集装箱码头的泊位配置外文文献翻译Word文件下载.docx
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集装箱码头的泊位配置外文文献翻译Word文件下载.docx
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文献标题:
Performanceanalysisofberthconfigurationsatcontainerterminals(关于集装箱码头的泊位配置的性能分析)
国外作者:
IrisF.A.Vis;
RoelG.vanAnholt
文献出处:
OperationsResearch-Spektrum,2010,32(3):
453-476
字数统计:
英文2198单词,11035字符;
中文3622汉字
外文文献:
Performanceanalysisofberthconfigurationsatcontainerterminals
AbstractThecontainerizedtrademarkethasbeengrowingrapidlysinceitsintroduction.Thecapacityofshipsandtheamountofcontainersbeingtransshippedatcontainerterminalsincreasessignificantly.Terminalsshouldhandletheiroperationsefficientlytoprovidethenecessarycapacityandcustomerservice.Indesigningacontainerterminal,terminalmanagementhastoconsiderthechoiceforacertaintypeofberth.Inthispaper,wecomparebymeansofasimulationstudytheperformanceoftraditionalone-sidedmarginalberthsandindentedberths.Anindentedberthenablesquaycranestounloadandloadcontainersfrombothsidesoftheship.Asaresult,morequaycranescanworkonasingleship.Asmainperformancemeasureinthiscomparisonweusethetotalvesseloperationtimerequiredtounloadandloadaship.Thistimedependsnexttocraneproductivityalsoontheefficiencyofthetransportationandstorageandretrievalprocessesintheterminal.Wehaveperformedasensitivityanalysisinwhichwealsostudytherelationbetweentheselectionofanindentedberthandotherdesignandcontrolissuesintheterminal.
KeywordsContainerterminals,Indentedberth,Performanceanalysis,Design,Simulation
1.Introduction
Sincethe1950s,moreandmorecargoisbeingcontainerizedandexportandimportisincreasingonaglobalscale.ThehighgrowthrateofcontainerizedtradeismorerecentlyinitiatedbytheuprisingoftheFarEast.Thecapacityofshipshasbeenextendedupto12,000twentyfeetequivalentunitcontainer(TEU)toensurethatallcontainerscanbetransportedworldwidefromporttoport.Portsshouldberesponsiveandonguardtohandleandtotransshipthesemassivevolumesofcontainers.Dockingtimesofshipsshouldbeasshortaspossibletosatisfycarriersandtheshippersofcontainerizedgoods.Inotherwords,allterminalprocessesshouldbeperformedasefficientlyaspossible.
TheseprocessesareillustratedinFig.1andcanbedescribedasfollows.Anarrivingshipwillmoorataberth.Quaycranesarepositionedonthequaysattheberth.Thesecranesunloadcontainersaccordingtoanunloadplan.Next,thesecontainersneedtobetransportedtothestoragearea(i.e.,stack).Differenttypesoftransportsystemscanbeused.Whenaterminalusesvehicleswithoutliftingcapabilities(e.g.,automatedguidedvehicles),avehicleneedstobeavailabletoreceivethecontainerthemomentthecontainerhasbeentakenoutofftheship’sholdordeck.Inthatwaydelaysintheunloadingprocesscanbelimited.Consequently,the(un-)loadingandtransportationprocessesdependoneachother.Self-liftingvehicles(e.g.,straddlecarriers)areabletoliftacontainerfromtheground.Whensuchatypeofvehicleisdeployed,quaycraneswillpositionretrievedcontainersatamarshallingareaatthequay.Here,the(un-)loadingandtransportationprocessesaredecoupled.Amarshallingareausuallyhasafinitecapacitywhichdependsontheavailablespaceatthequay.Aself-liftingvehicleneedstoliftacontainerbeforethisareaiscompletelyfull.Inthatway,aquaycranecancontinueitsoperationwithoutanydelays.
Thetransportvehiclestransshipthecontainerstothestacktobestored.Astackconsistsofmultipleblocksofcontainers.Eachblockofcontainershasmultipleparallelrows,eachwithafixednumberofstoragelocations.Containerswillbestoredtemporarilyuponfurthertransportationtotheir(final)destinationsbyothermodesoftransportation.Differenttypesofstorageequipmentcanbeusedtostoreandretrievecontainersfromthestack.(Automated)yardcranesspanmultiplerowsofcontainers.Theyreceivecontainersfromthetransportvehiclesandstorethemintothestack.Ifself-liftingvehiclesexecutethetransportationprocess,itcanbedecidedtohavethemstorethecontainersinthestackbythemselves.Allprocessescanbeexecutedinareverseordertoloadcontainersonaship.Aloadplanindicatestheorderinwhichcontainersshouldbeloadedontheship.
Terminalmanagementneedstoaddressmultipledecisionproblemstodesignanefficientcontainerterminal.VisandDeKoster(2003),Steenkenetal.(2004)andmorerecentlyStahlbockandVoss(2008)provideanoverviewofallrelevantdecisionproblemsandrelatedliterature.AsdescribedinVisandDeKoster(2003),threeplanningandcontrollevelscanbedistinguishedinthisdesignprocess.Atthestrategiclevel,long-termdecisionsaretakenwhicharemainlyrelatedtotheterminallayoutandselectionofthetransportandstoragesystemstobeused.TheselectionofthetransportandstoragesystemsdirectlyinfluencesthewayalllogisticsprocesseswillbeperformedasexplainedinFig.1.Vis(2006)comparesdifferenttypesofstoragesystemsbymeansofasimulationstudy.VisandHarika(2004)comparedifferenttypesoftransportsystemsbyperformingasimulationstudyinwhichtheymodelaterminalwithliftingandnon-liftingvehicles.Typicallayoutissuesconcerntheselectionofthetypeofberthused,thelocationsofthestacks,andthespecificlayoutofeachoftheindividualareas.Forexample,Kimetal.(2007)comparevariouswaysofpositioningstackstotheberth,namelyparallelandperpendicularpositioning.Wewillfocusinthispaperonthestrategicproblemofselectingthetypeofberthconfigurationusedintheterminal.
Atthetacticallevelithastobedecidedwhichplanningandcontrolpoliciesforeachofthelogisticsprocessesintheterminalwillbeimplemented.Forexample,apolicyneedstobeselectedtoallocateshipstoberths(e.g.,Imaietal.2001),tosequencestorageandretrievalrequestsinthestack(e.g.,VisandRoodbergen2009)ortodispatchcontainerstovehicles(e.g.,Bishetal.2001).Attheoperationallevelalldetaileddailydecisionsneedtobemade.Decisionsatoneleveldirectlyinfluencedecisionsatanotherlevel.Forexample,thelayoutoftheterminaldirectlyinfluencestheperformanceofalllogisticsprocessesandtheproductivityoftheterminal.Therefore,itisadvisedtoconsiderthedecisionsatthevariouslevelsinrelationtoeachother.Inthispaper,wewillstudytheberthdesignselectionprobleminrelationtootherdesignandcontrolissuesintheterminal.Fromtheliteratureoverviews,wecanconcludethatsimulationhasachievedagrowingimportanceamongresearchersandterminaloperatorstocomparelayoutandsystemalternatives,totestoptimizationmethodsandtostudytheimpactofonedecisiononanother(Steenkenetal.2004).
Theobjectiveofthisresearchistostudythestrategicdecisionproblemofselectingatypeofberthforacontainerterminal.Weperformacomparativeanalysisonvarioustypesofberthconfigurationsbymeansofasimulationandstudytheimpactonthelogisticsprocessesintherestoftheterminal.Atraditionalberth,alsoreferredtoasamarginalberth,consistsofasinglequaywhereshipscanmoor.Anindentedberthhasquaysatthreesidesoftheship.Thistypeofberthenablesquaycranestounloadandloadshipsatbothsidesoftheshipandtostackcontainersaroundtheship.Asaresult,morequaycranescanworksimultaneouslyonasingleship.Ifallotherterminalprocessesaredesignedwell(i.e.,layout,amountofequipmentandcontrolpolicies)itmightbeexpectedthattheterminalproductivitywillincreasecomparedtoamarginalberth.Possibledesignsforterminalswithmarginalandindentedberthsare,respectively,depictedinFigs.2and3.WorldwideonlytheAmsterdamContainerTerminals(formerly:
CeresParagonTerminal)inAmsterdam,TheNetherlandshasanindentedberth.Therefore,weusedataobtainedfromthisterminalinourresearch.Imaietal.(2007)wereamongthefirstauthorstostudyanindentedberth.Theauthorsstudytheberthallocationprobleminindentedberths.Themodelallowsformultipleshipstomooratthistypeofberthatthesametime.Adirectconsequenceisthattheinnermostshipattheberthnevercanleaveearlierthantheoutermostships.Giventhisspecificconstraintandassumptionsondifferentspacerequirementsforeachtypeofberth,theauthorsperformasimulationstudytocomparebothtypesofberths.Itisconcludedthatthetotalservicetimeforservingmultipleshipsatthesametimeishigherwithanindentedberthduetowaitingtimes.Intheirexperiments,theauthorsassumethatalargeshipinanindentedberthactuallyoccupiescranesoperatingattwoberths.Asaresult,fewershipscanbehandledatthesametimecomparedtomarginalberths.WeextendtheresearchofImaietal.(2007)inthispaper,byperformingamoreexhaustivecomparisonwithmultiplesimulationexperiments.
Specifically,weconsidertwocompletelyidenticalterminalsexceptforspecificberthconfigurationcharacteristics,suchasthequaycraneassignment.Furthermore,giventhecurrentincreaseinshipsizesandthedesigndecisionsmadeattheAmsterdamContainerTerminals,weassumethatanefficientterminalconfigurationconsistseitherofmultiplesmallindentedberthseachallowingasingleshiptomoororacombinationofanindentedberthforasingleshipandamarginalberthtohandlemultipleshipsatthesametime.ThislatterconfigurationisimplementedatAmsterdamContainerTerminals.Here,bothshipswithasmallworkload(i.e.,numberofcontainerstobehandled)andalargeworkloadarehandledintheindentedberth.Shipsmooratthe
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- 集装箱码头 泊位 配置 外文 文献 翻译