An Introduction to International Commercial LawWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Theregulatingobjectsandrangesofinternationalbusinesslawarebroaderthanthatofthetraditionalbusinesslaw.国际商法的调整对象和范围比传统的商法更为广泛。
Thetraditionalbusinesslawmainlyincludesthecontentsofthebusinesslawofact,thecompanylaw(UK)/thelawofcorporation(USA),thelawofbills,thelawofmaritimecommerce,thelawofinsurance,etc..传统的商法主要包括商行为法、公司法、票据法、海商法、保险法等内容。
However,alongwiththeexpansionofthecommunicatingscaleofthecurrentinternationaleconomyandtrade,andthevarietyandcomplicationofbusinesstransaction,exceptwiththehugedevelopmentoftheinternationalsaleofgoods,thereappearmanynewtypepracticesofinternationalbusinesstransactionandtrade,suchastheinternationaltransferoftechnology,tradeofindustrialpropertyandexclusivetechnologylicensing,internationalinvestment,internationalcooperativeproduction,internationalfinancing,internationalprojectcontracting,internationalleasing,etc..但是,随着当代国际经济贸易交流规模的扩大和商事交易的多样化、复杂化,除了国际货物买卖有了巨大的发展以外,还出现了许多新型的国际商事交易和贸易做法,如国际技术转让、工业产权与专有技术许可贸易、国际投资、国际合作生产、国际融资、国际工程承包、国际租赁,等等。
Thesetransactionshaveexceededtheregulatingrangeofthetraditionalbusinesslaws.Sotheyarecalledtheinternationalbusinesstransaction,andthelawsthatregulatethesetransactionsarecalledthelawofinternationaltransactionsortheinternationalbusinessLaw.这些交易已超出了传统商法调整的范围,有人把他们称为国际商事交易,并把调整这些交易的法律统称为国际交易法或国际商法。
Itsregulatingrangenotonlycoverstheinternationaltransactionsofvisiblegoodsorcargobutalsocoversthevariousrelationshipsthattechnology,capitalandlaboroccurintheinternationalflow.其调整范围不仅包括有形商品、货物的国际交易,而且包括技术、资金和劳务在国际流动中所产生的各种关系.
Currently,themainbodiesthatengageintheinternationalbusinesstransactionsarebasicallybusinessorganizationssuchascompaniesandenterprisesratherthancountries.现在,在国际上从事国际商事交易的主体基本上是公司、企业等商事组织而不是国家。
Thetransactionsbetweenthembelongtothetransactionsthatoccurinthebusinessorganizationsofthedifferentcountriesratherthanthetransactionsbetweenthedifferentcountries.它们之间的交易属于不同国家商事组织之间的交易,而不是不同国家之间的交易。
Therefore,intheconceptofinternationalbusinesslaw,theword“international”doesnotmean“betweenthenations”but“transnational”.Hence,theinternationalbusinesslawiscalledthetransnationalbusinesslaw.所以,在国际商法这一概念中,“国际”一词的含义并不是指“国家与国家之间”的意思,而是指“跨越国界”的意思。
因此,有人也把国际商法称为跨越国界的商法。
1.2TheConstituentPartsofInternationalLaw:
WhereistheInternationalBusinessLaw?
P.36
ThedistinctionsbetweenInternationalPublicLawandPrivateInternationalLawmainlylieinthedifferencesbetweenregulatingobjects,thatis,PrivateInternationalLawisusedtoregulatetheciviltransnationalrelationsbetweenanaturalpersonandalegalpersonwhileInternationalPublicLawisusedtoregulatethediplomatic,politicalandmilitaryrelationsbetweenstates.P.36
国际公法与国际私法的区别主要在于调整对象的差异:
国际私法是调整自然人、法人之间的跨越一国地域范围的民事关系,而国际公法调整的是国家与国家之间的外交、政治、军事关系。
I.3TwoMajorLegalSystemsoftheWorld
TheAnglo-AmericanCommonLawSystemp.18(CaseLaw)
(basedmainlyoncaselaw)
TheContinentalLawSystemp.20(Statute/Code)
(basedmainlyonstatuteorcode)
QUESTIONS:
1.WhatmajordifferencesaretherebetweentheAnglo-AmericanCommonLawSystemandtheContinentalLawSystem?
2.Whatmajordifferencesaretherebetweeninternationalpubliclawandprivateinternationallaw?
WordsandExpressions:
1.sumtotal总和
2.commercialtransaction商事交易
3.businesslawofact商业行为法
4.thecompanylaw(UK)/thelawofcorporation(USA)公司法
5.thelawofbills票据法
6.thelawofmaritimecommerce海商法
7.thelawofinsurance保险法
8.internationaltransferoftechnology国际技术转让
9.industrialproperty工业产权
10.tradeofexclusivetechnologylicensing专有技术许可贸易
11.internationalinvestment国际投资
12.internationalcooperativeproduction国际合作生产
13.internationalfinancing国际融资
14.internationalprojectcontracting国际工程承包
15.internationalleasing国际租赁
16.visiblegoods有形商品
17.transnationalbusinesslaw跨越国界的商法
18.illustrate(用示例、图画等)说明、解释
19.socio-geographicperspective社会地理学观点
20.culturalperspective文化观点
21.politicalandeconomicperspective政治及经济观点
22.historyimpactsonculture历史影响文化
23.cultureimpactsonpolitics文化影响政治
24.politicsimpactsoneconomy政治影响经济
25.economyimpactsonlaw经济影响法律
Lastchapterbeginswithanintroductionofthehistoricaldevelopmentcauseofinternationalbusinesslaw.Then,itillustratesthebasicknowledgefromthesocio-geographicperspective,culturalperspective,politicalandeconomicperspective.Itisworthstressingthatthereisaconnectionandanimpactbetweeneachofthem.Thatis,historyimpactsonculture,cultureimpactsonpolitics,politicsimpactsoneconomy,andeconomyimpactsonlaw.Theyimpactsononeanother.Inchapterone,we’vealsolearnedthetwomajorlawsystemsoftheworld:
theAnglo-AmericanCommonLawSystemandtheContinentalLawSystem.Now,thequestions!
ChapterTwo
重要更正:
p.37
PrinciplesofInternationalLaw
InthisChapter,westudytheinternationallawsystemfromsuchrespectsasthejurisdictionoftheinternationallaw,sourcesofinternationallaw.Intheauthors’view,internationallawispublicwhenitworkstodefinerightsbetweennations,anditisprivatewhenittriestosortoutrightsbetweenpersonswhoareseparatedbyaborder.(国际法在确定国与国之间的权利时是公性的,在确定不同国家的人之间的权利时是私性的。
)Privateinternationallawisnationallawoperatingwhereamaterial-foreignelementispresent,andconcernsitselfwiththreemajortopics:
civiljurisdiction,choicesofforumandlaw,andtherecognitionandenforcementofforeignjudgments.(国际私法是国内法运作,即只要出示外国具体要件,就要从三个要点关注此要件即:
民事管辖,法庭和法律的选择,国外裁判的认可与执行。
)p.37Treatiesandconventions,customarylaw,andjuscogens(Latin,compellinglaw)aretheprimarysourcesofinternationallaw,andarerecognizedassuchbytheInternationalCourtofJusticeoftheUnitedNations,alongwithjudicialdecisionsofdomesticjudgesandlegalwriters.(条约和公约、惯例法和强制法是国际法的主要来源,它们被联合国的国际审判法庭认可,也被国内法官和立法者认定。
)p.39Theseprinciplesofsovereigntyillustratewhyonestatewillnotblindlypursuethegrievancesofitsownnationalsthathavebeensufferedatthehandsofotherstates.(主权原则解释了为什么一个国家不会盲目跟随其在它国手中遭罪的其本国国民提出的申诉。
)p.45Theact-of-statedoctrineworkstoprovideforeignstatesanelementofimmunityfromsuitindomesticcourts.(国家行为准则旨在向本国法庭诉讼中的外国当事方提供豁免要件。
)p.47Civiljurisdictionmayexistoverpersons,property(andthepersonswithaninterestinthatproperty),oracombinationofboth.(民事管辖可以依个人对财产及个人在该财产中拥有的权益,或者两者的结合而存在。
)p.56Nationalityiscentraltoquestionsofcitizenship,whichisgovernedbyeachstate’snationallaw.Itisanessentialprerequisitewhereanindividualseeksdiplomaticassistancefromhisorhergovernment,orseekstohavethatgovernmentadvancehisorherinterestsbeforeaninternationalorganization.(国籍是公民身份的核心问题,由每一国的国内法管理,是个人从其政府寻求外交帮助或者要其政府在某个国际组织之前帮助维护其利益的起码的前提(不可或缺的先决条件)。
P.57
1.civiljurisdiction民事管辖
2.publicinternationallaw国际公法
3.Privateinternationallaw国际私法
4.Treatiesandconventions条约和公约
5.customarylaw习惯法
6.juscogens(Latin,compellinglaw)强制法
7.judicialdecision司法裁决,法院判决
8.sovereignty主权
9.grievance不满,不平,委屈,冤情,申诉
10.theact-of-statedoctrine国家行为准则
11.elementofimmunity豁免要素
12.prerequisite先决条件,前提
13.Nationality国籍
14.citizenship公民身份
15.essentialprerequisite起码的前提,不可或缺的先决条件
16.diplomaticassistance外交协助
17.revoi(来自法语)送回,退还,发送回来。
InConflictofLaws,renvoi(fromtheFrench,meaning"
sendback"
or"
toreturnunopened"
)p.69
ChapterThree
PublicOrganizationsandInternationalAgreements
TheUnitedNations
TheUnitedNationsisaninternationalorganizationfoundedin1945aftertheSecondWorldWarby51countriescommittedtomaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity,developingfriendlyrelationsamongnationsandpromotingsocialprogress,betterlivingstandardsandhumanrights.(联合国是1945年第二次世界大战后成立的国际组织。
当时共有51个国家承诺通过国际合作和集体安全来维护和平、发展国家间友好关系、促进社会进步、提高生活水平和保护人权。
)Duetoitsuniqueinternationalcharacter,andthepowersvestedinitsfoundingCharter,theOrganizationcantakeactiononawiderangeofissues,andprovideaforumforits192MemberStatestoexpresstheirviews,throughtheGeneralAssembly,theSecurityCouncil,theEconomicandSocialCouncilandotherbodiesandcommittees.(由于其独特的国际性质,和其《宪章》赋予的权利,该组织可就广泛的问题采取行动,并通过大会,安全理事会,经济及社会理事会和其他机构和委员会,为其192个会员国提供一个论坛来表达他们的观点。
)
TheworkoftheUnitedNationsreacheseverycorneroftheglobe.Althoughbestknownforpeacekeeping,peacebuilding,conflictpreventionandhumanitarianassistance,therearemanyotherwaystheUnitedNationsanditsSystem(specializedagencies,fundsandprogrammes)affectourlivesandmaketheworldabetterplace.(联合国工作的范围达到了地球每个角落。
虽然联合国最著名的是维持和平,建设和平,预防冲突和人道主义援助,但是联合国及其系统组织(专门机构,基金和方案)还通过许多其他方式,影响着我们的生活并使世界变得更加美好。
)TheOrganizationworksonabroadrangeoffundamentalissues,fromsustainabledevelopment,environmentandrefugeesprotection,disasterrelief,counterterrorism,disarmamentandnon-proliferation,topromotingdemocracy,humanrights,governance,economicandsocialdevelopmentandinternationalhealth,clearinglandmines,expandingfoodproduction,andmore,inordertoachieveitsgoalsandcoordinateeffortsfora
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