语法Word文档格式.docx
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语法Word文档格式.docx
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a/an的使用。
Lesson7-8
如何自我介绍和相互认识。
主语为第二人称的主系表结构。
AreyouFrench?
Whatnationalityareyou?
What’syourjob?
特殊疑问句
Lesson9-10
朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。
Howareyou?
主系表结构形容词做表语。
介词短语表示位置nearthewindow
ontheteleviononthewall
L29-30
语言点:
如何发号命令
语法点:
祈使句(肯定)
动词与宾语的固定搭配.
L37-38
如何表达将要做的事情.
现在进行时态begoingtodo结构表达将要发生的事情
Therebe句型的一般疑问句形式.
L41-42
如何表示不可数名词的量.
L63-64
建议忠告
don’tdo….
Youmustn’tdo…
L65-66
具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟)
反身代词
具体日期表达方式
L73-74
问路
不规则动词的过去式.
形容词转变成副词.
L77-78
看病
综合时间表达方式
L105-106
办公室用语
wantsbtodo…./tellsbtodo…以及其否定形式.
L103-104
考试
宾语从句.(从句部分为非现在时态)
程度副词tooveryenough
L125-126
havetodo…/don’tneedtodo…
L127-128
娱乐界
must/can’t对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测.
L129-130
交通状况.
must/can’thavebeen….对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测.
L131-132
度假.
may对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测.
以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨:
直接引语变成间接引语—99-102
形容词的比较级和最高级—107-112
neither,so的用法—113-114
不定代词的用法—115-116
过去进行和过去完成时---117-120
定语从句-----121-124
情态动词的综合用法—125-132
直接引语变间接引语—133-136着重讲时态的倒推
if的用法---137-140
被动语态---141-144
|更多
一、时态:
一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时
1.一般现在时
表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
1含有be动词的句子
Heisateacher.
Thegirlisverybeautiful.
TimandJackarestudents.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Isheateacher?
Isthegirlverybeautiful?
AreTimandJackstudents?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Heisnotateacher.
Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.
TimandJackarenotstudents.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
★不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子
第三人称单数及单数名词
Helikesbooks.
Shelikeshim.
Thedoglikesbones.
★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型
Doeshelikebooks?
Doesshelikehim?
Doesthedoglikebones?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t,动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。
Hedoesn’tlikebooks.
Shedoesn’tlikehim.
Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.
Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.
注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
其他人称及复数名词
Iwanttohaveabath.
Wehavesomemeat.
Thestudentslikesmartteachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do
Doyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.
Youdon’twanttohaveabath.
Wedon’thaveanymeat.
Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.
Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.
Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t
Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.
2.现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成:
主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)
Wearehavinglunch.
Heisreadingabook.
Thedogisrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Wearenothavinglunch.
Heisnotreadingabook.
Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.
★特殊疑问句:
what,which,how,where,who,etc.
疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1.表示感觉,感官的词
see,hear,like,love,want,
2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
3.一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,
含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were
Iwasatthebutcher’s.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher’s?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
Iwasnotatthebutcher’s.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.
★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型
Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot
Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.
Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
5.一般将来时
表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示将来的词联用
结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形
IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning
Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.
Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.
Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.
Whatwillyoudo?
6.过去完成时:
用法:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
had+过去分词
Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.
TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.
ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。
5变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Hadshefinishedherhomework?
6变否定句在助动词后面加not
Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.
7肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.
8特殊疑问句:
Whathadshedone?
8过去将来时
woulddo
Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
两个特殊句型:
therebe句型,begoingto结构
1)Begoingto结构
表示打算,准备,计划做某事
★结构:
主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
★特殊疑问句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
2)Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★变否定句在动词后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
9问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句
1)一般疑问句:
助动词/be动词+主语
Areyouateacher?
Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?
2)特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whatisyourname?
3)选择疑问句:
or
Doyouwantbeeforlamb?
4)反意疑问句:
肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分
Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?
5)否定疑问句:
一般疑问句+否定词
Aren’tyoulucky?
Don’tyouwanthavearest?
限定词:
some,any,many,much
·
some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.
Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.
12副词:
用法及形容词变副词的变化
副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。
如:
Thebookisverygood.
Herunsfast.
Shecameherequiteearly.
CertainlyIwillgowithyou.
副词变化形式:
直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully,slow-slowly,
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,加-ly,
happy-happily,lucky-luckily
有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化
fast,hard,late
有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately
13情态动词的使用:
can,must,may,might,need,
1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)
主语+can/must/may+动词原型
Hecanmakethetea.
Sallycanairtheroom.
WecanspeakEnglish.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
Canhemakethetea?
CanSallyairtheroom?
CanwespeakEnglish?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
Hecannotmakethetea.
Sallycannotairtheroom.
WecannotspeakEnglish.
Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.
Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.
Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.
Whatcanyoudo?
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