考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题Word格式文档下载.docx
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考博英语阅读理解若干篇篇章与问题Word格式文档下载.docx
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A)Grainelevator.B)Cold-storagewarehouse.
C)Privatewarehouse.D)Bondedwarehouse.
5.WhatisNOTtrueofadistributioncenter?
A)Itisarelativelynewtypeofwarehouse.
B)Productisreplacedmorequicklyandcostsaredown.
C)Somedistributioncentersarenotbuiltinthesanecountryasthefactory
D)Itbuildsupextensiveinventoriestominimizestorage.
Passage2
Howmuchpaindoanimalsfeel?
Thisisaquestionwhichhascausedendlesscontroversy.Opponentsofbiggameshooting,forexample,arouseourpitybydescribingtileagoniesofabadly-woundedbeastthathascrawledintoacomertodie.Incountrieswherethefox,thehareandthedeerarehunted,animal-loverspaintharrowingpicturesofthepursuedanimalsufferingnotonlythephysicaldistressofthechasebutthementalanguishofanticipateddeath.
Theusualanswertothesecriticismsisthatanimalsdonotsufferinthesameway,ortothesameextent,aswede.Manwascreatedwithadelicatenervoussystemandhasneverlosthisacutesensitivenesstopain;
animals,ontheotherhand,hadlesssensitivesystemstobeginwithandinthecourseofmillionsofyears,havedevelopedacapacityofignoringinjuriesanddisorderswhichhumanbeingswouldfindintolerable.Forexample,adogwillcontinuetoplaywithaballevenafteraseriousinjurytohisfoot;
hemaybeunabletorunwithoutlimping,buthewillgoontryinglongafterahumanchildwouldhavehadtostopbecauseofthepain.Wearetold,moreover,thatevenwhenanimalsappeartoustobesufferingacutely,thisisnotso;
whatseemstoustobeagonizedcontortionscausedbypainareinfactnomorethanmuscularcontractionsoverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.
Theseargumentsareunsatisfactorybecausesomethingaboutwhichweknowagreatdealisbeingcomparedwithsomethingwecanonlyconjecture.Weknowwhatwefeel;
wehavenomeansofknowingwhatanimalsfeet.Somecreatureswithalessdelicatenervoussystemthanoursmaybeincapableoffeelingpaintothesameextentaswedo:
thatasfarasweareentitledtodo,themosthumaneattitude,surely,istoassumethatnoanimalsareentirelyexemptfromphysicalpainandthatweought,therefore,whereverpossible,toavoidcausingsufferingeventotheleastofthem.
6.Animal-loversassumethatanimals,beinghunted,wouldsufferfrom____.
A)agreatdealofagonybothinbodyandinspirit
B)mentaldistressoncetheyarewounded
C)onlybodypainswithoutfeelingsad
D)crawlingintothecomertodie
7.Supportersofgameshootingmayarguethatanimals______.
A)cannotcontroltheirmuscularcontractions
B)havedevelopedacapacityoffeelingnopain
C)arenotasacutelysensitiveashumanbeingstoinjuries
D)canendureallkindsofdisorders
8.Theauthorfeelssurethat_____.
A)animalsdon’tshowsufferingtous
B)dogsaremoreendurablethanhumanchildren
C)wecannotknowwhatanimalsfeel
D)comparinganimalswithhumanbeingsisnotappropriate
9.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutanimalhunting?
A)Weshouldfeelthesameasthehuntedanimalsdo.
B)Weshouldprotectandsavealltheanimals.
C)Weshouldn’tcausesufferingtothem.
D)Weshouldtakecareofthemifwecan.
10.Thispassageseemsto____.
A)argueforsomething
B)explainsomething
C)tellastory
D)describeanobject
Passage3
Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Athe-oryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.
Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperi-meritstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists’predictions,thetheoryissup-ported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.
Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid:
"
Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse."
Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemare
formulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.
Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist’sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesob-servationstotesthypotheses.Forwithouthypotheses,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.
11.Theword"
this"
inthe3rdsentenceinparagraph1refersto______.
A)agoodexampleB)animaginarymodel
C)thekineticmoleculartheoryD)anobservedevent
12.Bricksarementionedinthe3rdparagraphtoindicatehow____.
A)mathematiciansapproachscience
B)buildingahouseislikeperformingexperiments
C)scienceismorethanacollectionoffacts
D)scientificexperimentshaveledtoimprovedtechnology
13.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorreferstoahypothesisas"
aleapintotheunknown"
inor-dertoshowthathypotheses______.
A)aresometimesill-conceivedB)canleadtodangerousresults
C)gobeyondavailablefactsD)requireefforttoformulate
14.Whatisamajorfunctionofhypothesesasimpliedinthelastparagraph7
A)Siftingthroughknownfacts.
B)Communicatingascientist’sthoughtstoothers.
C)Providingdirectionforscientificresearch.
D)Linkingtogetherdifferenttheories.
15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?
A)Theoriesaresimplyimaginarymodelsofpastevents.
B)Itisbettertoreviseahypothesisthantorejectit.
C)Ascientist’smostdifficulttaskistestinghypotheses.
D)Agoodscientistneedstobecreative.
B)Educationsystemsneedtoberadicallyreformed.
C)Goingtoschoolisonlypartofhowpeoplebecomeeducated.
D)Educationinvolvesmanyyearsofprofessionaltraining.
20.Thepassageisorganizedby___
A)listinganddiscussingseveraleducationalproblems
B)contrastingthemeaningsoftworelatedconcepts
C)narratingastoryaboutexcellentteachers
D)givingexamplesofdifferentkindsofschools
Passage5
Thephrase"
civildisobedience"
isusuallyattributedtothenineteenth-centuryAmericanphilosopherHenryDavidThoreau.Althoughtheconceptisunquestionablymucholder(itsroots
lieinancientGreekphilosophy),thedesignationisnonethelesstelling:
peopletendtocreditThoreau,anAmerican,withtheideabecausecivildisobedience,isahallmarkofAmericaneth-icsandpolitics.Theclashbetweenthedictatesofindividualconscienceononehand,andtheimperativesofcivillawontheother,formsmuchofthiscountry’shistory.ExamplesrangefromtheincidentsleadinguptotheRevolutionthroughthemanysocialprotestsofthe1960’S.
Whatconstitutesanactofcivildisobedience?
First,anactofcivildisobediencerequiresaformallegalstructurethatisenforcedbythegovernment.Second,itrequiresasitstargetaspecificlaworpolicy,ratherthantheentirelegalsystem.Thisistrueeveniftheprotester’sul-timategoalistoalterradicallythelegalsystem;
anactofcivildisobediencemustbedirectedagainstoneconcreteexampleofthatsystem’sinequities.TheAmericancivilrightsmovement,forexample,firsttargeteddiscriminationonpublictransportation,thenuseditsvictoriesasaspringboardtoaddressotherinjustices.Third,theactmustbedonepublicly,becausetheef-fectivenessofsuchaprotestdependsonitsabilitytomobilizepublicsentimentagainsttheprotest’starget.Finally,thoseprotestingmustunderstandthepenaltiestheiractsentail--us-uallyjailing--andbewillingtoacceptthosepenalties.Thislastrequirementstrengthenstheact’seffectonpublicopinion,sinceitservestounderscoretheinjusticeoftheprotest’starget.
21.Theword"
telling"
inthe2ndsentenceinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_____.
A)inappropriateB)revealingC)insignificantD)challenging
22.Inthepassage,theauthormentionsthatthecivilrightsmovement_______.
A)focuseditsearlyeffortsonpublictransportation
B)didnotalwayspracticecivildisobedience
C)startedinnineteenthcentury
D)usedtheRevolutionof1776asitsmodel
23.Accordingtothepassage,forwhichofthefollowingreasonsshouldcivilprotestsbedone
publicly?
A)Toalterthelegalsysteminradicalway.
B)Toupholdtheimperativesofcivillaw.
C)
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