英语大纲 常用前后缀Word文件下载.docx
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英语大纲 常用前后缀Word文件下载.docx
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col-:
(usedbeforel)共同together,with
location—collocation
com-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)
together,with
passion—compassion
con-:
共同together,with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
cor-:
(usedbeforer)共同togetherwith
relate—correlate
respond—correspond
contra-:
相反opposite
diction—contradiction
natural—contranatural
counter-:
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-:
穿过across;
goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
de-:
相反;
离开;
减少showinganopposite;
toremove;
todeduce
code—decode
value—devalue
dis-:
否定;
相反not;
theoppositeof
advantage—disadvantage
agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-:
动词前缀(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body—embody
power—empower
en-:
动词前缀tocausetobecome;
tomake
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
ex-:
之前的former(andstillliving)
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
extra-:
外面;
超出outside;
beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
fore-:
提前;
在前面inadvance,before;
inoratthefront
arm—forearm
warn—forewarn
il-:
否定前缀(usedbeforel)not
legal—illegal
literate—illiterate
im-:
否定前缀(usedbeforeb,m,p)not
moral—immoral
possible—impossible
in-:
否定前缀not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
ir-:
否定前缀(usedbeforer)not
regular—irregular
responsible—irresponsible
infra-:
在下面;
超出belowinarange;
red—infrared
structure—infrastructure
inter-:
在---中间between;
among
change—interchange
national—international
intra-:
在里面inside,within;
into
city—intracity
department-intradepartment
kilo-:
千thousand
gram—kilogram
meter—kilometer
macro-:
大large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsof
economics-macroeconomics
structure—macrostructure
micro-:
小extremelysmall
computer-microcomputer
electronics-microelectronics
mal-:
坏badorbadly
function—malfunction
treat—maltreat
mid-:
中间middle
day—midday
night—midnight
mini-:
小small;
short
bus—minibus
skirt—miniskirt
mis-:
坏;
错badorbadly;
wrongorwrongly
fortune—misfortune
understand-misunderstand
mono-:
一个one;
single
plane—monoplane
tone—monotone
multi-:
多morethanone;
many
purpose—multipurpose
national—multinational
non-:
否定前缀not
resident—non(-)resident
sense—nonsense
out-:
出去;
live—outlive
door—outdoor
over-:
太多;
上面;
加toomuch;
above;
additional
head—overhead
time—overtime
poly-:
多many
centric—polycentric
syllabic—polysyllabic
post-:
之后的laterthan;
after
graduate—postgraduate
war—postwar
pre-:
之前;
提前before;
inadvance
pay—prepay
war—prewar
pro-:
喜欢;
支持infavorof,supporting
America—pro-America
abortion—pro-abortion
pseudo-:
假的notreal;
false
name—pseudoname
science—pseudoscience
re-:
重复;
回到之前状态again;
backtotheformerstate
unite—reunite
use—reuse
self-:
自己bymeansofoneselforitself;
of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitself
employed—self-employed
taught—self-taught
semi-:
一半;
一部分half;
partly
circle—semicircle
final—semifinal
step-:
后notbybirthbut
throughaparentwhohasremarried
mother—stepmother
children—stepchildren
sub-:
在下面;
次重要;
一部分under,below;
lessimportant;
partofthestatedbiggerwhole
divide—subdivide
section—subsection
super-:
更多;
更大;
超级more,larger,greaterthanusual
market—supermarket
natural—supernatural
under-:
很小;
在下面toolittle;
below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
tele-:
远程的;
跟电视有关系的atoroveralongdistance;
byorfortelevision
communication-telecommunication
screen—telescreen
therm(o)-:
跟热相关的前缀concerningheat
chemistry-thermochemistry
meter—thermometer
trans-:
穿过;
两者之间;
在另一边across,onortotheothersideof;
between
Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
tri-:
三;
三倍的three;
threetimes
angular—triangular
cycle—tricycle
ultra-:
超出;
非常;
及其beyond;
very,extremely
modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
un-:
certain—uncertain
fortunate—unfortunate
-ful
hand—handful
spoon—spoonful
uni-:
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
vice-:
副的;
在下面nextintherank;
chairman—vice-chairman
president—vice-president
2、常用后缀
(1)名词后缀
-ability,-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library—librarian
music—musician
-ancy,-ency
emerge—emergency
expect—expectancy
-ant,-ent
apply—applicant
correspond-correspondent
-cy
accurate—accuracy
private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom
free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee
interview—interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint—painter
beg—begger
act—actor
-ery
brave—bravery
slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinese
Japan—Japanese
-ress
act—actress
wait—waitress
-hood
child—childhood
man—manhood
-ics
electron—electronics
linguist—linguistics
-ion,-ition,-ation
collect—collection
observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism
socialist—socialism
-ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist
violin—violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel—cruelty
pure—purity
-ment
move—movement
retire—retirement
-ness
dark—darkness
happy—happiness
-ology
climate—climatology
future—futurology
-ship
friend—friendship
scholar—scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide—decision
expand—expansion
-th
grow—growth
wide—width
-ure
close—closure
expose—exposure
(2)动词后缀
-en
deep—deepen
fast—fasten
-ify
class—classify
simple—simplify
-ize,-ise
modern—modernize
—modernise
popular—popularize
—popularize
(3)形容词后缀
-able,-ible
suit—suitable
question—questionable
nature—natural
structure—structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb—suburban
Canada—Canadian
differ—different
please—pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise—advisory
custom—customary
-ate
consider—considerate
fortune—fortunate
gold—golden
wood—wooden
-free
care—carefree
duty—duty-free
care—careful
pain—painful
-ic,-ical
atom—atomic
psychology-psychological
-ish
girl—girlish
child—childish
-ive
create—creative
support—supportive
-less
hope—hopeless
pain—painless
-like
child—childlike
lady—ladylike
-ly
man—manly
month—monthly
-ous,-ious
danger—dangerous
poison—poisonous
-some
tire—tiresome
trouble—troublesome
-ward
down—downward
up—upward
-y
guilt—guilty
noise—noisy
(4)副词后缀
easy—easily
heavy—heavily
-ward,-wards
east—eastward(s)
north—northward(s)
-wise
clock—clockwise
other—otherwise
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