高考英语二轮 阅读理解 专项培优 易错 难题及详细答案Word格式.docx
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高考英语二轮 阅读理解 专项培优 易错 难题及详细答案Word格式.docx
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simportanttome"
)toanexternalfactor(e.g."
IvolunteerbecauseI'
mrequiredtodoso"
).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.
Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?
Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"
trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience"
.
Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"
volunteer"
asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"
VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."
Consistentwiththeresearchers'
expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:
"
Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity"
(1)Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.
A.
academicrequirements
B.
socialexpectations
C.
financialrewards
D.
internalneeds
(2)WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?
A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.
B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.
C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.
D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.
(3)Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?
A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.
B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.
C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.
D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer
B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors
C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'
Interest
D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“…peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.”可知,人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience.'
”可知,这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备,要给他们提供应对问题的策略,即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.”可知,激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'
sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.”可知,文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见,并从两个方面展开,说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机,还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。
由此可知,本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息。
同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Antarcticahasbecomeoneoftheworld'
smostpopulartouristdestinations.Since1969,theaveragenumberofvisitorstothecontinenthasincreasedfromseveralhundredtoover34,000today.AllactivitiesinAntarcticaareheavilysupervisedbytheAntarctictreatyforenvironmentalprotectionpurposesandtheindustryislargelymanagedbytheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticaTourOperators(IAATO).
Thefirstexpedition(探险)toAntarcticawithtravelerswasin1966,ledbySwedishexplorerLarsEricLindblad.Hewantedtogivetouristsfirst-handexperienceoftheecologicalsensitivityoftheAntarcticenvironment,inordertoeducatethemandpromoteagreaterunderstandingofthecontinent'
sroleintheworld.In1969,Lindbladbuilttheworld'
sfirstexpeditionship,theMSLindbladExplorer,whichwasspecificallydesignedtotransporttouriststoAntarctica.
In1977,bothAustraliaandNewZealandstartedtoofferscenicflightstoAntarcticathroughQantasandAirNewZealand.Theflightsoftenflewtothecontinentwithoutlandingandreturnedtothedepartureairport.Theexperiencewasanaverage12to14hourswithupto4hoursofflyingdirectlyoverthecontinent.TheflightsfromAustraliaandNewZealandstoppedin1980.ItwaslargelyduetotheAirNewZealandFlight901accidentonNovember28,1979.In1994,flightstoAntarcticacontinuedagain.
Despitethepotentialdangersandrisks,tripstoAntarcticacontinuedtogrow.AccordingtoIAATO,34,354travelersvisitedthecontinentbetween2012and2013.Americanscontributedtothelargestsharewith10,677visitors,or31.1%,followedbyGermans11.1%,Australians10.7%,andtheBritish10.2%.TherestofthevisitorswerefromChina,Canada,Switzerland,Franceandelsewhere.
ThecostofatriptoAntarcticacanrangefromaslittleas$3,000-$4,000toover$40,000,dependingonthescopeoftransportation,housing,andactivityneeds.Thehigherendpackagestypicallyinvolveairtransport,on-sitecamping,andavisittotheSouthPole.
(1)Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"
supervised"
inParagraph1?
Protected.
Monitored.
Supported.
Forbidden.
(2)What'
sLarsEricLindblad'
soriginalpurposeingettingtoAntarctica?
TomakehimselfthefirstexplorertogotoAntarctica.
TotransportmoreandmoretouriststoAntarctica.
Togetfirst-handexperienceofpreciousresources.
Toletpeopleknowthesignificanceofthecontinent.
(3)WhatdoweknowabouttheflightstoAntarctica?
Theywereoncecancelledformorethantenyearsduetodangers.
NaturalconditionsofAntarcticaareunabletosupporttheirlanding.
Ittakes14hourstoflyfromNewZealandtoAntarcticadirectly.
AirNewZealandhasmuchsuccessindevelopingAntarctictourism.
(4)Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
ItisveryconvenientforAmericanstotraveltoAntarctica.
Thetravelersusuallyhave4hours'
sightseeingonthecontinent.
ThenumberofpeopletravellingtoAntarcticaisincreasing.
NewZealandisthefirstcountrytoofferscenicflightstoAntarctica.
(5)What'
sthebesttitleforthetext?
ThedevelopmentofAntarctica
Antarctica,adreamtouristattraction
ThehistoryoftourisminAntarctica
IAATO,agreatorganization
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
(5)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史,尽管存在潜在的危险和风险,前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加,以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的”bytheAntarctictreatyforenvironmentalprotectionpurposesandtheindustryislargelymanagedbytheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticaTourOperators(IAATO).“可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多,为了保护环境,在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督,旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。
故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Hewantedtogivetouristsfirst-handexperienceoftheecologicalsensitivityoftheAntarcticenvironment,inordertoeducatethemandpromoteagreaterunderstandingofthecontinent'
sroleintheworld.“他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性,以便教育他们,并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。
可知LarsEricLindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲大陆的重要性。
根据第三段中的”TheflightsfromAustraliaandNewZealandstoppedin1980.ItwaslargelyduetotheAirNewZealandFlight901accidentonNovember28,1979.In1994,flightstoAntarcticacontinuedagain.“来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。
这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。
1994年,前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。
可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Since1969,theaveragenumberofvisitorstothecontinenthasincreasedfromseveralhundredtoover34,000today.“自1969年以来,到南极洲大陆的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人;
以及倒数第二段中的”Despitethepotentialdangersandrisks,tripstoAntarcticacontinuedto
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