4)Thattheearthmovesaroundthesun (地球围绕太阳转) is a truth.
5)Whoeverstudieshard(任何努力学习的人) will pass the exam.
6)WhatItoldyou(我所告诉你的) just now was what had been written in the letter.
7)WhetherIacceptthegiftorrefuseit( 我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)is none of your business.
★有时用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
常用句型如下:
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary(important, obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)that… 有必要/重要的是…(从句用虚拟语气)
b.It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed (said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc).that…人们相信…
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge (nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc).that…是常识
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears /happens/occurred to sbthat…似乎……
8). 他没有想到Jack能够把这道题目做出来。
It didn’t occur to him thatJackcouldfigureitout.
9). 真奇怪你这样说。
It is strange thatyoushouldsayso.
10). 英语正被接受为国际的语言,这是事实。
It is a fact thatEnglishisregardedasanInternationallanguage.
2.宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语
1).You can write about _________________(无论什么) topic you like. whatever
2).He made ______quite clear __________ he wouldn't change his mind. it;that
3).You may choose from _______ ________ _______(从剩下的东西中). whatisleft
4).I don't doubt __________ my friend John will come to China soon. that
5).I doubt ____________ he will come or not. whether
6).I don't think ________ true that he came to the concert yesterday. it
7).She told her pupils that the earth is round. (不用was)
8).He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first timehe would spend his holiday alone abroad.
规律总结:
(1) 主句的谓语是 make, find , see, hear 等,而且带有复合宾语时,可把宾语从句放在宾补之后,用 it 作形式宾语。
(2) 某些 adj. 如 sure, happy, glad, certain 等,以及一些非谓语动词之后可带宾从。
(3) 主句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以不受限制.主句的谓语动词如果是过去时,则宾语从句的谓语动词通常必须 用过去的各种时态,这叫时态的一致性.
★但有两种情况不受事态一致性的约束,即宾语从句中有具体的时间或讲述的内容是真理、客观事实。
(4)doubt的宾语从句:
在否定句中用that,肯定句中用whether.
(5)(5)用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例1)3)
(6)当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句时,第一个that
★that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in,but的宾语。
如:
Tomisaniceboy,exceptthatheissometimeslateforschool.
汤姆是个很棒的男孩,除了有时上学迟到。
Hisrequestisunreasonable inthat heknowswecan'taffordit.
他的要求是不合理的,因为他知道我们负担不起。
★宾语从句中的虚拟语气
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
规律总结:
在demand,order,advise,recommend,propose,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command,require等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
3.表语从句
①The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
②That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
③It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
④The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
⑤Shenzhen is not whatit was 10 years ago.
规律总结:
1.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语
从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为:
主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
2.that不省略
3.需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
★表语从句中的虚拟语气:
在advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,demand,request,requirement,command,order等名词后面的表语从句中,句子要用虚拟语气。
如:
My suggestion is that we should give him another chance.
Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,
规律总结:
可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting .
The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable.
提示:
下列名词如:
advice,sugg
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