Environment change the character文档格式.docx

Environment change the character文档格式.docx

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班级：

英语0901

完成日期：

2011年11月18日

—onthecharactersofGreatExpectations

By

WangLi

CLASS:

0901

ForeignLanguagesofDepartment

Xi'

anUniversityofFinance&

Economics

Nov.2011

Environmentchangethecharacter

—OnthecharactersofGreatExpectations

Abstract

"

GreatExpectations"

hasbeenconsideredtobeoneofCharlesDickens’mostmatureandrelativelylateworks.ItgavemeanimpressionthatthebookshowstheheroofthestoryhadGreatExpectationswhenIfirstseetheChinesetitleofthiswork.However,readingoverthebookIrealizedthatthis"

takesanironicband——itshouldbesaidthatthethemeofthisworknotonlytoldthestoryoforphanPipwhowantedtobetheidealfirst-classdisillusionment.TheheroPiplivedwithhissister’sfamily.Thoughtheirlifewashard,Pipdidn’twishtobeafirst-classperson,hisvisionwastobeablacksmithlikehisbrother-in-law.Thereasonwhyhechangedhismindandwaseagertobeafirst-classpersonlaterwasthechangingofenvironment——hemetMissHarvisham,Estellaandsomeothercomplexpeople.AsweknowoneofDickens'

sphilosophythoughtsisenvironmenttakesadeepimpacttohumans’ideologicalandthestoryexpresseshisviewthatdifferentenvironmentcreatesdifferentpeople.

Keywords:

environment,change,impact,character

内容摘要

《远大前程》被认为是查尔斯·

狄更斯相对较晚但最成熟的作品。

当我第一次看到这部作品的中文标题时，还以为这本书讲述了一个前程似锦，最终实现远大理想的英雄人物的事迹。

但是，读完这本书后，我意识到原来这部作品的标题带有讽刺意味—－应该说这部作品不只是讲述了一个名叫匹普的孤儿一心想要成为梦想中的上等阶级最终却梦想破灭的故事。

主人公匹普和她姐姐一家住在一起。

虽然他们的生活过得很艰辛，但匹普却从来没想过要当上等人，能成为像他姐夫那样出色的铁匠，他就心满意足了。

而之后他之所以改变了自己的想法并急切的想要成为一个上等人都是因为他所处的环境发生了改变—－他见到了哈维莎姆小姐，埃斯特拉以及一些其他的人。

我们都知道狄更斯的一个著名哲学思想就是环境对人们的思想意识有很大的影响，这个故事就阐述了不同的环境创造不同的人这一观点。

关键词：

环境改变影响性格

Contents

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.IntroductionofCharlesDickens…………………………………………………………1

1.2.Introductionofthenovel………………………………………………………2

2.Socialbackground……………………………………………………………………3

3.Influenceofenvironmentchanging…………………………………………………4

3.1.InfluenceonPip…………………………………………………………………4

3.2.InfluenceonMissHavisham……………………………………………………5

4.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………6

—OnthecharactersofGreatexpectations

1.Introduction

1.1.IntroductionofCharlesDickens

CharlesDickens,thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealism（批判现实主义）,wasbornin1812atPortsmouth.Whenhewasfouryearsold,hisfamilymovedtoChatham,andthefiveyearshespenttherewerethehappiestofallhisboyhood.Oneday,hefoundapileofEnglishnovels,whicharousedhiscuriosity.Nowthekeytothetreasure-houseofliteraturehadbeenputinhishand.

In1821theDickensfamilymovedtoapoorquarterinLondon.Mr.Dickenswasheavilyindebtanddidnotknowwhichwaytoturnformoney.FinallyhewastakentotheMarshalseaPrison,London,fordebt.ShortlyafterwardsMrs.Dickensandtheyoungerchildrenwenttotheprison,too,tojointhefather.

The12-year-oldCharleswassenttoworkinafactoryintheEastEndofLondon.Worktherebeganateightinthemorningandendedateightatnight.Sundayshespentattheprison,andduringtheweekhewasoutworkingallday.Hismiserablelifeatthefactoryleftaneverlasting,painfulbrandontheboy’smind.Yearslater,whenhewasaman,hewouldnotwalkbytheplacewherethefactoryhadlain.AllthishadadeepinfluenceonDickens’thoughtandworkinafteryears.

CharlesDickensvisitedAmericaninthefallof1867.Whereverhewent,thereceptionwasalwaysthesame.Thenightbeforeticketswentonsale,crowdsarrivedandlinedupbeforethedoor.Bymorningthestreetsbecamecampgroundswithmen,women,andchildrensittingorsleepingrightthere.Hustlers（票贩子）wereasking$25for$2ticketsand$50for$5seats.InNewYorkCity,over5,000peoplewaitedfromnineo’clockinthemorningfortheeveningperformance.Everywherethereadingsweresuccessful,butaudiencesweresurprisedtoheartheirfavoritenovelcharactersspeakwithanEnglishaccent.After76readings,DickensgotonashipforEngland.Whenhisfellowpassengersrequestedareading,herepliedthatratherthanreadaword,hewouldassault（殴打）thecaptainandbeputinprison.

TheCriticalRealism:

ThemainstylisticfeatureofDickensishisuseofcriticalrealism.Dickens’novelsaresetinrealisticenvironmentssuchasinthefactoryorinthestreet.Hischaractersrepresentallaspectsofsocietyfrombeggars,criminalsandorphanstofactoryowners.ThiscriticallyrealisticdescriptionofVictorianworkingclasslifeisperhapstheveryessence（要素）whichmakesDickensoneofthegreatestauthorsofalltime.

1.2.Introductionofthenovel

Thestoryisconsideredwritteninasemi-autobiographicalstyle,itcanbeconsideredsemi-autobiographicalofDickens.Havingexperiencedawealthofhumanlife,Dickensgotadeeperunderstandingofhuman-being,thesurroundingenvironmentaswellashislifeexperiences.Andallhismaturethinkingandunderstandingweresummarizedintothebook"

.

ThestoryisdividedintothreephasesofPip'

slifeexpectations.Thefirst"

expectation"

isthefirst19chapters,thesecondpartisfromchapter20tochapter39,andtherest20chaptersarethethirdpart.

Inthefirstexpectation,Piplivesahumbleexistencewithhisill-temperedoldersisterandherstrongbutgentlehusband,JoeGargery.PipissatisfiedwiththislifeandhiswarmfriendsuntilheishiredbyMissHavishamandEstella.Fromthattimeon,Pipaspirestoleavebehindhissimplelifeandbeagentleman.ThislifeissuddenlyturnedupsidedownwhenheisvisitedbyaLondonattorney,Mr.Jaggers.ThesecondstageofPip'

sexpectationshasPipinLondon,learningthedetailsofbeingagentlemen,havingtutors,fineclothing,andjoiningculturedsociety.Attheendofthisstage,Pipisintroducedtohisbenefactor,againchanginghisworld.Inthethirdstage,Pipknewthepeoplewhowantshiminheritalargefortuneisaconvictsavedbyhimwhenhewasyoung,notMissHarvishamasheexpected.Andfinallytheconvictwascaughtagain,Pipfailedtobeamemberofthefirst-class,ofcoursethereisnoGreatexpectations.

Pipwasbroughtupbyhissisterwhowasunpleasantaswellascrudeandherfriendlyblacksmithhusband—Joe.JoehimselfhadarrangedacommonhardbutsatisfiedpathforPiptogothrough,andontheotherhand,Pipbeheldthisashishighestgoaltoachieve.Butthetwothingswhichhehadexperiencedlaterhadchangedhispursueandhisfateaswell.MetAbelMagwith（anescapedconvict）intheswamp,andunwillinglyhelpedhimoutofdangerbystealingfoodfromhisownhome.Ifsaythathadchangedhisattitudeformateriallife,then,hisintroductiontoMissHavisham,anagingwomanwhohadbeenjiltedatthealterandEstellawhohadbeenbroughtupbyHavishamonlytorevengeforherownpainhadbroughtvastshockforhisworldofspirit.

Aspiringtobeagentlemandespitehishumbleborn,PipfortunatelyorunfortunatelyreceivedafundofwealthfromanunknownsourceandbeingsenttoLondonwithalawyer.Fromthenon,hebecameagentlemanwithoutquestionatthepriceoflosingeverything.

Thisstoryfullofquirkinessfromtheverybeginningtotheend,therelationsamongcharactersareanfractuousaswellwhichactuallyattractedmealot.

2.Socialbackground

Socialclassesbecamemoreandmoredistinctiveinthe19thcenturyofEngland.Therearemainlythreeclasses:

workclass—menandwomenwhoperformedphysicallabor,paiddailyorweeklywage;

Middleclass—menperformedmentalor"

clean"

work,paidmonthlyorannually;

Upperclass—didnotwork,incomecamefrominheritedlandandinvestments.Theyaredifferentinmanyaspects:

housingcondition,salary,etc.

OnekindoflivingstyleofupperandmiddleclassisHollyVillage,whileworkingclassliveinoldcottage.HollyVillage,designedbythearchitectHenryAstleyDarbishireforBaronessAngelaBurdett-Coutts,consistsofagroupofeightbuildingsbuiltaroundagreen,comprisingfourdetachedhousesandfourpairsofadjoiningcottages.Theoldercottagesforthemostpart,builtofbrick-noggin—thatistosay,aframingofoakfilledinwithbrick.Sometimesthebricksweresetbacksoastoallowofacoatingofplaster.Thebricksurface,whetherplasteredornot,wasusuallylime-whitened,thewhiteofthelimebeingslightlywarmedwithochre.

Differentclasseswillhavedifferentincomes.Aristocrats£

30,000;

Merchants,bankers£

10,000;

Middle-class（doctors,lawyers,clerks）£

300-800;

Lowermiddle-class（headteachers,journalists,shopkeepers,etc.）£

150-300;

Skilledworkers（carpenters,typesetters,etc.）£

75-100;

Sailorsanddomesticstaff£

40-75;

Laborers,soldiers£

25.

MenandwomenarealsodifferentinVictoriantime.

Dr.Acton'

sbookswereverypopular,andtheysuggesthowmuchtruththerewasinourstereotypesoftheconstrainedcharacterofnineteenth-centuryEnglishsexualbehavior.Inpropermiddle-classandupper-classcircles,womenweresupposedtohavenosexualconductbeforemarriage-ahandaroundthewaist,asmallkiss,andaferventpressingofthehandwasprobablytheacceptedlimitinmostcases.

Also,whenawomanmarried,shehadnoindependentlegalstatus.Shehadnoindependentlegalstatus.Shehadnorighttoanymoney（earned,inherited,etc.）,shecouldnotmakeawillorbuyproperty,shehadnoclaimtoherchildren,shehadtomovewithhimwhereverhewent.Ifthehusbanddied,heco