初中定语从句讲解文档格式.docx
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初中定语从句讲解文档格式.docx
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4.
Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5.
Theysaidsomethingthatyoudidn’tlike.
6.
Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8.
HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.
9.
MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.
10.
Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12.
Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.
13.
Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14.
Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.
15.
AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二;
定语从句的分类:
限定性定语从句&
非限定性定语从句
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的部分,主从句之间不能用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句则要用逗号与主句隔开,去掉时并不影响主句意思。
MybrotherwholivesinNewYorkhassixchildren.(可能还有其他兄弟)
Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,hassixchildren.(只有这一个兄弟)
二、关系代词引导的定语从句:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
6.as引导的定语从句
1.在限定性定语从句中,as多和such和thesame连用。
(1)Suchpeopleaswereinvitedbyhimweretheengineersofthefactory.他邀请的人都是那家工厂的工程师。
(2)ThisisthesamethingasIneed.这和我要的东西是一样的。
2.在非限定性定语从句中,as所指代的是它前面整个主句。
位置很灵活。
(1)Sheisverypatient,asisshowninherwork.
(2)Ascanbeseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.
(3)Einstein,asiswellknown,isafamousscientist.
注1:
that用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
1.ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoJack.
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
1.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
2.That’sall(that)Iknownow.
3.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。
4.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
1.Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresent(在现场的)atthetime.
2.Itistheverycar(that)Isawintheaccident.
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
1.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.
2.LiYundiwasthefirstChinesethatwonthisprize.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
1.IstillrememberthepeopleandthethingsthatImetinAmerican.
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
1.Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
(g)为了避免重复.
1.Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
1.Thisistheway(that)helearnsEnglish.(不能用how)
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
1.Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
注2:
只用who的情形
a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those等时;
1.Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.任何那样做的人肯定疯了。
2.Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.违法者将受到惩罚。
b.在therebe结构中,先行词是人时;
1.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.
c.当先行词是人,后有较长修饰语时;
1.ImetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthreegoldmedalsintheAsianGames.
d.为了避免重复或引起歧义。
1.ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadteacherwhohasjustcomefromShanghai.
e.当先行词是I,you,he,they等时(常用于谚语中);
1.Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者必自焚。
二、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1.Theman_________wantstoseeyouisattheoffice.
Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7.
Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.
Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
11.
Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.
Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
Thisistheveryshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
Thebook____________isonthetableismine.
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词:
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"
一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
注:
1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"
介词+关系词"
结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
3.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
注4:
how不能作关系连词。
练习(三):
将下列各句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。
1.Heistheyoungwriter.Hewrotethebook.
2.Doyouknowthedoctor?
Hecomeshereonceamonthandexaminestheworkers.
3..TheforeignguestisMrGreen.Yousawhimattheschoolgate.
4.Heisthenewhead.Iwastalkingabouthimthismorning.
5.I’vereceivedthebook.Fathersentittome.
6.Thefactoryhasgotonesuccessafteranother.Wevisitedthefactorylastweek.
7.What’sthenameofthegirl?
HergrandpatookpartintheLongMarch.
8.Themanlooksliketheactor.I.veheardhissongsonTV.
9.Thisletterisfrommyelderbrother.Heservesinthearmy.
10.Doyouseethebridge?
Itwasbuiltlastyear.
三、单项选择
()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.
A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto
C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening
()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything
()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which
()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat
()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk
C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk
()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whoseB.who’sC.it'
sD.its
()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?
A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit
()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that
练习(四)
1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.
A.which
B.what
C.as
D.those
5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.that
B.where
C.inwhich
D.inthat
6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhich
B.onthat
D.ofwhat
7.Thisbookwill
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