三相电度表中英文对照外文翻译文献Word文档格式.docx
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三相电度表中英文对照外文翻译文献Word文档格式.docx
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alwaysadoptsmechanicaltinplatetomeasure.Therearesomeshortcomingsthatthemeasurementprecisionfallswithmachineabrasion,singletimeperiodsettingandstrongmanpower[2].Inthispaper,weproposeanovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterbasedonAT89LV52.Thismulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeteradoptsAD7752formeasurement.Ithasthecharacteristicswhicharetime-sharingmeasurement,accuratemeasurement,LCDdisplay,automaticmeterreading,flexibletimeperiodsetting,timelyemendation,lowcostandnoveldesign.
II.STRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLE
Thenovelmulti-ratethree-phasewatt-hourmeterproposedinthispaperisbaseduponAT89LV52singlechip[3].AT89LV52hastheflashmemorizerwith8kbytes,cryptographicalprogrammemorizerwiththirdclass,RAMwith256bytes,32programmableI/Olines,threetime/counterwith16bitsandatwoclasshaltwithsixvectors.TheinterfacecircuitadoptsI2Cbusunitwhichisa8bitssinglechipwithgoodperformanceandsuitableprice.Thesystemstructurediagramisshowninfigure1.
Figure1.Systemstructurediagram
Theprincipleofthismulti-ratewatt-hourmeterisreadinginthe
multi-ratetimesegmentsusingRS485busandnotinginX25045thentakeovercorrectionalclockwithRS485busandwriteinclockCMOSchipS3530A.Thethree-phaseACvoltageandelectriccurrentpassthroughpotentiometerandmutualinductanceinstrumentrespectivelysoastoproducesmallsignalwhichissenttoAD7752tocompletemeasurement.TheclockCMOSchipS3530AgivesclockinformationpersecondinthecourseofautomaticmoveandanalyzethisclockbelongstowhichperiodoftimeaccordingtoadvanceperiodsoftimesetinX25045thensavetheelectricalenergyinRAMmemorizer
accordingtocorrespondingperiodoftime.WewriteittocorrespondingaddressofX25045whentheelectricalenergyachievesonedegreeinordertomakethemulti-ratemeasurementcometrue.Thiswatt-hourmeterhasfunctionsofclearLCDdisplay,missingphasedetection,burthencontrol,haltelectricitycheckandstorage,automaticmeterreadingandsoon.
III.THEDESIGHOFHARDWARECIRCUIT
A.Electricalenergymeasurement
Thethree-phaseelectricalenergymeasurementisrealizedbythelowconsumeCMOSchipAD7752ofADIcompany.TheinsideofAD7752adoptsdigitalcircuitbesidesADC,filterandmultiplicationcircuitwhichcaneliminatenoiseseffectively.Thesamplingcourseofvoltageandelectriccurrentinthree-phaseACpowersupplyloopisshowninfigure2inwhichIAstandsforvoltagesamplingofAphase.ThesamplingcircuitsofBphaseandCphasearesimilartoAphase.Thepowerafterintegralistransformedtoelectricalpulseforoutput.Thepulseoffan-outCFentersinto
interregnumINT0ofAT89LV52throughphotoelectricityinsulation4N25.CPUmeasurestheelectricalenergy[4].WeadjustthepulsenumberofCFbycombiningthestateofS1andS2.TheconnectionofelectricalenergyandpulseisW=MC.Inwhich,Wistheelectricalenergywiththeunitofkilowatt-hour,Misthetotalpulsenumber,Cisthepulsenumberofammeter.WechooseCequalsto3000thatistosayeverykilowatt-houris3000
pulses.
Figure2.Circuitschematicdiagramofwatt-hourmeter
B.LCDdisplay
TheLCDdisplay[6]adoptsHT1621CMOSchipofHOLTEKCompanyto
achievetwelvebitsdigitaldisplay.HT1621istheLCDdriverswith128segments(32×
4)innermemorizer.TheinteriorofHT1621consistsofcontrolandtimecircuits,RAM,LCDdriveandwatchtimer.Ithas
themeritsofsmallvolumeandlowcostsothatitissuittowatt-hourmeter.WeuseserialinterfacewhichonlyhasfourlinesbetweenHT1621andAT89LV52.Thedetailedconnectionisshowninfigure3.P20,P21,P22andP23ofAT89LV52connecttoCS,RD,WRandDATArespectivelywiththeusetorefurbishthedisplayofRAM.HT1621driveCMOSchiphas48nodesinwhichCOM0,COM1,COM2,COM3connecttothecommunalendanddriveoutputofLCDandSG0,SG1,SG2,SG3connecttodriveoutputofeverysegmentrespectively.Inaddition,anadjustableresistanceof20kΩisputbetweenVDDandVLCDtoadjustthedisplaycontrastofLCD.ExperimentshowsthatthecontrastisbetterwithVDD=5VandVLCD=4V.
C.Serialmemorizer
SerialmemorizeradoptslowpowerconsumptionchipX25045ofXICOR
company.IthasthreefunctionswhicharewatchdogtimerWTD,voltagesupervisionandserialmemorizerE2PROMwith512bytes.WTDcanbeset200ms,600msand1400mstimeintervals.ThesoftwareprogramisreadintoX25045.Duringthenormalrunningofprogram,WTDreceivesthetriggersignalintimeintervalsinordertoensurethenormalrunningofprogram.X25045willoutputahighpotentialthroughRESETlineifWTDdoesnotreceivetriggersignalintimeintervals.Thetriggerwatt-hourmeterresetinordertopreventprogramflyingaway.Astheserialmemorizerchip,512bytesofX25045areusedtostoragethewatt-hourmetercode,multi-rateperiodsoftime,theapexelectricity,smoothelectricity,valeelectricityandtotalelectricityoflastmonthandthismonth.Storagecanbedividedintotwosameareas.Oneisusedasdatastorage.Theotherisusedforbackup.Thenumberofstoragecanberevised100,000times.Datacanbestoredfor100years.ItisconnectedwithAT89LV52bySPIagreementbus.Theconnectionisshowninfigure3.
D.Clockcircuit
TheclockcircuitiscompletedbyS3530Achip.Itisalowpower
consumptionclockchipthatsupportsI2CBus.ItsetstheclockandcalendaraccordingtothedatareceivedbyCUPcommunicatingwithRS485.Atthesametime,itcontinuestowalktimebyitsownoscillation.Thecrystal
oscillatorof32.768kHzisputbetweenXinandXoutofS3530AwhichisconnectedwithCPUthroughlatching.SDAfootandSCLfootconnecttoP1.6andP1.7ofAT89LV52respectively.TherearetwointerruptalarmingfootscanbesetassecondoutputorminuteoutputsynchronizingpulsewhichsupplyinterruptsignaltoAT89LV52withonesecondperiod.Single-chipsystemwillreadoutthecurrenttimethroughI2Ccommunicationinterfaceaccordingtothissignalandcalculatetheperiodoftimethatthismomentbelongstosoastorealizetheelectricalenergymeasurementindifferentperiodsoftime[5].Thisclockcircuithassparelithiumbattery.ThepowersupplyVCCsupplypowerinnormalwiringandelectrifiedforlithiumbatteryof3.6V.Whenthereispoweroff,thesystemwillautomaticallyconvertlithiumbatterytoclockcircuitforpowersupply.Theclockwillstillrunningaccuratelyeventhepowerisoff.
Figure3.Partialcircuitfigureofwatt-hourmeter
E.RS485Communication
MAX485chipcanimplementRS485communicationcontrolof
multi-ratewatt-hourmeter.MAX485chiphasRS485communicationprotocol.Itcantake128hypogenouscomputers.Itstransmissiondistanceisgreaterthan1kmanditstransferrateisupto250kbpersecond.Thewatt-hourmeterconnectswiththeunitcontrollerthroughtheRS485bus.Eachunithasacellcontrollercanmanage128multi-ratewatt-hourmeter.Thecellcontrollerconnectstopowermanagementcomputer.Eachwatt-hourmeterhasoneandonlymeternumberwitheightbitsofhex.Theelectricianshouldwritetheuser’sinformationandmeternumberandthenimporttothepowermanagementcomputerforinitialinstallationsoadtocompletetheconnectionofuserandmanagementcomputer.Managementcomputersendssettingofperiodoftimeandclockinformationwiththemannerofbroadcastcommunicationwithoutaddressinformation.PCuploadsinformationbythewayofcallingaddress.
F.LackPhasedetectionandrelaycontrol
Itcanachieverelaycontrol[7]withP27ofAT89LV52.P27can
controlrelaysusing4N25photoelectricityisolatorsoastocompletepowersupplyandpowercontrol.LackPhasedetectiongetsthesignalfromfan-outoftherelayandconnectsto1footofphotoelectricityisolatorafterpassinga75Kresistance,thediodehalf-waverectifierandcapacitivefilteringrespectively.Wedetectthe4footofisolatortodeterminewhetherthereisthelackofphase.Ifthereislackofphase,wedetectagainafter2secondsovertime.Webreakoffthepowerimmediatelyifthereislackofpowerafterthetwiceconfirmation.Inpowerprotectioncircuit,itusestheINT1interruptfootofAT89LV52todetectsignal.
Whenthereisasuddenpoweroff,INT1jumpsintoalowvoltageandtheINT1interruptenterstothepowerprotectionprogramrelyingontheenergystoragecapacitortosavedata.Inthesystem,pulseoutputofAD7752,relaycontrolportandtheinputsoflackphasedetectionallusephotoelectricisolator4N25.Itsendselectricalsignalbylightcouplingwhichcanenhancetheabilityofanti-jamming.
IV.THEDESIGNOFSOFTWARE
A.Thedistributionofresource
Thesoftwareprogramincludesmainprogram,X25045readandwriteprogram,RS485serialcommunicationprogram,interruptserveprogram,timerhandlingprogram,HT1621displaycontrolprogram,electricalenergymeasurementindifferentperiodoftimeandpowerdownprotectionprogram,andsystemself-checkingandanti-interferencehandlingprogram.Interruptresourcedistributionofsystemis:
INT0interruptisusedasAD7752pulsemeasurement,INT1assynchronizationdetecting,timerT0as100mstiming,T1as1mstiming,andT2asbaudrategeneratorforserialcommunicationprogram.RS485asynchronouscommunicationissettoreceive
interruptandcheckinformationforsending.
B.Moduledesigh
Theflowchartofmainprogramisshowninfigure4.Thewatt-hour
metershouldbeabletoinitializeateachpoweruptime.Theinitializingprogramincludessettingworkingmodeoftimers,serialstomataandinterruptsforAT89LV52,writingcontrolwordintoX25045,S3530AandH
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