smokingWord文件下载.docx
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smokingWord文件下载.docx
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InCanadatherearegraphicimages,oncigarettepackets,thatshowthedamagetotheinternalorgansonaccountofsmoking.Theseimageswarnsmokersabouttheilleffectsofsmoking.InIreland,strictanti-smokinglegislationhasbeenintroduced,todiscouragesmoking.Differentcountrieshaveuseddifferentmethodstobansmokinginpublicplaces.Itisnecessarythatcountriespassantismokinglegislationandpassstrictrulesandregulationstocurbsmoking.Thereareanumberofadvantagesgainedbybanningsmokinginpublicplaces.Thiswillhelpgovernmentalagenciestodealeffectivelywithairpollutionandhealth.Itwillalsohelpcountriestoearnmoneyfromthefinesleviedonpeoplewhosmoke.Theprocesswillhelptoreducesmokingrelateddiseasesanddeathswhichareathreattothosewhosmoke.Itwillalsopromotecleanairandgoodhealthamongpeople.
InIreland,regionalhealthboardsaretryingtoenforcepublicbans,buttheyarefacinganuphilltask.Banningcigarettesmokingisnoteasy.Forthisgovernmentmustbepreparedtotakeextrememeasures.Thebanmustbeimplementedinaveryorganizedmanner.Ifdonesopubscanbemade80%smoke-free.
Businesshousescanalsoplayanimportantroleinbanningsmoking.PrintandTVcanalsobeusedeffectivelytopromoteadvertisingofhealtheffectscausedduetosmoking.Abanonsmokinginpublicplaceswillcreateawarenessaboutrightsandtheproperuseoftheirfreedom.Itwillalsohelpthecitizenstoknowabouttheserioushealthhazardssmokingcancause.
2ScienceDaily(Sep.22,2009)—Publicsmokingbansappeartosignificantlyreducetheriskofheartattacks,particularlyamongyoungerindividualsandnonsmokers,accordingtoanewstudypublishedintheSeptember29,2009,issueoftheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Researchersfindthatsmokingbanscanreducethenumberofheartattacksbyasmuchas26percentperyear.
"
Evenbreathinginlowdosesofcigarettesmokecanincreaseone'
sriskofheartattack,"
saidDavidMeyers,M.D.,M.P.H.,professorofCardiologyandPreventiveMedicine,UniversityofKansasSchoolofMedicineandleadinvestigatorofthestudy,whichisthemostcomprehensiveanalysisofrelatedstudiestodate."
Publicsmokingbansseemtobetremendouslyeffectiveinreducingheartattackand,theoretically,mightalsohelptopreventlungcancerandemphysema,diseasesthatdevelopmuchmoreslowlythanheartattacks.Thecardiacbenefitsincreasedwithlongerbanduration."
Accordingtoprojectionsbytheauthors,anationwidebanonpublicsmokingcouldpreventasmanyas154,000heartattackseachyear.Thesefindingsareparticularlyimportantinlightofmountingevidencethatsecond-handsmokeexposureisnearlyasharmfultotheheartaschronicactivesmoking.Directsmokingdoublestheriskofheartattack.Secondhandsmokeincreasestheriskby30percent.
Interestingly,publicsmokingbanshadastrongereffectinreducingheartattacksamongwomenandyoungerindividuals,whichmaybeexplained,inpart,becauseyoungerpeopletendtofrequentclubs,restaurantsandbarswheresmokingisalikelypartofthesocialscene,"
saidDr.Meyers."
Heavilyexposedpeoplelikethoseworkingintheentertainmentorhospitalityindustriesarelikelytoaccruethegreatestbenefitfromsmokingbans."
Dr.Meyersaddsthatsmokingremainstheleadingpreventableriskfactorforheartattack.Secondhandsmokeisthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodofaheartattackbymakingtheblood"
sticky"
andmorepronetoclotting,reducingtheamountof"
good"
(HDL)cholesterolinthebody,andputtingindividualsatgreaterriskfordangerousheartrhythms,amongotherfactors.
Thegoodnewsisthatthebeneficialeffectsofsmokingbansappeartobefairlyimmediate,withdeclinesinreportedheartattackcaseswithin3months.Theimpactofbanswasstrengthenedifcompliancewasgood,ifbaselinesmokingprevalencewaslowandifairqualitywasgood.
Severalyearsago,theideathatsecondhandsmokewasharmfultotheheartwasatheoryandonewithsomecontroversyattached,butthisarticlemovesusfromthetheoreticaltofactandtopractice.Thereductioninheartattacksassociatedwithpublicsmokingbansisabigdeal,"
saidStevenSchroeder,M.D.,director,SmokingCessationLeadershipCenterUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco."
Whilecardiologistsroutinelyscreenforlipiddisordersandhighbloodpressure,theyalsoneedtobecomevigilantaboutaskingpatientsabouttobaccouseandsecondhandsmokeexposureandprovidecounselingasneeded."
Drs.MeyersandSchroederencourageclinicianstosupportcommunitysmokingbansandothertobaccocontrolmeasuresincludingtaxincreasesoncigarettes,expandedcessationservicesincludingtelephonequitlinesandeducationalcampaigns.Sofar,bansonsmokinginpublicplacesandworkplaceshavebeeninstitutedin32statesandmanycitiesacrossthecountry.AstheUnitedStatesincreasinglyinstitutespoliciestoprotectnonsmokersfromsecondhandsmoke,authorssaytheseeffortswillyieldgreatpublichealthbenefitsintheformofreduceddisease,disabilityanddeaths.
Theresearchersperformedasystematicreviewandmeta-analysisof10reportsfrom11geographiclocationsintheUnitedStates(MT,CO,NY,IN,OH),CanadaandEuropetocomparetheratesofheartattacksbeforeandafterpublicsmokingbanswereinstituted.Collectively,thestudiesinvolved24millionpeopleandobservationsoftheeffectofthebansrangedfromtwomonthstothreeyears.
3Asmoker'
s(poor)choiceshouldnotaffectthehealthofothers.
Secondhandsmokecontainshundredsoftoxicchemicalsincludingarsenicammonia,hydrogencyanide,formaldehyde,benzene,andvinylchloride.Itisknowntocausecancer,coronaryheartdisease,andrespiratoryproblems.Thereisnorisk-freelevelofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.
Nonsmokersshouldnotbesubjectedtothisdisgustinghabit.
Wantingtobansmokinginpublicplacesisn'
tabouttakingawayasmoker'
srights.Youwillstillhavetherighttosmokeinyourownspace.Therighttoslowlyanddeliberatelyharmotherswasneveryourstobeginwith.
Mycousindiedthreeyearsagofromsecondhandsmoking.Herfault?
Workinginanofficefullofsmokers.Thesmokersarestillaround,sheisdeadafterbeingbedriddenwithapitiful,metastasizinganddeadlylungcancer.
Myanswertothedebateifsmokinginpublicplacesshouldbeallowedcomesloudandclear.Smokingshouldnotonlybeprohibitedbutratherstrictlyprohibitedfromanypublicplace.
Weliveinacivilizedworldwhereanyharmdonetoanotherpersonwillresultwithapenalty.Letslookatitthisway,amanisdrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol/drugs.Everybodyknowsthathisdrivingispotentiallygoingtoinjureorkillaninnocentonthestreet.Sowhathappens?
Duetothedangerinvolved,drivingundertheinfluenceisprohibitedandstiffpenaltiesasaconsequencewillarise.
Iknowthatsmokinginpublicanddrivingundertheinfluencearetwodifferentscenarios,butafterallwhatarethedifferences?
Thedrunkdrivermaycauseacrashandinjureorkillimmediately,thesecondhandsmokermaycausecancerandinjureorkill,butonlyyearslater.Timingistheonlydifference,astheyarebothiffycircumstances,thedrivermaycauseacrash,thesmokermaycausecancer.Thereisirresponsibilityanddisregardforothersinbothinstances.
Nowthinkingofit,Iamprettysuremycousinwouldhaveratherdiedswiftlyinacaraccidentratherthanseeingherbodydeterioratebeforehereyes.
Afterall,ifwethinkofit,whoallowssmokinginpublicplaces?
Justahandfulofgreedyemployers-(maybesmokersthemselves)-andbusinessownersthatonlycareaboutmakingmoneyandcarelessaboutotherpeople'
swellbeing.
3OntarioandQuebecgovernmentshaverecentlysetupalawagainstsmokinginpublicplaces,includingrestaurants,pubs,orclubs.Agreeordisagreewiththislaw.Explainyouranswers.
Doyouliketosmellthestrongcigarettesmokeatrestaurants?
Doyouliketositnearbyasmoker?
Ifyouanswer"
no"
(should"
n"
becapitalized?
)tothesequestions,youwillbegladtoseethatalaw,whichbanssmokinginallpublicplaces,hasbeensetupinQuebecandOntario,andItotallyagreetothislaw.Itisbecausethislawisbeneficialtonon-smokers,smokers,andbusinessownersthatIagreetoit.
Ontheonehand,prohibitingsmokinginpublicplacesprovidesahealthyenvironmentfornon-smokersandchildren.Manypeople,includingme,arenotcigarettesmokers.Mostofushatetoinhalesecond-handsmokeemittedbysmokers,soweoftenhavetoholdourbreathwhilepassingthroughcloudsofnoxiousfumes.Afterthislawisestablished,wedonotneedtoworryaboutbeingpoisonedbysecond-handsmokeanymore.
Ontheotherhand,inconsequenceofrestrictingcigaretteaddicts'
smokingplace,smokersmaysmokelessfrequentlythantheyusedto.Asaresult,theirhealthcan(be?
)improvedgradually.Infact,ACanadianHealthMagazinehasshownifsmokershavestoppedsmokingfortwenty-fourhours,theirbloodpressurewillre
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