一模前阅读理解专题练02 解析版Word文件下载.docx
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一模前阅读理解专题练02 解析版Word文件下载.docx
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isthestoryofaloveaffairbetweenabookeditorandanelderlynovelist.Thesecondsection,“Madness”describesanIraqi-AmericaneconomistwhoisbeingheldupatHeathrowairport.In“Asymmetry,”twoseeminglyunrelatedsectionsareconnectedbyashockingfinale.
Fiction|Viking.$27.
TheGreatBelievers
ByRebeccaMakkai
SetintheChicagoofthemid-80sandParisatthetimeofthe2015terroristattacks,Makkai’sdeeplyaffectingnovelusestheAIDSepidemicandamother’ssearchforherdistantdaughtertoexploretheeffectsofsenselesslossandoureffortstoovercomeit.
Nonfiction|RandomHouse$28.
Educated
ByTaraWestover
Westover’sextraordinarymemoir(回忆录)isanactofcourageandself-invention.Theyoungestofsevenchildren,shegrewupinIdaho,inasurvivalistfamilylackingevenabirthcertificate(证明)anddidnotattendschooluntilshewenttocollege.TherewardforhereffortsIsabookthatshowstoagreatthirsttolearn.
Nonfiction|Simon&
Schuster$37.50.
FrederickDouglass
ByDavidW.Blight
Douglasswrotethreeautobiographies(自传)himself,describinghisrisefromslaverytoaroleasoneofthegreatestfiguresofthe19thcentury,butBlight’sworkisfullerthananyofthose,relatingboththepublicandprivatelifeinawaythatDouglasseithercouldnotorwouldnotundertake.
【语篇简析】这是一篇应用文(广告布告)。
文章主要介绍了几本今年最好的书。
56.Whichofthefollowingbooksarepublishedbythesamepublishinghouse?
A.Asymmetry&
TheGreatBelievers.B.TheGreatBelievers&
Educated.
C.Educated&
FrederickDouglass.D.Asymmetry&
FrederickDouglass.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。
答案定位在Asymmetry部分Fiction|Simon&
Schuster$26.和FrederickDouglass部分Nonfiction|Simon&
Schuster$37.50.可知Asymmetry和FrederickDouglass.是同一家出版社出版的,故选D。
57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenthetwosectionsin“Asymmetry”.
B.“TheGreatBelievers”issetinapoorfamilyinIdaho.
C.Westoverdidn’tattendasingledayofschoolbeforegoingtothecollege.
D.Blightwrotethreeautobiographiesaboutboththepublicandprivatelife.
【答案】C
答案定位在Educated部分Theyoungestofsevenchildren,shegrewupinIdaho,inasurvivalistfamilylackingevenabirthcertificate(证明)anddidnotattendschooluntilshewenttocollege.可知Westover在上大学之前没有上过一天学,故选C。
B
TheAmericanCraftsmanstyleisatypeofdesign.Itwaspopularfrom1900tothe1930s.ItchangedthestyleofbuildingintheUnitedStates.
ThecraftsmanstyleoriginallybeganinEurope.TheBritishArtsandCraftsstylearoseinthe1860s.Theuniquedesignsofthismovementtriedtoofferdignitytothecommonperson.Handmadeitemswerepreferredbecausetheywerethoughtbetterthanitemsthatweremass-produced.ButthisBritishstylewasstillVictorian.Itstillonlyservedthewealthiestclients.
In1897agroupofBostonarchitectsbroughtthesehandcraftedstylestoAmerican.Theyplannedashowofcraftobjects,whichturnedouttobeahugesuccess.HeretheyrealizedthepotentialandestablishedtheSocietyofArtsandCraftsonJune28,1897.Itssloganwas“todevelopandencouragehigherstandardsinthehandicrafts.”
TheAmericanstylebeganastheVictorianErawasending.Itemphasizedhandmadework.Originalityandsimplicitywerehighlyvalued.Localmaterialsandthequalityofthehandicraftwereveryimportant.thesetraitsweremeanttodignifythemodesthomesofthemiddleclass.
Thesesimpledesignsusedglassandwoodthatwereproducedlocally.Theywerealsoveryelegant.ThemetalworkwasareactiontoVictorianOpulence.Theincreaseofmass-producedhousingitemswasrejected.TheAmericanCraftsmanusedcleanlines.Italsoreliedonsturdystructure.Naturalmaterialswerealwaysusedinthesehousesifpossible.
ThisstyleintroducedmanychangestotheaverageAmericanhome.Newdesignsweremadeforfamilieswithoutservants.Thiswasatraitofthenewmiddleclass.Thekitchenwentformbeingahiddenroomtoaprominentone.Anotherdevelopmentwasthebreakfastnook.Thisnewareaprovidedthefamilywithaplacetogatheratanytimeofday.
Also,inspirationaltotheCraftsmanstyleweretheShakerandMissiondesigns.TheAmericanCraftsmanstyleledtotheArtDecoMovementofthe1930s.
【语篇简析】这是一篇说明文,短文介绍了美国工匠风格的演变历史。
58.Accordingtothepassage,theAmericanCraftsmanstyleisatypeof_______.
A.ShakerandMissiondesign
B.housemadeforfamilieswithservants
C.designwhichwaspopularfrom1900tothe1930s
D.breakfastnook
【解析】推理判断题。
由第一段“TheAmericanCraftsmanstyleisatypeofdesign.Itwaspopularfrom1900tothe1930s.”可知,美国工匠风格是一种设计风格。
从1900年到20世纪30年代,它很受欢迎。
所以根据文章,美国工匠风格是1900年到20世纪30年代流行的一种设计风格。
故选C项。
59.AccordingtoPara.6,allthefollowingaretrueabouttheAmericanCraftsmanstyleEXCEPT_______.
A.Thebreakfastnookprovidedthefamilywithaplacetogather.
B.Thekitchenbecameamoreprominentroom.
C.Thisstyledidnotmakeanychangestothemiddle-classAmericanhome.
D.Housesweredesignedforanewmiddleclasswithnoservants.
由最后段“ThisstyleintroducedmanychangestotheaverageAmericanhome.Newdesignsweremadeforfamilieswithoutservants.Thiswasatraitofthenewmiddleclass”可知,这种风格给普通的美国家庭带来了许多变化。
为没有仆人的家庭做了新的设计。
这是新中产阶级的特点。
所以C选项“这种风格并没有改变美国中产阶级的家庭”被排除在外。
60.Theword“opulence”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.
A.richnessB.greedC.uglinessD.distaste
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。
由倒数第三段“Thesesimpledesignsusedglassandwoodthatwereproducedlocally.Theywerealsoveryelegant.ThemetalworkwasareactiontoVictorianOpulence.”可知,这些简单的设计使用了当地生产的玻璃和木材。
它们也很优雅。
金属制品是对维多利亚时代富裕的一种反应。
所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出,短文中的“opulence”一词最接近于richness“富裕”。
故选A项。
C
Thelargest-everstudyofthelinkbetweencitywalkabilityandhighbloodpressurehasbeenheldupasevidenceofthe“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”inimprovinglong-termhealthoutcomes,sayresearchers.
Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantassociationsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhood,lowerbloodpressureandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents.
Theoutcomesremainedconsistentevenafteradjustmentsforsocio-demographic(社会人口统计学),lifestyleandchangingphysicalenvironmentfactors,thoughtheprotectiveeffectswereparticularlypronouncedamongparticipantsagedbetween50and60,women,andthoseresidinginhigherdensityandpoorneighborhoods.
ThepaperwaspublishedintheInternationalJournalofHygieneandEnvironmentalHealththisweek.Withhighbloodpressureamajorriskfactorforchronic(慢性的)andparticularlyheartdiseases,researchersattheUniversityofHongKongandOxfordUniversitysaidthefindingsdemonstratedtheneedtotakenoticeofthehealth-influencingfactorinurbandesign.
“Withtheincreasingpaceofurbanizationanddemographicshiftstowardsanageingpopulation,webecomemorelikelytosufferfromchronicdiseases,”saidDr.ChinmoySarkar,anassistantprofessorattheHealthyHighDensityCitiesLaboftheUniversityofHongKongandleadauthorofthestudy.“Theactiontakentoimprovepublichealthmustconsidertheinvisiblevalueofurbanplanninganddesign.
“Wearespendingbillionsofpoundsinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases—ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”
Tomeasureaneighborhood’sactivity-promotingpotential,researchersdevelopedasetofindex(指标)ofwalkabilitycontainingrelevanturbanelements,includingresidentialandretail(零售)density,publictransport,street-levelmovement,anddistancetoattractivedestinations.
Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving;
andwereharmfultosocialinteractions,andassuchassociatedwithpoorermentalandphysicalhealth.
Becausewalkabilitywas“basedontheunderlyingdesignofthecity”,saidSarkar,citiescouldbemodifiedordesignedtoencourageit.“Suchinvestmentsinhealthydesignarelikelytobringinlong-termgainsastheyareenduringandcommon.”
【语篇简析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了研究发现步行能力的增强能够降低人们得慢性病的风险,专家呼吁城市建设要充分考虑城市设计的无形价值,通过让城市更加环保和适宜步行来提高人们的健康指数。
61.Byconsidering“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”,peoplecan_______.
A.reducetheageingpopulationB.promoteactivity-friendlyandwalkablecities
C.investinpreventingandcuringheartdiseasesD.slowdownthepaceofurbanization
【答案】B
根据第六段中的“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,”可知,通过考虑城市设计的无形价值,人们能够让城市变得更加环保和适宜步行,故B项正确。
62.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Asetofindexisessentialtoensurethaturbandesignpromoteswalkability.
B.Walkablecitieswillcureapersonofhisorherhighbloodpressure.
C.Chronicdiseasesarebecomingcommonduetopeople’sneglectoftheirhealth.
D.Middle-agedwomenlivinginpoorareasaremorelikelytobenefitfromincreasedwalkability.
根据第三段中的“thoughtheprotectiveeffectswereparticularlypronouncedamongparticipantsagedbetween50and60,women,andthoseresidinginhigherdensityandpoorneighborhoods.”可知,步行能力增强能够降低血压的效果在贫困地区的50到60岁之间的人以及妇女中尤为明显,由此推知生活在贫困地区的中年妇女更有可能受益于步行能力的增强,故D项正确。
63.Allofthefollowingaretheundesirableconsequencesofpoorly-designedneighborhoodsE
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