孟加拉产业政策Word格式文档下载.docx
- 文档编号:20991952
- 上传时间:2023-01-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:26.77KB
孟加拉产业政策Word格式文档下载.docx
《孟加拉产业政策Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《孟加拉产业政策Word格式文档下载.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
BangladeshIndustrialPolicy2010:
ACriticalAppraisal
AyuburRahmanBhuyan
[Abstract:
Thedraftindustrialpolicy(2010)ofBangladesh,announcedrecently,proposesanintegratedstrategyofeconomicgrowththroughrapidindustrialization.Itenvisagesanincreaseintheindustrysector’sshareinGDPto40percentby2021,withtheproportionoftheworkforceemployedinthesectorconcurrentlyrisingto25percentofthecountry’stotallabourforce.Whilemanyoftheprovisionsoftheproposedpolicywerecommontopreviouspoliciesaswell,ithasbroughtsomeimprovementsovertheimmediatepast(2005)industrialpolicy,inparticularabouttheclassificationofindustryandredefinitionofindustrysizeintermsofbothfixedcapitalandtheemploymentoflabour.Thispaper,however,expressessomereservationsaboutcertainprovisionsintheproposedpolicy,forexample,thoseregardingthrustsectorandregulatedindustries,therevivalofsickindustries,andaguardedapproachtodivestingpublicsectorenterprisesmerelyforpurposeofprotectingjobs.Thepaperattributesthefailureofpastindustrialpoliciestoboostindustrialgrowthtothepolicymakers’inabilitytoaddressthemanystructuralimpedimentsandpolicyfailuresthatsloweddownthepaceofindustrialactivity.Thepaperexpressesoptimismthatifthestructuralimpedimentsandpolicyobstaclesthatretardedindustrialgrowthinthepastwereremoved,theindustrialsectorinBangladeshcouldbeexpectedtoachieveadouble-digitgrowthandcomeclosertoreachingthetargetofraisingtheindustrysector’sshareinGDPto35-40percentinthenextdecade.]
I.Introduction
GovernmentannouncedadraftIndustrialPolicyon5September2010.TheCabinetCommitteehasalreadyokayedthedraftpolicy,whichisnowawaitingparliamentaryapproval.WhenapprovedbytheParliament,thenewpolicywillreplacethepreviousindustrialpolicyannouncedinMarch2005.
Governmentbelievesthatrapidindustrializationiskeytothecountry’seconomicdevelopment.Adenselypopulatedcountrywithapopulationofaround150millionlivingonalandareaof147570squarekilometer(56977squaremiles),itseconomyisdependentmainlyonagriculture,whichaccountsforafifthofGDPbutprovidesemploymenttoasmuchas50percentofthecountry’slaborforce.Sincethecountry’spopulationandlaborforcearegrowingrapidlyeveryyear,itishardlypossiblethatthegrowinglaborforcecaneverbeabsorbedintheagriculturesector,unlessthecountry’sindustrialsectorissufficientlydevelopedandexpandedtocreateadditionalemploymentopportunities.Giventheunfavorableland-manratioandtheunder-developedstateofthecountry’sagriculturesector,thekeytothegenerationofproductiveemploymentliesinstrongeconomicgrowththroughthestructuraltransformationoftheeconomyawayfromagricultureandtowardindustry[Bhuyan,2005].
Theproposedindustrialpolicypresentsanintegratedstrategyforachievinghigheconomicgrowthinthecountrythroughrapidindustrialization.Ithasbeenpreparedtakingintoconsiderationthegovernment’sdeterminationtoachievetheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)by2015,andhalvethenumberoftheunemployedandhunger-andpoverty-strickenpeopleby2017.
Toalleviatepovertybycreatingadditionalemploymentopportunities,theproposedpolicyaimstocreatejobforatleastonemanperfamily.Itenvisagesrapidindustrializationthroughshort-,medium-,andlong-termmeasures,forraisingtherateofGDPgrowthto8percentby2013,and10percentin2017andthereafter.Thepolicyreiteratesthecountry’swell-publicizeddesiretoachievethestatusofamiddle-incomecountryby2021.Theproposedpolicyputsemphasisonprivatesectorindustrializationeffortsbutatthesametimevowstoreformthepublicsectorenterprisestomakethemprofitable.
Acriticalevaluationofthejust-announceddraftindustrialpolicyistheobjectiveofthepaper.SectionIIhighlightsthesalientfeaturesofthePolicy,itsgoals,andstrategiesproposedtoachievethedesiredpolicyobjectives.SectionIIIbrieflymentionstheindustrialpolicyprovisionsregardingre-classificationofindustryandre-definitionofindustrysize,investmentincentives,institutionalarrangementsforexpandingindustrialactivity,andtheimplementation,monitoringandevaluationofprojects.SectionIVpresentsacriticalappraisaloftheproposedPolicy.ConcludingobservationsandsuggestionsforimprovementsinthePolicyappearinthefifthandfinalsection.
II.PolicyGoals,ObjectivesandStrategies
Theproposedindustrialpolicyenvisagesanincreaseintheindustrysector’sshareinGDPto40percentby2021fromthepresent28percent,andseekstoraisetheproportionoftheworkforceemployedinindustryto25percentofthecountry’stotallabourforceby2021from16percentnow.
Toensurethegrowthandexpansionoftheindustrialsector,thenewPolicyshallmakeavailableadequateopportunitiesforestablishingbothimport-substitutingindustriesthatwillcaterforthedomesticmarketandexpandinganddevelopingexport-orientedones.Tocreatehighervalueadditioninexports,thenewpolicywillencouragetransformingresource-basedexportindustriesintoprocess-basedones.
ThePolicygivesprioritytoprovidingtheindustrialsectorwithadequatefacilitiesofelectricity,gasandwater,andotherphysicalinfrastructurelikeroad,railtransportandtelecommunications.Agro-based,foodprocessing,andlabour-intensiveindustrieswillreceiveprioritiesinmattersofgettingfiscalandotherincentives.Stepswillbetakentoraiseinvestmentinthetourismindustryandraiseitsefficiency.
ThePolicyputsemphasisonthedevelopmentofsmall,mediumandcottageindustries,includinggivingencouragementstowomenentrepreneurs,toboosteconomicgrowththroughcreatingmorejobs.ItencouragesthegrowthofSMEsinruralareastoreducethepressureofmigrationtourbanareas.
TheestablishmentandbalanceddevelopmentofindustriesindifferentgeographicalregionsofthecountryisacoreobjectiveofthePolicy.Tothatend,itrecommendsforestablishingEconomicZones,IndustrialParks,High-TechParks,andPrivateEPZsforrapidandbalancedindustrialdevelopmentofthecountry.Inparticular,itproposestosetupseparateeconomiczonesforsectorssuchastextiles,ceramicsandpharmaceuticalingredients.Aspeciallawwillbeenactedforthesepurposes.
TheproposedPolicyreliesonthepremisethatavibrantanddynamicprivatesectoristhekeytothecountry’srapidindustrialgrowth.Thegrowthandexpansionoftheprivatesectorwillthereforebethemainobjectiveoftheindustrialpolicy.Publicinvestmentshallbelimitedonlytosectorsconsideredcrucialongroundsofnationalsecurityandinareasthatmighthaveacrowding-ineffectonprivatesectorinvestment.Governmentwillonlyplaytheroleofafacilitator.
ThenewPolicyencouragestheprivatizationofpublicsectorenterprises(PSEs)butintheeventthegovernmentconsidersitnecessarytoretaincertainPSEsinthepublicsector,theseenterpriseswillbeencouragedascomplementaryandcompetitivetoprivatesectorindustries.ThePolicy,however,imposesaconditionthat,whileprivatizingPSEs,alternativeemploymentofworkersthatarelikelytobecomeredundantafterprivatizationshouldbeensured.
PublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)shallbeanimportantelementintheproposedindustrialpolicy.UnderthePolicy,PPPprojectslikeflyovers,elevatedexpressways,monorail,undergroundrail,economiczonesetcwillbeapprovedunderthePrivateSectorInfrastructureGuidelines.FundswillbearrangedunderPPPinitiativesfordevelopinginfrastructureforindustrialclusters,industrialparks,thedevelopmentoflabour-intensiveindustries,andsettingupenvironment-friendlyindustries.
Thepolicywillprovidenecessaryprotectiontolocalindustriesfromunfaircompetitionfromdumpedorsmuggledimports.Itwillformulateappropriatemeasurestotackleproblemsofsickindustriesanddeviseanexitpolicyforindustriesthathavelongremainedsick.Itwilladoptappropriatemeasurestorehabilitatesickindustries,onacasetocasebasis,butatthesametimeformulatealawtoridthenationofsickindustries.
Sickindustries,iffoundpotentiallyviable,maybeconvertedintopubliclimitedcompaniestomakethemefficient,competitive,andprofitable.Governmentshallnotundertakeanynewprojectstoreplacesickindustrieswithoutsettlingtheirliabilities.ThenewPolicyis,however,infavourofadoptingappropriatereformsinthejutesector,diversifyingtheusesofjute,andtakingmeasurestomakejuteindustriesprofitable.Itwillalsoseektoimprovethemanagementofpublicsectorcottontextilemillstomakethemefficientandprofitable.
ThenewPolicyseekstomaketheindustrialsectorenvironment-friendlyandencourageindustrialenterprisestoadoptpollutioncontrolmeasures.Tothatend,Governmentwillensurethattheindustrializationprocessisenvironment-friendlyandconformstospecificWTOagreementsandstandards.
III.ClassificationofIndustryandRedefinitionofIndustry
Size,InvestmentIncentives,InstitutionalArrangementsfor
IndustrialExpansion,andImplementationandMonitoring
Mechanism
3.1IndustryClassificationandRedefinitionofIndustrySize
TheproposedPolicyclassifiesindustriesintofivecategories:
Large,Medium,Small,Cottage,andMicro.Theindustrialpolicyof2005classifiedindustriesintoonlythreecategories:
Large,MediumandSmall.Cottageandmicroindustriesarenewadditionsintheindustryclassificationunderthe2010Policy.
Inaddi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 孟加拉 产业政策
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)