How to Analyze Poetry英美文学Word文档格式.docx
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How to Analyze Poetry英美文学Word文档格式.docx
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∙Doesthepoemappearintheoriginallanguage?
Ifnot,readersshouldconsiderthattranslationcanalterthelanguageandmeaningofapoem.
∙Isthepoempartofaspecialcollectionorseries?
ExamplesofsuchseriesandcollectionsincludeEdnaSt.VincentMillay'
ssonnets,CarlSandburg'
sChicagoPoems,orRitaDove'
striad,"
Adolescence—I,II,andIII."
∙Doesthepoembelongtoaparticularperiodorliterarymovement?
Forexample,doesthepoemrelatetoimagism,confessionalverse,theBeatmovement,theHarlemRenaissance,theCivilRightsera,theAmericanIndianrenaissance,orfeminism?
StyleofthePoem
Intowhatcategorydoesthepoemfit—forexample,CarlSandburg'
simagismin"
Fog"
orGwendolynBrooks'
epic"
TheAnniad"
?
Readersshouldapplydefinitionsofthemanycategoriestodeterminewhichdescribesthepoem'
slengthandstyle:
∙Isitanepic,alongpoemaboutagreatpersonornationalhero?
∙Isitalyric,ashort,musicalverse?
∙Isitanarrative,apoemthattellsastory?
∙Isitahaiku(三行俳句诗),anintense,lyricalthree-lineverseofseventeensyllables?
∙Isitconfessional?
Forexample,doesitexaminepersonalmemoriesandexperiences?
TitleofthePoem
∙Isthetitle'
smeaningobvious?
Forexample,doesitmentionasinglesettingandaction,suchasW.S.Merwin'
s"
TheDrunkintheFurnace"
orJamesA.Wright'
AutumnBeginsinMartinsFerry,Ohio"
∙Doesitimplymultiplepossibilities?
Forexample,JeanToomer'
GeorgiaDusk,"
whichreferstoatimeofdayaswellastodark-skinnedpeople.
∙Doesitstrikeabalance,asinRitaDove'
BeulahandThomas"
∙Isthereanobviousantithesis,aswithRobertFrost'
FireandIce"
∙Istherehistoricalsignificancetothetitle?
Forexample,RobertLowell'
TheQuakerGraveyardinNantucket."
RepetitioninthePoem
Readersshouldreadthroughapoemseveraltimes,atleastoncealoud.Ifitisalongpoem,suchasAllenGinsberg'
sHowlorHartCrane'
sTheBridge,readersshouldconcentrateonkeypassagesandlookforrepetitionofspecificwords,phrases,orversesinthepoem.
∙WhyistherearepeatedreferencetotheseainRobinsonJeffers'
spoetry?
∙Whydoesthepronoun"
we"
recurinGwendolynBrooks'
"
WeRealCool"
∙WhydoesEdgarLeeMastersreprise重复epitaphsforSpoonRiverAnthology?
Ifreadersnoterepetitioninthepoem,theyshoulddecidewhycertaininformationseemstodeservetherepetition.
OpeningandClosingLinesofthePoem
∙Doesthepoetplacesignificantinformationoremotionintheseplaces?
Forexample,whenreadingMarianneMoore'
Poetry,"
readersmayquestionthenegativestanceintheopeninglines.
∙Doesthepoetintendtoleavealastingimpressionbyclosingwithaparticularthought?
Forexample,whydoesLangstonHughes'
Harlem"
leadtotheword"
explode"
PassageofTimeinthePoem
∙Canreaderspindownatimeframe?
Whatdetailsspecifytime?
∙Doesthepoetnameaparticularmonthorseason,aswithAmyLowell'
Patterns"
∙Isthereaclearpassageoftime,aswiththedeclineofthedeceasedwomaninDeniseLevertov'
DeathinMexico"
∙Howlongistheperiodoftime?
Aretheregaps?
SpeakerofthePoem
∙Whoisthespeaker?
Isthepersonmaleorfemale?
∙Doesthevoicespeakinfirstperson(I,me,my,mine),forexample,JohnBerryman'
HuffyHenry"
∙Doesthespeakertalkdirectlytoasecondperson,aswithAdrienneRich'
DivingintotheWreck"
∙Isthevoicemeanttobeuniversal—forexample,applicabletoeithersexatanytimeorplace?
NamesofCharacters
∙Doesthenameofacharactersuggestextrameaning,suchasEbenFlood(analcoholic)inEdwinArlingtonRobinson'
Mr.Flood'
sParty"
andT.S.Eliot'
sprissyprotagonistin"
TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock"
BasicDetailsofthePoem
∙Isthepoetdeliberatelyconcealinginformationfromthereaders,aswiththesourceofdepressioninRobertLowell'
SkunkHour"
∙Whydoesthepoetleaveout(省略)significantfacts?
Arereaderssupposedtofillintheblanks,forexample,therelationshipbetweenmotheranddaughterinCathySong'
TheWhitePorch"
ortheperplexityofamoderntouristinAllenTate'
OdetotheUnionDead"
Culture
∙Doesthepoemstressculturaldetails,suchasthebehavior,dress,orspeechhabitsofaparticulargrouporahistoricalperiodorevent—forinstance,thedeathofanairlinestewardessinJamesDickey'
Falling"
∙Areanysectionswrittenindialect,slang,orforeignwords,aswiththeDeepSouthpatoisofSterlingBrown'
MaRainey"
FantasyversusReality
∙Isthepoemanobviousfantasy,asisthecasewiththeintenseconfrontationinSylviaPlath'
Daddy"
andthesettingofRitaDove'
Geometry"
MoodandToneofthePoem
∙Whatisthemoodofthepoem?
Isitcheerfulorjollylikelimericks(五行打油诗)?
Isitmysterious,provocative,zany(滑稽的,荒唐的),ominous,festive,fearful,orbrooding(沉思的),aswithRandallJarrell'
SadHeartattheSupermarket"
Doesthemoodchangewithinthebodyofthework,aswithJoyHarjo'
TheWomanHangingfromtheThirteenthFloorWindow"
Whydoesthemoodshift?
Wheredoestheshiftbegin?
∙Whatisthepoet'
stone?
Isitsatiric,serious,mockserious,playful,somber,brash(粗鲁而自信的,自以为是的),orteasinglyhumorous,aswithRobertFrost'
Departmental:
TheEndofMyAntJerry"
Doesthepoetadmire,agreewith,ridicule,orcondemnthespeaker,asinthetouchofmockheroicinRichardWilbur'
TheDeathofaToad(蟾蜍)"
Isthereanobviousreasonforthepoet'
sattitude,assuggestedbythesufferinginJamesDickey'
Angina"
Doesthepoetwithholdjudgment,asisthecasewiththeepitaphsofEdgarLeeMasters'
SpoonRiverAnthology?
ThemesofthePoem
Locatingandidentifyingthemeiscrucialtounderstandingdominantideas;
themeisthepoem'
sessence.
∙Isthesubjectyouth,loss,renewal,patriotism,nature,love?
Arethereseveralthemes?
Howdothesethemesrelatetoeachother?
∙Isthepoetmerelyteasingorentertainingortryingtoteachalesson,asdoRobinsonJeffers'
HurtHawks"
andMarianneMoore'
TheMindIsanEnchantedThing"
∙Doesthepoetemphasizethethemebymeansofonomatopoeia,personification,orcontrollingimages?
RhythmofthePoem
∙Isthereadominantrhythm?
Doesitdance,frolic(嬉戏),meander(缓慢而弯曲地流动),slither(蜿蜒滑行),ormarch?
Isitconversational,likeascenefromadrama?
Isitadroning(声音低沉单调的)monologue,asfoundinajournal,diary,orconfessional?
∙Doestherhythmrelatetotheprevalentthemeofthepoem?
Ordoesitseematoddswith(不一致)thetheme?
∙Doestherhythmincreaseordecreaseinspeed,asdoesEzraPound'
sHughSelwynMauberley:
LifeandContacts?
Why?
UseoftheSensesinthePoem
∙Doesthepoemstresssenseimpressions—forexample,taste,touch,smell,sound,orsight?
Aretheseimpressionspleasant,unpleasant,orneutral?
∙Doesthepoetconcentrateonasinglesenseoraburstofsensation,asinWallaceStevens'
PeterQuinceattheClavier"
orElizabethBishop'
TheFish"
ImageryinthePoem
∙Arethereconcreteimagesorpicturesthatthepoetwantsreaderstosee?
∙Arethepicturescreatedbymeansofcomparisons—forinstance,metaphororsimile?
Doinanimateobjectstakeonhumantraits(personification)?
Doesthespeakertalktoinanimateobjectsortosuchabstractideasasfreedom?
LanguageofthePoem
∙Doesthepoetstresscertainsounds,suchaspleasantsounds(euphony谐音)orharshlettercombinations(cacophony刺耳的声音),asdemonstratedbyWendyRose'
stitle"
AcademicSquaw"
∙Arecertainsoundsrepeated(alliteration,sibilance齿擦音性),asintheinsistentasoundsinAmiriBaraka'
APoemforWillieBest"
∙Arewordslinkedbyapproximaterhyme,like"
seem/freeze,"
orbyrealrhyme,suchas"
least/feast"
Istherearhymeschemeorsoundpatternattheendsoflines,aswiththeinterlockingrhymesofRobertFrost'
StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening"
Doesrhymingoccurwithinaline(internalrhyme),asin"
blackflak"
inRandallJarrell'
TheDeathoftheBallTurretGunner"
Isthereonomatopoeia,orwordsthatmakeasoundthatimitatestheirmeaning,suchasswoosh(嗖),pingpong,ricochet(弹飞,跳射),clangor(叮当声、铿锵),plash(泼溅),wheeze(喘息,呼哧呼哧地响),clack(发出咔嗒声),boom(隆隆声),tingle(刺痛),slip,fumble(摸索;
支吾,笨拙地处理),orclip-clop(马蹄声),aswiththeverb"
soar"
(.翱翔,高飞,猛增,高涨,高耸)inEdnaSt.VincentMillay'
OnThoughtinHarness"
SupplementalMaterials
∙Hastheeditorincludedanypreface,explanatorynotes,orconcludingcommentsandquestions;
forexample,T.S.
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